Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio Carlos Anacleto.pdf: 924011 bytes, checksum: 3b8f98f3e986057bc399240a2c8ec34e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-08 / Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie / Erasmo Braga is a prominent name when we think about the religious reformed context in Brazil and Latin America. He is one of the most notable leaders in the early twentieth century and is also known for his pedagogical and educational ideas presented to the Brazilian society. For Braga, there was a possible and useful approximation between religion and education that could produce good results for Brazilian society. This research aims to observe the thought of Erasmo Braga as a theologian-educator and his relationship between education and the consolidation of Protestantism in Brazil during the republican era and its first consequences to the Brazilian society in that time focusing on his work The republic of Brazil . To this end, the current research is divided in three chapters. The first chapter explains how the Calvinist Reformed theology was present in his social and pedagogical commitment. Besides this, it emphasizes the educational principle developed by John Calvin and the major influences that this pedagogical model has brought for the sixteenth-century Europe. The second chapter identifies the emphasis that the Brazilian Protestantism gave to education in its practice by setting up schools, colleges, seminaries, and newspapers. The print media was used as well by the Protestantism in Brazil to spread its teachings and to encourage the literacy and educational development of its believers. The third chapter aims to understand the thinking of Erasmo Braga about the benefits of education to consolidate the Protestant mission in Brazilian lands on two levels: social transformation and evangelism. For this, the text presents a background of his life and talks about the reality of Brazilian society in that time. / Erasmo Braga se destaca no cenário religioso reformado brasileiro e latino-americano por ter sido um dos seus mais notáveis líderes no início do século XX e por suas ideias pedagógicas e educacionais apresentadas à sociedade brasileira. Para Braga, havia uma possível e proveitosa aproximação entre religião e educação que geraria bons frutos para a sociedade brasileira. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo observar no pensamento do teólogo-educador Erasmo Braga a relação existente entre a educação e a consolidação do protestantismo no Brasil no período republicano e suas consequências primárias à sociedade brasileira da época, tendo como foco sua obra The Republic of Brazil. Para tal, a pesquisa é dividida em três capítulos. O primeiro capítulo observa o modo como a teologia reformada calvinista se fez presente por meio do seu engajamento social-pedagógico. Este capítulo enfatiza o princípio educacional desenvolvido por João Calvino e as principais influências que este modelo pedagógico trouxe para a Europa do século XVI. O segundo capítulo identifica a ênfase que o protestantismo brasileiro deu à educação em sua práxis teológica ao fundar escolas, colégios, seminários e jornais, como também em utilizar os meios escritos para difundir seus ensinos e incentivar a alfabetização e o desenvolvimento escolar de seus fiéis. Já o terceiro capítulo, ao apresentar como pano de fundo a vida do teólogo-educador Erasmo Braga e a realidade da sociedade brasileira de seu tempo, visa compreender o seu pensamento com relação aos benefícios da educação na consolidação da missão protestante em terras brasileiras em dois níveis: a transformação social e o evangelismo.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Mauricio Passos Nepomuceno.pdf: 823044 bytes, checksum: 646f7336469e396ae33ac65bc2812e4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-15 / The paper analyzes the sociological problem with the loss of social legitimacy of the Brazilian Protestant Minister (aqui também pode-se usar Pastor) and it will evaluate the ways that these social agents can use to fill this gap psychosocial. Working from the theory paradigm of role "symbolic interactionist", taking advantage the sociological methodology of the Jean-Paul Willaime and transplanting these resources to the sociological Brazilian Protestantism's reality, this study showed that during the historical course, since the insertion of Protestant mission in Brazil, even the most significant change in the Brazilian religious field with the emergence of neo-pentecostalism, Protestant Ministers connected to brazilian historical religious denominations suffered a gradual loss or restriction of their social importance. The study also found that this loss or restriction in their social locus generates a natural response in order to reconquer their condition of social plenitude. This natural response interposes as the vital sociological problem discussed in this research: what are the possible outputs for legitimating the Brazilian Protestant Minister. / O trabalho analisa o problema sociológico da perda de legitimidade social do pastor protestante brasileiro e avalia os caminhos que estes agentes sociais podem se utilizar para preencher esta lacuna psicossocial. Trabalhando a partir do paradigma da teoria de papel simbólico interacionista , aproveitando-se da metodologia sociológica de Jean-Paul Willaime e transplantando estes recursos para a realidade sociológica do protestantismo brasileiro, o trabalho demonstrou que no decurso histórico, desde a inserção do protestantismo de missão no Brasil, até a mais significativa mudança do campo religioso brasileiro com o surgimento do neopentecostalismo, os pastores protestantes ligados às denominações religiosas históricas brasileiras sofreram uma gradativa perda ou restrição de sua importância social. O trabalho também considerou que esta perda ou restrição do locus social gera uma resposta natural de reconquista da condição de plenitude social o que se interpõe como o problema sociológico vital discutido nesta pesquisa: quais as possíveis saídas legitimadoras para o pastor protestante brasileiro.

