A l’heure où l’institution judiciaire est placée au coeur des débats de société, le statut et le rôle du parquet apparaissent comme des questions centrales de la réforme de la justice. Injonctions de la Cour européenne des droits de l’Homme, incohérences du modèle français: le parquet connaît une crise profonde de légitimité. Une réflexion théorique s’impose afin de construire un modèle cohérent et de donner aux représentants de la société, garants de l’intérêt général et des libertés individuelles une indiscutable légitimité. Celle-ci doit s’envisager au regard de la position du ministère public dans l’appareil d’Etat, à travers les procédures qu’il applique et les objectifs qu’il doit poursuivre. Après avoir envisagé la légitimité du ministère public au sein de l’autorité judiciaire, examiné les spécificités et les incohérences de son statut tant en droit interne que sous l’éclairage européen, il apparaît nécessaire de démontrer que ses différentes fonctions en matière pénale, civile et commerciale, font de lui un acteur indispensable de l’autorité judiciaire et complémentaire du juge, son statut ne pouvant s’envisager qu’à la mesure des missions qui lui sont confiées. / At a time in which the institutions of the judiciary are at the heart of public debate, it is apparent that the status and role of the Public Prosecutor are key issues in judicial reform. Further to rulings from the European Court of Human Rights and inconsistencies within the French model itself, the office of the Public Prosecutor in France is undergoing a profound crisis of legitimacy. A theoretical assessment appears necessary in order to produce an appropriate and coherent model giving indisputable legitimacy to those representatives of society who are to protect public interest and individual freedoms. Such legitimacy is to be considered in light of the position of the Public Prosecutor in the apparatus of State, the procedures he must follow and the objectives he must pursue. Having highlighted the lack of statutory safeguards applicable to the office of the French Public Prosecutor, and considering its legitimacy within the judiciary, it appears that by the very nature of its various criminal, civil and commercial functions, and given the tasks entrusted to it, the office of Public Prosecutor must be fulfilled by members of the judiciary who benefit, as such, from the same statutory guarantees as judges

In Sweden an oral hearing, the trial, is held as the ideal model for the criminal procedure and according to the legality principle reported crimes ought to be investigated and prosecuted. Over time high levels of reported crimes have led to an increase in pressure on the courts and other actors in the criminal process. This pressure has created new ways of dealing with reported crimes in summary procedures and to exceptions from the legality principle. Such changes have given the prosecutor a key role in deciding how cases are dealt with in the criminal process.  The purpose of this thesis is to examine the Swedish public prosecutor’s influence on the choice of cases that are investigated, prosecuted and tried in court during a trial. The study examines the prosecutors’ legal authority and how that authority has changed from the time that the Code of Judicial Procedure came into force in 1948 to the beginning of 2011. A starting point for the examination is that investigating, prosecuting and trying cases in the criminal process should be carried out in a way that is considered to be fair according to societal values, which are embedded in the legal system. Both decisions about which cases will be tried and the procedure involved in how to try them has to be performed in a way that seems to be fair. In the study the values that underlie the criminal process is examined through a model. This model assumes that the criminal process has been created and developed to satisfy different requirements, which can be separated into three main groups: the functions of the criminal process, legal principles and the main objectives of a good administration of justice. The model is used to analyze and discuss the development of the legal rules. The prosecutor’s authority and influence over the process has broadened and the use of summary procedures has served to place the focus on the police investigation instead of the trial. Among the objectives of a good administration of justice Speed and Cost effectiveness are considered to be more important than Security. As long as the Trust in the system is sufficient this development can continue. A conclusion from the study is that there is a need for some actor to prioritize and to do that openly. In the study the issue is raised whether it is time to question the legality principle as the main principle for the Swedish legal system. / <p>Förlagsutgiven med 3 månaders embargo.</p>

