In 1655 and again in 1686-1689, the Waldensians of Piedmont were massacred by the Duke of Savoy after he issued edicts forbidding the practice of their religion. The Waldensians were later followers of the medieval religious movement of the Poor of Lyons, declared heretical in 1215. The Waldensians associated with the Reformation in 1532, and thus formed a link with diverse groups of Protestants across Europe. In the periods immediately surrounding both massacres, an outpouring of publications dedicated to their plight, their history, and their religious identity appeared, a large number of which emerged in London. On both occasions, the propaganda gave rise to international sympathy and encouraged international intervention, eventually provoking the Duke to rescind the edicts that had instigated the massacres. While most contemporary scholars consider the Waldensians to have been fully absorbed into Protestantism after 1532, it is clear from the writings of both the Waldensians and their sympathizers that they considered themselves a separate entity: the inheritors of a long tradition of dissent from the Catholic Church based on their own belief in the purity of the Gospel. The Waldensian identity was based on a history of exclusion and persecution, and also on a belief that they had transmitted the true embodiment of Christianity through the centuries. The documents that were published surrounding the massacres address the legitimacy of the Waldensian identity based on centuries of practice. English and continental Protestants identified with the Waldensians, who provided ancient ties and legitimacy to their ‘new’ religion, and the Waldensians adopted that identity proudly, all the while claiming continuity. Protestants also used the Waldensians in propagandist documents, most often to justify political or religious actions and ideologies. The continuity of Waldensianism through the Reformation became crucially important for the wider umbrella of Protestantism as a legitimizing factor for the movement. This thesis investigates the claims of continuity and finds that while the Waldensians underwent a dramatic change in religious doctrine to conform to the Reformation, their belief in the continuity of their religious identity can be validated by examining religion from a socio-cultural perspective that takes aspects other than theology into consideration.

The objective of this research project was to evaluate the effectiveness of the M.Div. program of Alliance Bible Seminary, Hong Kong. The research was designed for evaluation based solely upon the perceptions of the participant (graduate). The research identified and described the graduates enrolled, assessed perceived career development and attainment, and measured the degree of satisfaction experienced by the graduates who have matriculated from the degree program. A questionnaire was mailed to obtain the necessary data from the graduates of the M.Div. program of Alliance Bible Seminary. The questionnaire which was used was adapted from a previously used one used in the study of graduate educational programs. It has been tested in two other previous studies and was deemed effective. In order to verify its effectiveness in the Eastern context, a pilot test was conducted before the formal research, and the adapted questionnaire was found effective. Responses to the questionnaire were coded and the SPSS system was used to analyze the data. Tables and figures were constructed showing frequencies and significant differences where they occurred. Generally, the graduates at Alliance Bible Seminary were very satisfied with their educational experiences. Both males and females indicated that they would choose the same path again, and would recommend the program to others. The graduates were having full-time employment in the field of Christian ministry, and were positively attaining their career goals. The steps leading to the degree at Alliance Bible Seminary were perceived as very helpful and useful, not just the course work and independent reading, but also extre-curricular activities such as voluntary work on campus, Student Evangelistic Band, and interaction with faculty. Some aspects of the program need improvement and consolidation, such as freshmen advising in the majors, course work in the core, quality of instruction, varieties of course offered, and access to computing resources. A special concern should be made on spiritual formation activities. Over half of the respondents (55%) were not satisfied with this. This evaluation was the first of its kind in the history of the seminary. It emphasized the importance of keeping the institution responsive to the rapidly changing conditions of the society, especially in Hong Kong and China, where the focus of Christian ministry will be in the new century. Hopefully, this research project will kindle a series of research efforts that in the end will help the seminary creating an evaluation system within the institution, so that the institution is kept sensitive to the changing environment and can improve its programs accordingly.