A arquitetura religiosa da época do Renascimento apresentou criações balizadas pela reflexão teórica florescida nesse período, por meio das elaborações dos Tratados de arquitetura. No contexto histórico conturbado do início da idade moderna, as questões religiosas envolvendo a contestação do protestantismo e a reação da contrarreforma por parte da Igreja Católica, principalmente por meio do evento emblemático do Concílio de Trento (1545-1563), trouxeram influências nas artes figurativas desse período. No campo da arquitetura religiosa, a influência também se faz sentir. Carlos Borromeu (1538-1584), arcebispo da cidade de Milão, expoente do pensamento contrarreformista, produz aquela que é considera a única obra desse campo de ideias no que diz respeito à arquitetura religiosa, trata-se das suas Instructionum Fabricae et Supellectilis Ecclesiasticae libri duo (1577). Por meio da ação de seu arquiteto de confiança, Pellegrino Tibaldi (1527-1596), o Borromeu introduz um amplo programa de transformações no espaço arquitetônico, privilegiando aspectos funcionais relativos ao decoro do culto, correspondendo em grande medida às ideias postuladas pelo Tridentino. Este trabalho visa dar conhecimento desse texto do Borromeu por meio de uma tradução inédita do texto original latino para a língua portuguesa. / The religious architecture of the Renaissance period presented creations buoyed by growing up theoretical reflection in this period, through elaborations of architecture treaties. In the troubled historical context of the early modern age, religious issues involving the contestation of Protestantism and the reaction of Protestant Reformation by the Catholic Church, particularly through the flagship event of the Council of Trent (1545-1563), brought influences in the figurative arts of this period. In the field of religious architecture, the influence is also felt. Charles Borromeo (1538-1584), archbishop of Milan, exponent of Protestant Reformation though, produces that which is considered the only work of this field of ideas with regard to religious architecture, it is their Instructionum Fabricae et Supellectilis Ecclesiasticae libri duo (1577), also known as De Fabrica Ecclesiae. Through the action of his trusted architect Pellegrino Tibaldi (1527-1596), the Borromeo introduces a comprehensive transformation program in architectonic space, focusing on functional aspects of the service decorum, corresponding largely to the ideas postulated by Tridentine. This work aims to inform this Borromean text through an unpublished translation of the original Latin text into Portuguese language.

In the western world the Protestant Christian Day School Movement is now a recognised element in education systems. It is a movement which has had phenomenal growth over the past twenty years and it continues to grow. Mostly, the parents of children who attend these schools were educated in a government school. This thesis seeks to find the reasons why parents are choosing Christian Schools and not government ones as they themselves attended. A variety of values are examined ; religious, academic and pastoral, and as the reader will discover, while it is not easy always to make a clear distinction between these values, some trends are so strong that the researcher believes that some valid conclusions may be drawn. A considerable amount of data was collected by the use of two surveys done at the Trinity Christian School at Wanniassa,and one survey conducted among parents of the O'Connor Christian School at Lyneham. The Biblical Values Survey provides an interesting over-view of the perceived achievement of a Christian School while the Choosing a School Survey clearly shows why these parents are dissatisfied with government schools and what they expect their child will gain from a Christian School experience. A computer analysis was done on one block of data which highlights the need for Christian School administrators to be aware of the various priority areas which do exist in the minds of the parents of their students.