Le droit de la famille s’est contractualisé et laisse aujourd’hui de larges espaces pouvant être régis par les seules volontés individuelles. Néanmoins, le mariage étant un acte très important, la loi prévoit que l’État se devait d’agir toujours en cette matière. La dimension institutionnelle du mariage traduit le contrôle exercé sur le mariage et sur la famille, par le ministère public.Depuis 2004 le Ministère public marocain occupe en droit de la famille la qualité de partie principale. Il peut déclencher toute action afin d’appliquer les dispositions du Code de la famille. L’observateur extérieur ne pouvait que louer pareille réforme, toutefois tout en ayant cette audace manifeste les dispositions concernant le Ministère public en matière familiale restent contradictoires. L’article 3 du Code de la famille et l’article 9 du Code de procédure civile, deux textes promulgués le même jour, sont antinomiques.Force est de constater que le mariage et le ministère public, partie principale suscite de multiples questions. De façon plus générale, quel est l’état actuel de ces deux institutions et comment évoluent - elles? C’est précisément à cette interrogation que notre travail a pour vocation de répondre. Pour mener à bien notre étude, il était utile de s’intéresser aux solutions consacrées par le droit français, lorsque ce dernier a été confronté à des questions identiques à celles que connaît le droit marocain actuellement. / The family law has been contracted, and is giving more importance to individual wills. Since marriage is a very important act, the state always has to intervene in this subject. The institutional dimension of marriage reflects the controlover marriage and family matters from the public prosecutor. Since 2004, the public prosecutor represents one of the most important parties in Moroccan family law. He can take anyaction to reinforce the provisions of the Family law. The external observer could only be pleased by such a reform. However the provisions of the family law remain contradictory. Article 3 of the Family Code, and the Article 9 of the Civil Code Procedure, promulgated two texts on the same day that are contradictory. It is clear that marriage and public prosecutor raise many questions. Generally, what is the current status of these two institutions and how do they progress? this question is precisely what our work aims to answer. To carry out our study, it was important to focus on the solutions founded by French law, when it faced issues similar to those that Moroccan lawis currently dealing with.

This Diploma thesis deals with the role of Public Prosecutor in Criminal Proceedings. Public prosecutor is an irreplaceable entity of criminal proceedings where he is tasked with defending a public interest. The aim of the thesis is to provide an analysis of the status of the public prosecutor in criminal proceedings while the main part of the thesis focuses on the status of the public prosecutor in preparatory criminal proceedings - the third chapter gives an overview over the relationship between the public prosecutor and police authority and the fourth chapter outlines an usage of diversions in criminal proceedings. The thesis is composed of four chapters. The first chapter outlines the history of the institute of public prosecution focusing on the Czech territory because there is no doubt the historical development is significantly reflected in the current form of this institute. Chapter Two provides a general overview over Public Prosecutor's Office which is important for understanding the following parts of this diploma thesis. Firstly, questionable issue of the position of Public Prosecutor's Office according to the Constitution of the Czech Republic is explored, then a description of a structure of the Public Prosecutor's Office and its internal relations including an issue of supervision...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Evelise Pedroso Teixeira Prado Vieira.pdf: 1528063 bytes, checksum: 778f56c1132416d32d13adb5c07044e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-19 / This dissertation has the objective to analyse the possibility to bring a action for a judgment about social rights and the mission of Public Prosecutor s Office in this defense. The subject has great importance in a unfair country as Brazil that, gradually, realizes that the concentration of income and assets generate, throughout the time, in reason of the extreme poverty of significant parcels of the population, social problems that prevent the country surpasses the underdevelopment. Fulfills the development of constitutional law as regards social rights forecast and conclude that the current Constitution has advanced on this area. Indispensable to establish enough theoretical bases so that the social rights in de Federal Constitution are not, only, words without meaning. In the current stage of brazilian laws and brazilian institutions, it is examined the possibility that these rights are enforced by the Government. This is the purpose of this work, with special focus in the Public Prosecutor s Office, an institution that has been dedicating to fulfill its constitutional role. Social rights are considered fundamental rights, like rights of freedom. It is examined, too, the costs of these rights and the limits that are usually placed against judicial protection: the principle of separation of powers, the administrative discretion and the theory of the reserve of possible. It is examined, also, the instruments provided by the legal system so that Prosecutor s Office may seek judicial protection. Finally, this dissertation has the objective to demonstrate the possibility of judicial protection of these rights, even if they are in the Constitution as institutional guarantees or program standards / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar a justiciabilidade