Is there a relationship between work role and information seeking behavior? Three behaviors were examined: choice of information channel, choice of method for information retrieval, and choice of method for storing retrieved information. The Protestant clergy was selected as a profession with clearly identified work roles, including preacher and administrator. Questionnaires were mailed to 150 randomly selected ministers in Tarrant County, Texas. Sixty-four responded. Additionally, fifteen ministers selected at random were interviewed for additional data. The data collected through the questionnaires were analyzed using nonparametric statistical techniques.

A construção do Estado brasileiro na primeira metade do século XIX foi um momento de debates políticos intensos em torno dos diversos projetos para a nação fundados no ideário liberal. A Igreja Católica, unida ao Estado sob o regime do Padroado Régio e ocupando uma posição central durante todo o período colonial, sofrerá forte ataque de parte dos membros do clero, entre os quais se destaca o padre Diogo Antônio Feijó, que defendia o regime regalista, desencadeando uma crise entre a Igreja brasileira e a Igreja de Roma. Estes conflitos perpassam a obra do viajante Daniel Parish Kidder que viveu no Brasil entre 1837 e 1840, a serviço da Sociedade Bíblica dos Estados Unidos, procurando difundir seus princípios religiosos de acordo com os padrões da modernidade. / The Brazilian States construction in the first half of 19th century was a moment of intense political debates around various projects for the nation based on liberal ideas. The Catholic Church united with the State under the Royal Patronage holding a central position during the entire Colonial Period would suffer a strong attack from some of the clergys members which stands out Father Diogo Antônio Feijó in defense of regalist regime triggering a crisis between Brazilian Church and Roman Church. These conflicts pervade the works of Daniel Kidder who lived in Brazil from 1837 to 1840, serving the American Bible Society in order to spread his religious principals according modernity standards.

Enquanto na dita Idade Média se erguiam igrejas com planta predominantemente em cruz latina, a partir do chamado Renascimento se encontram nos principais tratados, como os de Leon Battista Alberti (1452) e Sebastiano Serlio (Livro V, 1547), o elogio à perfeição das plantas circulares. Tem sido consenso na historiografia que a censura à construção das igrejas centralizadas e o retorno às formas basilicais foi defendido pelo Concílio de Trento, que teria traçado diretrizes que orientariam o projeto para a matriz romana dos jesuítas, a igreja de Il Gesù (1568). Este trabalho, tendo por objeto a análise do conjunto de igrejas e oratórios construídos em planta longitudinal em Roma, após o Grande Saque de 1527 e nas décadas que antecederam o projeto de Vignola para a casa-mãe jesuíta, se propõe a atenuar tal mito e a demarcar as noções e os princípios que nortearam a construção de tais edifícios sagrados. / While in Middle Ages churches were conceived predominantly in a latin cross plan, the Renaissance brought treaties, such as the one from Leon Battista Alberti (1452) and the other from Sebatiano Serlio (book V, 1547), which praise the perfection of circular plan. It has been consensus in historiography that the return to basilical forms, as advocated by the Council of Trent, is inaugurated with the construction of Il Gesù (1568). This essay, which aims to analyze the set of Roman churches and oratories built in longitudinal plan after de Sack of Rome in 1527 and in the decades that preceded Vignola\'s project to the Jesuit House Church, proposes to mitigate such myth and to investigate the notions and principles that guided the construction of such worship buildings.

A construção do Estado brasileiro na primeira metade do século XIX foi um momento de debates políticos intensos em torno dos diversos projetos para a nação fundados no ideário liberal. A Igreja Católica, unida ao Estado sob o regime do Padroado Régio e ocupando uma posição central durante todo o período colonial, sofrerá forte ataque de parte dos membros do clero, entre os quais se destaca o padre Diogo Antônio Feijó, que defendia o regime regalista, desencadeando uma crise entre a Igreja brasileira e a Igreja de Roma. Estes conflitos perpassam a obra do viajante Daniel Parish Kidder que viveu no Brasil entre 1837 e 1840, a serviço da Sociedade Bíblica dos Estados Unidos, procurando difundir seus princípios religiosos de acordo com os padrões da modernidade. / The Brazilian States construction in the first half of 19th century was a moment of intense political debates around various projects for the nation based on liberal ideas. The Catholic Church united with the State under the Royal Patronage holding a central position during the entire Colonial Period would suffer a strong attack from some of the clergys members which stands out Father Diogo Antônio Feijó in defense of regalist regime triggering a crisis between Brazilian Church and Roman Church. These conflicts pervade the works of Daniel Kidder who lived in Brazil from 1837 to 1840, serving the American Bible Society in order to spread his religious principals according modernity standards.

