Thesis (LL.D.)--University of Leiden / "Between legality and illegality: An inquiry into the doctrine of encroachment of rights and powers as a result of the corrective action of reasonableness and fairness in law with particular reference to the encroachment of ownership of immovable property" ...refer to full-text for more details which includes abstracts Afrikaans. Text in Afrikaans.

This research paper examines China's urban housing reform with a historical perspective, which provides an insight into current housing policy. In the past two decades, urban housing in China has been under a drastic transformation. As a critical component of the economy, the housing sector has played a very active role in restructuring China's economic system. The housing reform has encountered significant resistance. This research focuses on the property rights issue, which is a major concern in housing reform. With a comparative approach, the study addresses the basic research question, what are the fundamental barriers in urban housing reform. The research also involves a comprehensive review of the concept of the property rights and related issues in Western countries to establish a theoretical framework for furthering China's housing reform in term of property rights. The research also involves an inspection of housing reform in selected post-socialist countries to explore alternative transformation policies. Further housing reform policy is also articulated. / Master of Urban and Regional Planning

Conventions are social institutions that solve recurrent coordination problems. Many of the written and unwritten rules that make up a modern market society may be said to have the coordinative property. This dissertation uses a game-theoretical framework to discuss the emergence and functioning of conventions of communication, private property rights, money, and the firm. In each case the anlysis provides new insigts for these classical areas of economic inquiry. / <p>Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 1990</p>

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The objective of this thesis is to develop a conceptual model for classification of real property rights and public regulations. The model is called the Legal Cadastral Domain Model. The model is intended to be a terminological framework for cross-border exchange of cadastral information. Parties exchanging cadastral information via the model do not require detailed knowledge of the legal system in which the right or regulation is created. The model is based on the principle that real property rights and public regulations influence real property ownership by being either beneficial or encumbering for the real property owner. The theoretical departure of the research presented in this thesis is in comparative legal theory and terminology. Real property rights and public regulations are important parts of real property legislation as they describe and secure the use and other exploitation of land, water and air. The research is conducted through studies in real property legislation and associated literature. The model has been developed through case studies on real property rights in Portugal, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands and Sweden and public regulations in Portugal and Sweden. The generated results show that it seems possible to describe real property rights and public regulations regardless of their legal origin, at least in Western legal systems. The thesis also includes a discussion of terminological aspects concerning definitions of three-dimensional (3D) real property. The thesis consists of a summary and 6 papers. / <p>QC 20120629</p>

abstract: Sustainable development in an American context implies an ongoing shift from quantitative growth in energy, resource, and land use to the qualitative development of social-ecological systems, human capital, and dense, vibrant built environments. Sustainable urban development theory emphasizes locally and bioregionally emplaced economic development where the relationships between people, localities, products, and capital are tangible to and controllable by local stakeholders. Critical theory provides a mature understanding of the political economy of land development in capitalist economies, representing a crucial bridge between urban sustainability's infill development goals and the contemporary realities of the development industry. Since its inception, Phoenix, Arizona has exemplified the quantitative growth paradigm, and recurring instances of land speculation, non-local capital investment, and growth-based public policy have stymied local, tangible control over development from Phoenix's territorial history to modern attempts at downtown revitalization. Utilizing property ownership and sales data as well as interviews with development industry stakeholders, the political economy of infill land development in downtown Phoenix during the mid-2000s boom-and-bust cycle is analyzed. Data indicate that non-local property ownership has risen significantly over the past 20 years and rent-seeking land speculation has been a significant barrier to infill development. Many speculative strategies monopolize the publicly created value inherent in zoning entitlements, tax incentives and property assessment, indicating that political and policy reforms targeted at a variety of governance levels are crucial for achieving the sustainable development of urban land. Policy solutions include reforming the interconnected system of property sales, value assessment, and taxation to emphasize property use values; replacing existing tax incentives with tax increment financing and community development benefit agreements; regulating vacant land ownership and deed transfers; and encouraging innovative private development and tenure models like generative construction and community land trusts. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Sustainability 2013

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This thesis situates women as stakeholders in Canada’s post-war suburban development in their roles as designers, builders, owners and investors. By 1949, 60 percent of properties in the Municipality of Oak Bay, a suburb of Victoria, British Columbia, were held in female ownership. Most women owned houses jointly with their husbands. Others owned houses, vacant lots, commercial buildings and investment properties solely in their name. To understand the role that women played in shaping the built landscape of this post-war Canadian suburb between 1940 and 1960, information for each female owned property, along with a 20 percent sample, was collected from the municipality’s 1949 property assessment roll. Results were matched with a Geographic Information System (GIS) to illustrate the spatial characteristics of these ownership patterns and building permit records were examined. In-depth interviews were conducted with eleven women who spoke about their own or a relative’s experiences as property owners.