dos direitos sociais e o papel do Ministério Público nesta defesa. O tema reveste-se de grande importância em um país desigual como o Brasil que, aos poucos, percebe que a concentração de renda e de bens gera, ao longo do tempo, em razão da extrema pobreza de parcelas significativas da população, problemas sociais que impedem que o país supere o subdesenvolvimento. Cumpre constatar o desenvolvimento do Direito Constitucional no que diz respeito à previsão dos direitos sociais e concluir que a atual Constituição Federal avançou consideravelmente nesta área. Indispensável estabelecer bases teóricas suficientes para que os direitos sociais previstos na Constituição Federal não sejam, apenas, palavras despidas de qualquer significado. Direitos sociais como promessas vazias já constaram das anteriores Constituições brasileiras. No atual estágio do Direito e das Instituições brasileiras, urge analisar a possibilidade de que estes direitos sejam efetivados pelo Poder Público. É este o propósito deste trabalho, com enfoque especial no Ministério Público, Instituição que vem se dedicando a cumprir o seu papel constitucional. Os direitos sociais são considerados direitos fundamentais, da mesma estatura que os direitos de liberdade. Examina-se a questão de seus custos e dos limites que, em geral, são colocados para a tutela jurisdicional: o princípio da separação de poderes, a discricionariedade administrativa e a teoria da reserva do possível. São examinados, também, os inúmeros instrumentos previstos pelo ordenamento jurídico para que o Ministério Público busque esta tutela Por fim, buscou-se afirmar a justiciabilidade dos direitos sociais como direitos subjetivos, como garantias institucionais e como direitos previstos em normas programáticas

Child sexual abuse is a major problem in Africa. There are a large number of child sexual abuse cases which are opened on a monthly basis. Child sexual abuse is a very sensitive issue and therefore trained professionals are needed in order to deal with the issue. Proper investigations need to be conducted. Due to the sensitive nature of child sexual abuse cases, finalising such cases successfully becomes a major problem. Numerous departments play a role in the investigation of these cases such as the National Prosecuting Authority, the South African Police Service, the Department of Social Development, the Department of Health, non–governmental organisations (NGOs), etcetera. The community does not have an understanding of how these cases are dealt with and, as a result, they blame the police for not doing their work properly and being useless. The role players also blame one another for the unsuccessful prosecution of perpetrators in cases of child sexual abuse. For example, prosecutors may blame the police for poor investigations and the police may, in turn, blame prosecutors for releasing suspects from custody unreasonably and removing cases off the roll for no apparent reasons. Social workers may also be blamed for not doing their work properly and taking too long to submit the assessment reports. Doctors may also be blamed for failing to attend court hearings and for filing incomplete reports. Although the role players have their inadequacies in investigating these cases, the truth is that each of them has their own unique protocol for handling cases of child sexual abuse. Therefore, a need emerged to explore the circumstances that affect the finalisation of child sexual abuse. In response to this, a qualitative study based in Tembisa was conducted. The aim of the study was to identify the circumstances that contribute to the finalisation of child sexual abuse cases in Tembisa. From the survey it was clear that there are several contributing factors, such as the delay of DNA results, inadequate training of the role players, and service points that are understaffed. The researcher came to the conclusion that the successful prosecution of child sexual abuse cases lies with all the role players in the investigation of child sexual abuse. / Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Child sexual abuse is a major problem in Africa. There are a large number of child sexual abuse cases which are opened on a monthly basis. Child sexual abuse is a very sensitive issue and therefore trained professionals are needed in order to deal with the issue. Proper investigations need to be conducted. Due to the sensitive nature of child sexual abuse cases, finalising such cases successfully becomes a major problem. Numerous departments play a role in the investigation of these cases such as the National Prosecuting Authority, the South African Police Service, the Department of Social Development, the Department of Health, non–governmental organisations (NGOs), etcetera. The community does not have an understanding of how these cases are dealt with and, as a result, they blame the police for not doing their work properly and being useless. The role players also blame one another for the unsuccessful prosecution of perpetrators in cases of child sexual abuse. For example, prosecutors may blame the police for poor investigations and the police may, in turn, blame prosecutors for releasing suspects from custody unreasonably and removing cases off the roll for no apparent reasons. Social workers may also be blamed for not doing their work properly and taking