Submitted by Kamila Costa (kamilavasconceloscosta@gmail.com) on 2015-06-23T17:12:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-SANDRO AMORIM DE CARVALHO.pdf: 3631853 bytes, checksum: 1a7d3b7335366660ef4ab9edd96247c5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-07T17:20:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-SANDRO AMORIM DE CARVALHO.pdf: 3631853 bytes, checksum: 1a7d3b7335366660ef4ab9edd96247c5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-07T17:41:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-SANDRO AMORIM DE CARVALHO.pdf: 3631853 bytes, checksum: 1a7d3b7335366660ef4ab9edd96247c5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-07T17:41:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-SANDRO AMORIM DE CARVALHO.pdf: 3631853 bytes, checksum: 1a7d3b7335366660ef4ab9edd96247c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-29 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation presents the history of the inserting and expansion of Protestantism the city of Manaus (AM), between the years of 1888 to 1944. This is a result of research on the missionary activities of the Rev. Marcus Ellsworth Carver and his contributing to the insertion Protestantism in the city of Manaus. Deriving from his imaginary world and its representations, presenting him as the first Protestant missionary to establish in city of Manaus of activities the preaching, reading and public the Bible teaching, which culminated the foundation of Bethesda Mission and the Amazonense Evangelical Church. In 1908, when he returned to the United States, leaves church to give leadership to Pr. Juvêncio Paulo de Mello. In order to we analyze his life trajectory that we adopted research methodology the historiographical approach micro-history, history of imaginary and the historical biography. We underline that for Carver the instruments used in evangelization Protestant missionary, the Bible and songs, are very important. Demonstrating that the Protestant message polarizes the world in pure and impure, between sacred and profane. / Esta dissertação apresenta o relato da inserção do protestantismo na cidade de Manaus (AM), entre os anos de 1888 e 1944. É resultado de pesquisa sobre a atividade missionária do Rev. Marcus Ellsworth Carver e sua contribuição para a formação de uma cultura evangélica oriunda de seu imaginário e de suas representações de mundo, apresentando-o como primeiro missionário protestante a estabelecer na cidade de Manaus atividades de pregação, leitura e ensino público da Bíblia, o que culminou na fundação da Missão Bethesda e da Egreja Evangélica Amazonense. Em 1908, ao retornar para os Estados Unidos, deixa a Igreja sob a direção do Pr. Juvêncio Paulo de Mello. Para analisarmos sua trajetória de vida e atuação adotamos como metodologia de pesquisa as abordagens historiográficas da micro-história, história do imaginário e a biografia histórica. É interessante destacar que para Carver os instrumentos utilizados na evangelização missionária protestante, a Bíblia e os cânticos, são muito importantes. Demonstrando que a mensagem protestante dualista do mundo em puro e impuro, entre sagrado e profano.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dario de Araujo Cardoso.pdf: 774201 bytes, checksum: 52c884acd51050284de2ff0ad01a3755 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-22 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This research has as its object the Calvin´s proposal to produce metrical psalms for liturgical singing of the Reformed Church, which culminated in making the Geneva Psalter. The goal is to show how the Geneva Psalter served as an instrument of expression and the spread of Reformed theology. Seeks to demonstrate how the singing of psalms was introduced into the devotional practice of the Christian Church and its state before the Reformation. Then comes the resumption of congregational singing by Luther and Calvin and the principles that led him to defend the singing of metrical psalms and other biblical texts. This proposal gave rise to the Geneva Psalter that became a hallmark of Reformed Protestantism and influenced in different ways to hymnody of the Reformed churches. / A presente pesquisa tem como seu objeto a proposta de Calvino de produzir salmos metrificados para o cântico litúrgico da igreja reformada e que culminou na confecção do Saltério de