Användning av mark har stor betydelse för samhällsutvecklingen och kommuner har olika roller och ansvarsområden som hör ihop med detta, både som myndighet och som stora markägare. Inom tätorter och inte minst i bostadsområden är det i många fall kommunen som äger den mark som angränsar till bostadsfastigheter. Det förekommer att denna mark nyttjas av personer för eget bruk, då det sker i stor utsträckning antas det innebära konsekvenser för såväl allmänhet, bostadsinnehavare och kommuner. Syftet med denna studie var därför att öka kunskapen om olovligt nyttjande av kommunal mark. Detta gjordes dels genom att belysa vilka olika typer av överträdelser som förekommer när det gäller olovligt nyttjande av kommunal mark utanför bostadsfastigheter, men också genom att undersöka hur utvalda kommuner hanterar samt anser att det olovliga nyttjandet bör hanteras. För att ta reda på vilka typer av överträdelser som görs i bostadsområden valdes tre kommuner ut samt två bostadsområden i varje kommun. En jämförelse gjordes därefter mellan flygfoton och fastighetsindelningen för alla bostadsfastigheter i området för att se vilka typer av överträdelser som var förekommande. Representanter från de olika kommunerna intervjuades därefter för att få deras syn på vilka typer av överträdelser som förekommer och för att få kunskap om hur de olika kommunerna hanterar samt anser att olovligt nyttjande av kommunal mark bör hanteras. Vid jämförelsen mellan flygfoton och fastighetsindelningen identifierades olika typer av överträdelser, något som till stor del överensstämde med vad som framkommit under intervjuerna. Intervjuerna visade även på grundläggande likheter när det gäller hanteringen av olovligt nyttjande av kommunal mark, skillnader antas främst bero på olika kommunala förutsättningar med bland annat varierande resurser. När det gäller hur hanteringen bör gå till råder delade meningar mellan kommunerna. / Use of land is of major importance for the development of society and the municipalities have different roles and responsibilities associated with this, both as authority and as major landowners. In urban areas, and in particular residential areas, it is in many cases the municipality that owns the land that adjoins residential real estate. It has been shown that this land often is used by individuals for personal interests, and it is believed to have consequences for the public, residential owners and municipalities. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to increase knowledge about the illegal use of municipal land. This was done partly by highlighting the different types of infringements that occur in the unauthorized use of municipal land outside residential real estate, but also by investigating how selected municipalities handle and believes that illegal use should be handled. To find out what types of violations are done in residential areas, three municipalities were selected as well as two residential areas in each municipality. A comparison was then made between aerial photos and the property division for all residential properties in the area to see what types of violations were occurring. Representatives from the different municipalities were subsequently interviewed to get their views on what types of violations occurring and to gain knowledge about how the different municipalities handle and believe that illegal use of municipal land should be handled. In the comparison between aerial photography and property division, different types of infringements were identified, which largely corresponded to the findings of the interviews. The interviews also showed fundamental similarities regarding the management of illegal use of municipal land, differences are assumed mainly due to different municipal conditions, including varying resources. When it comes to how the handling should go, there are different opinions between the municipalities.

In this thesis an explorative study was undertaken with the aim to study how a number of private care providers, as well as politicians and officials from councils in and around the Stockholm and Uppsala counties, think about the future of the Swedish elderly care from a property perspective, i.e. homes for the elderly. The analysis shows that there is a demand for capacity in 6 out of 16 municipalities, and that the property is an important part of this capacity, and the fulfillment of it. This was mainly due to the cost of capital, but also because of several other factors such as lack of land, a wish to guide the design, ideology, and in many cases a wish to use the property as an instrument of domination to control private health care providers. Also, the property was show to be connected to economic competition, to freedom of choice, and to quality. The problems related to the property in the market for elderly care still remains to be solved. The writer of this thesis suggests that, among other things, patients should be treated as customers to a larger extent and problems that counter competition must be solved. Lastly, the writer has analyzed the situation in the Swedish market for elderly care from a value creation perspective. It is suggested that value can be created in both the network and within the company, even if the companies are competing, and thus ought to compete and not cooperate. / I denna uppsats har en explorativ studie företagits med målsättningen att undersöka hur ett antal privata vårdföretag samt politiker och tjänstemän från ett antal kommuner i och runt Stockholms- och Uppsala län tänker kring framtiden för den svenska äldrevården. Utgångspunkten har tagits ur ett fastighetsperspektiv, närmare bestämt vårdboenden. Bakgrunden ligger i det stora behovet av äldrevård som växer fram i Sverige och som beräknas nå sitt maximum kring 2035. Genom intervjuer har respondenterna fått svara på frågor om fastighetsbehovet, om konkurrens samt om, och i så fall hur, fastigheten kunde kopplas till kvalitet, valfrihet och konkurrens. Analysen visade att behov förekom i 6 av 16 kommuner, och att det påverkades av bland annat deras inställning till ägande och privata vårdgivare. Vidare visade sig fastigheten vara en viktig del i behovet och lösningen utav det samma, främst på grund av kapitalkostnaden, men också på grund av faktorer så som markbrist, en vilja att styra utformningen, ideologi och i flera fall en vilja att använda fastigheten som ett domineringsinstrument för att kontrollera privata vårdgivare. Konkurrensen sågs till viss del som ett utbyte framför en tävling. Slutligen framkom att fastigheten, om än som en underordnad komponent, kunde kopplas till konkurrens som nyss nämnda instrument, till valfrihet genom attraktivitet i läge och utseende, och till kvalitet som möjliggörare av effektiv vård och med rätt utformning. Fastighetsproblematiken i stort för vårdmarknaden, speciellt kopplat till LOV, återstår att lösa och författaren föreslår bland annat att vårdtagarna bör ses som kunder i större utsträckning och att konkurrenshämmande problem skall åtgärdas. Avslutningsvis har författaren analyserat situationen på den svenska vårdmarknaden ur ett värdeskapande perspektiv, kopplat till Porters, Stabell och Fjeldstads teorier om värdekedjor. En problematisk situation, sett till konkurrenskrafter på marknaden, iakttogs som orsak till att de privata vårdföretagen tycks medvetet eller omedvetet skapar värde tillsammans genom värdeskapande i nätverk parallellt med verksamhet enligt den traditionella värdekedjan, trots att detta motverkar ökad konkurrens. En möjlig förklaring är en kombination av oplanerat resursinterberoende och att det är ett slags relationsbyggande mellan företagen, orsakat av en imperfekt marknad.