too long to submit the assessment reports. Doctors may also be blamed for failing to attend court hearings and for filing incomplete reports. Although the role players have their inadequacies in investigating these cases, the truth is that each of them has their own unique protocol for handling cases of child sexual abuse. Therefore, a need emerged to explore the circumstances that affect the finalisation of child sexual abuse. In response to this, a qualitative study based in Tembisa was conducted. The aim of the study was to identify the circumstances that contribute to the finalisation of child sexual abuse cases in Tembisa. From the survey it was clear that there are several contributing factors, such as the delay of DNA results, inadequate training of the role players, and service points that are understaffed. The researcher came to the conclusion that the successful prosecution of child sexual abuse cases lies with all the role players in the investigation of child sexual abuse. / Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Este trabalho apresenta o Ministério Público como agente eficaz e analisa sua atuação positiva na proteção do ambiente. Com posição constitucional, hoje privilegiada, integrante e defensor do Estado Democrático de Direito, abandona o simples invólucro de participação processual. Assim, tem-se a definição, a natureza, o regime jurídico e as formas de atuação do órgão ministerial, sempre respeitado o espaço constitucional. A sociedade de risco, descrita e presente hoje, passa a integrar a órbita de atuação ministerial, pela sua relevância diante da necessidade de defesa do ambiente. Complementa-se com o enfrentamento das questões ambientais, analisando-se os instrumentos e sua eficácia. Abordando-se o atuar pró-ativo, e observando-se os princípios ambientais e da democracia participativa, tem o Ministério Público a tarefa de ultrapassar a manutenção e preservação, para, efetivamente, propor políticas públicas visando ao futuro: direito fundamental ao ambiente. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-30T17:06:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Simone Martini.pdf: 1497202 bytes, checksum: 642523da568da2066b2a27afa0b79575 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-30T17:06:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Simone Martini.pdf: 1497202 bytes, checksum: 642523da568da2066b2a27afa0b79575 (MD5) / This dissertation introduces the Public Prosecutor as an effective agent and analyses his positive actions on the environment protection. The Public Prosecutor has, today, a privileged constitutional position as a defender of Democratic State of Right, abandoning the mere position of procedural participant. So, we will have the definition, the nature, the legal regime and ways of action by the Public Prosecutor, always respecting the Constitution. The risk society present today, for its relevance, starts to integrate the field of action of Public Prosecutor, in the presence of need of the environment defense. It will be complete with facing up to the environment issues, analyzing its instruments and efficacy. The Public Prosecutor, addressing the act proactively and noting the environmental principles and participatory democracy, has the assignment to overtake the maintenance and preservation to propose public policies aimed at the future: the fundamental right to the environment.

Este trabalho apresenta o Ministério Público como agente eficaz e analisa sua atuação positiva na proteção do ambiente. Com posição constitucional, hoje privilegiada, integrante e defensor do Estado Democrático de Direito, abandona o simples invólucro de participação processual. Assim, tem-se a definição, a natureza, o regime jurídico e as formas de atuação do órgão ministerial, sempre respeitado o espaço constitucional. A sociedade de risco, descrita e presente hoje, passa a integrar a órbita de atuação ministerial, pela sua relevância diante da necessidade de defesa do ambiente. Complementa-se com o enfrentamento das questões ambientais, analisando-se os instrumentos e sua eficácia. Abordando-se o atuar pró-ativo, e observando-se os princípios ambientais e da democracia participativa, tem o Ministério Público a tarefa de ultrapassar a manutenção e preservação, para, efetivamente, propor políticas públicas visando ao futuro: direito fundamental ao ambiente. / This dissertation introduces the Public Prosecutor as an effective agent and analyses his positive actions on the environment protection. The Public Prosecutor has, today, a privileged constitutional position as a defender of Democratic State of Right, abandoning the mere position of procedural participant. So, we will have the definition, the nature, the legal regime and ways of action by the Public Prosecutor, always respecting the Constitution. The risk society present today, for its relevance, starts to integrate the field of action of Public Prosecutor, in the presence of need of the environment defense. It will be complete with facing up to the environment issues, analyzing its instruments and efficacy. The Public Prosecutor, addressing the act proactively and noting the environmental principles and participatory democracy, has the assignment to overtake the maintenance and preservation to propose public policies aimed at the future: the fundamental right to the environment.