Genebra. O objetivo é demonstrar como o Saltério de Genebra serviu de instrumento de expressão e propagação da teologia reformada. Procura demonstrar como o cântico de salmos se inseriu na prática devocional da Igreja Cristã e seu estado antes da Reforma. Trata então da retomada do canto congregacional por Lutero e Calvino e os princípios que levaram-no a defender o cântico de salmos metrificados e outros textos bíblicos. Essa proposta deu origem ao Saltério de Genebra que se tornou uma marca do protestantismo reformado e influenciou de maneiras diversas a hinologia das igrejas reformadas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vitor Augusto Andrade Albiero.pdf: 857839 bytes, checksum: c0e25238fa968155fb8e8ec30b5b6310 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-24 / Francis Schaeffer is considered by many one of the greatest Christians of the 20th century. Upset by the divorce between nature and grace provoked by the preeminence of irrationality contained in contemporary thought, the author encounters the decline and lack of hope that imprint the modern man regarding the concept of objective and universal truth. In defiance of this very declaration, Francis Schaeffer tries to rescue the balance that should involve the elements in the relation faith and reason without, however, inclining towards rationalisms nor even, on the other hand, toward a religious existentialism. Verifying the crisis and dilemma in which the modern man finds himself in philosophy, arts, general culture and theology, engendered by the respective abandonment of universal concepts and by the adoption of a post-modern perspective of a fragmented reality, Francis Schaeffer proposes a confrontation of this crisis from an epistemic source found only in the Sacred Scriptures. Herewith, the objective of this research is to demonstrate that the author tries to compose his proposed solution exclusively aligned with the Biblical Christianity, keeping in mind the influence that he received from the presupposition and principles of the reformed thought. Thus, one tries to identify how Francis Schaeffer applies the reformed view regarding the unified field of knowledge in his diagnosis and proposal for confronting the paradigm crisis, to the point of claiming the inexistence of the epistemological crisis for the reformers, as well as for the biblical. Nonetheless, in order to solve the actual epistemological crisis in which the modern man finds himself, the author highlights the vital and imperious importance regarding the epistemic response emerging from the reformed concept of Biblical Revelation, which ends up, wherefore, offering an answer equally metaphysical and moral, also necessary for dissolving the paradigm crisis. / Francis Schaeffer é considerados por muitos um dos maiores cristãos do século XX. Contrariado com o divórcio entre a natureza e a graça , provocado pela preeminência da irracionalidade que envolve o pensamento contemporâneo, o autor se depara com o declínio e a desesperança que marcam o homem moderno quanto ao conceito de verdade objetiva e universal. Em oposição a esta constatação própria, Francis Schaeffer busca resgatar o equilíbrio que deve envolver os elementos da relação fé e razão sem, contudo, inclinar-se para o racionalismo ou, por outro lado, polarizar-se para o existencialismo religioso. Ao constatar a crise e dilema em que o homem moderno se encontra nas áreas da filosofia, artes, cultura geral, e teologia, gerados pelo abandono do conceito de universais e pela adoção da perspectiva pós-moderna da realidade fragmentada, Francis Schaeffer propõe o enfrentamento desta crise a partir da fonte epistêmica encontrada somente nas Escrituras Sagradas. Deste modo, é objetivo desta pesquisa demonstrar que o autor compõe sua proposta de solução exclusivamente pautada no Cristianismo Bíblico tendo em vista a influência que recebeu dos pressupostos e princípios do pensamento reformado. Assim, busca-se identificar como Francis Schaeffer aplica a visão reformada acerca do campo unificado do conhecimento em seu diagnóstico e proposta de enfrentamento da crise de paradigmas, a ponto de afirmar a inexistência da crise epistemológica para os reformadores, bem como para os cristãos bíblicos. Todavia, a fim de solucionar a atual tensão epistemológica em que o homem moderno se encontra, o autor ressalta a importância imprescindível e