Orientador: Vicente Rodriguez / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T09:19:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mizuki_Vitor_M.pdf: 1869274 bytes, checksum: 4a7482670cddc911a319322bba74a3c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Em fins do século XX a economia capitalista apresentou forte crise e os diagnósticos explicativos diferenciaram-se. Hegemonicamente foram adotadas explicações segundo as quais tal crise teria origem no modelo de gestão burocrático do Estado e, dessa forma, para sua superação seriam necessárias medidas de reformulação do modelo de gestão do Estado. No Brasil, tal movimento foi marcado pelo Plano Diretor de Reforma do Aparelho de Estado (PDRAE), lançado em 1995 que adotou um modelo de gestão estatal "gerencialista". Os direitos civis, políticos e sociais, destacadamente, o direito à educação, amplamente assegurados na Constituição Federal da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988, sofreram diversos impactos na forma como o Estado passou a garantir-lhes. Desta combinação de fatores, o Estado vem realizando diversas parcerias público-privadas para a prestação do direito à educação, dentre elas, a compra de sistemas apostilados de ensino privados por municípios paulistas. Esta dissertação identificou e caracterizou a atuação do Ministério Público (MP) para fiscalizar e intervir nos contratos entre prefeituras paulistas e empresas educacionais, para aquisição de sistemas de ensino apostilado privados, entre os anos de 2003 a 2010. Para tanto, mapeou-se os municípios paulistas que tiveram atuação do MP, com aprofundamento em Barueri e Vinhedo, mediante entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os Promotores Públicos locais que atuaram no caso. O MP vem agindo sobre estas parcerias, destacadamente, sob a perspectiva da área do Patrimônio Público, já que há indícios de Improbidade Administrativa pelos gestores públicos quando destas parcerias. Entretanto, apesar de pouco explorada pelos promotores públicos, há indícios de que esta atuação possa ser feita mediante o Direito à Educação. A aquisição de sistemas apostilados de ensino pelas prefeituras paulistas desafia a atuação da instituição, seja pela novidade em si, seja pela formação dos promotores públicos. Nesse sentido, há movimentação interna ao MP paulista para estimular a atuação dos promotores, à luz do Direito à Educação, inclusive mediante cursos de formação e produção do Plano Geral de Atuação de 2012, especificando este tema / Abstract: The crisis of the capitalist economy identified at the end of the 20th century was hegemonic explained as a consequence of the management model adopted by the States. Therefore, many countries adopted new forms of State administration based on characteristics of the private companies. In Brazil, it was performed by the "Plano Diretor de Reforma do Aparelho de Estado (PDRAE)" published in 1995. The civil, political and social rights presented changes in the form how the Brazilian state granted them. As one of the consequences, the State perform some public-private partnerships like the municipality¿s purchase of "private educational systems" with consequences to the educational right. This thesis identified and characterized actions taken by the public prosecutors regarding the acquisitions of "private educational systems" by some mayor's offices in the São Paulo state, between the years 2003 and 2010. Therefore, the cities that had public prosecutors actions upon these acquisitions were mapped, and then the analysis was focused on the cities of Barueri, Vinhedo and Itirapina by using "semi-structured interviews" with the public prosecutors that were involved in the cases. The state's prosecutors of São Paulo are acting upon these acquisitions under the perspective of the laws that regulates the public properties and the service's that concerns the Public hiring. However, there are laws, that concerns to the Brazilians educational rights, that the public prosecutors aren't neither acting nor even looking at. These partnerships challenges the institution of the state because they are novelty, because the public prosecutors aren't well formed to act upon the 1988¿s Constitutionals educational rights and because they haven't enough personal or material that the quantity and quality of their job demands. The research reveals that the state is starting to look more at these acquisitions / Mestrado / Ciencias Sociais na Educação / Mestre em Educação