imperiosa quanto à resposta epistêmica partir do conceito reformado de Revelação Bíblica, o que acaba, por conseguinte, fornecendo igualmente a resposta metafísica e moral, também necessárias para o esvanecendo da crise de paradigmas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia Lessa Medeiros da Silva.pdf: 5603146 bytes, checksum: 99aa523604ece66e4406bf35235dff85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-15 / Our research proposes to reflect the protestant movement, its ethics, influences and its roots through a historical approach, in view of the birth of Protestantism around the world, and, aftermost, in Brazilian lands. Through the light of the Reformist provement our research tries to show how the Protestantism influenced on the construction of the Brazilian pedagogy, on showing such contribution, we would like to highlight the pedagogical work developed at the Instituto Presbiteriano de Cabo Frio. We would like to show our efforts to follow the accelerated process of nowadays development and our endeavors in order to offer a diverse work that offers significant learning through a program that may be adjusted to the reality of our time and the individual needs of each student. In the beginning of 80 s, with the political opening, we could see a great mobilization of our educators on the seeking of a critical education that could bring social, political and economical transformation in order to overcome social inequalities and promote the citizenship, which is been consolidated by the progressist pedagogy. The hope of the poet that affirms that the life is worth even though the bread is expensive and the liberty is small continues generating boldness to overcome the needs of our society. This work is borne motivated by such blows of winds. The objective of these studies to bring us to reflect about the consequences of the learning difficulties in the relational process between teachers and students, and as well as to propose critical measures. Such proposes here cited try to show that we have to reflect to take a reflexive practice as teachers, scientifically based and also offer an atmosphere that may contribute to healthy and an emotional venue. On doing so the teacher will bring to the student the possibility of listing, answering and accept his difficulties without any guilt, understanding, knowing how to overcome then. / Esta pesquisa propõe refletir o movimento protestante, sua ética, influências e raízes através de uma abordagem histórica, pontuando o surgimento do protestantismo na Alemanha ,e posteriormente, em terras brasileiras. Diante do movimento da reforma, esta pesquisa busca mostrar de que forma se deu a influência do protestantismo na formação da pedagogia brasileira. Ao expor essa grande contribuição do protestantismo à educação do Brasil, destacou-se sua importância para o entendimento do trabalho pedagógico desenvolvido no Instituto Presbiteriano de Cabo Frio. Sendo um desafio para a escola acompanhar o acelerado processo de desenvolvimento da atualidade e oferecer um trabalho diversificado que propicie aprendizagens significativas, através de um currículo que se ajuste à realidade de cada época e às necessidades individuais dos alunos. No início dos anos 80, com a abertura política, assistiu-se a uma grande mobilização dos educadores na busca de uma educação crítica, a serviço das transformações sociais, políticas e econômicas, com intuito de superar as desigualdades sociais e promover o exercício da cidadania, o que vem se consolidando com a pedagogia progressista. A esperança do poeta ao afirmar que a vida vale a pena mesmo o pão sendo caro e a liberdade pequena, continua gerando na sociedade a ousadia de superação das dificuldades. Este trabalho nasceu motivado por tais ventos. O objetivo deste estudo foi refletir sobre as consequências das dificuldades da aprendizagem no processo relacional entre os professores e alunos, bem como propor medidas práticas. As propostas aqui se firmaram no entendimento da necessidade de se capacitar o professor a assumir uma prática reflexiva, embasada cientificamente e também oferecê-lo um ambiente contribuinte para sua saúde emocional. Tal investimento no professor possui reflexo direto no aluno que propiciando que este assuma a condição de sujeito que além de ouvir, poderá falar sem culpa, enxergar suas dificuldades e encontrar espaço para superá-las.