La storia della Chiesa valdese nel secondo dopoguerra si inserisce nel filone di ricerca che ha come oggetto lo studio delle minoranze religiose in Italia. La vicenda delle minoranze evangeliche nel secondo dopoguerra si colloca nella storia più vasta della creazione dello Stato repubblicano, verso cui è aumentato l'interesse degli storici soprattutto a partire dagli anni novanta. il processo di reinserimento della Chiesa valdese nel dopoguerra fu complesso e problematico. Il tramonto definitivo dello Stato liberale, l'esperienza del fascismo scardinarono il quadro di riferimento politico e culturale entro cui si era sviluppata la presenza delle chiese evangeliche. Fu presto evidente che l'avvento dello Stato repubblicano, caratterizzato da una forte polarizzazione tra cattolici e comunisti, non avrebbe permesso un ritorno allo status quo anteriore al fascismo. In questo contesto, vanno inquadrati gli sforzi della Chiesa valdese di elaborare delle strategie volte ad ottenere un riconoscimento giuridico, culturale e religioso. / The history of the Waldesian Church after World War two is the object of a study on religious minorities in Italy. The Evangelical minorities and their vicissitudes after World War two belong to the wider history of the creation of the Republican State, which historians have been increasingly interested in especially from the nineties onwards. The process of reintegration of the Waldesian Church after the war was complex and troublesome. The final collapse of the Liberal State and the experience of fascism tore down the political and cultural framework where Evangelical Churches had developed. It was soon clear that the rising of the Republican State, characterised by a powerful polarisation between Catholics and communists, would not allow to return to the status quo before fascism. The efforts of the Waldesian Church to elaborate strategies aiming at a juridical, cultural and religious recognition, need to be placed in such a context.

In 1655 and again in 1686-1689, the Waldensians of Piedmont were massacred by the Duke of Savoy after he issued edicts forbidding the practice of their religion. The Waldensians were later followers of the medieval religious movement of the Poor of Lyons, declared heretical in 1215. The Waldensians associated with the Reformation in 1532, and thus formed a link with diverse groups of Protestants across Europe. In the periods immediately surrounding both massacres, an outpouring of publications dedicated to their plight, their history, and their religious identity appeared, a large number of which emerged in London. On both occasions, the propaganda gave rise to international sympathy and encouraged international intervention, eventually provoking the Duke to rescind the edicts that had instigated the massacres. While most contemporary scholars consider the Waldensians to have been fully absorbed into Protestantism after 1532, it is clear from the writings of both the Waldensians and their sympathizers that they considered themselves a separate entity: the inheritors of a long tradition of dissent from the Catholic Church based on their own belief in the purity of the Gospel. The Waldensian identity was based on a history of exclusion and persecution, and also on a belief that they had transmitted the true embodiment of Christianity through the centuries. The documents that were published surrounding the massacres address the legitimacy of the Waldensian identity based on centuries of practice. English and continental Protestants identified with the Waldensians, who provided ancient ties and legitimacy to their ‘new’ religion, and the Waldensians adopted that identity proudly, all the while claiming continuity. Protestants also used the Waldensians in propagandist documents, most often to justify political or religious actions and ideologies. The continuity of Waldensianism through the Reformation became crucially important for the wider umbrella of Protestantism as a legitimizing factor for the movement. This thesis investigates the claims of continuity and finds that while the Waldensians underwent a dramatic change in religious doctrine to conform to the Reformation, their belief in the continuity of their religious identity can be validated by examining religion from a socio-cultural perspective that takes aspects other than theology into consideration.

During Elijah Muhammad’s tenure as leader of the Nation of Islam, he launched an economic program that sought to empower black people in America. This study examines the perceptions and experiences of five individuals who were directly involved in Muhammad’s economic program using a phenomenological approach. The findings of this study revealed that this program helped them develop an identity, provided a way out of economic oppression, improved their work ethic, made them economically self-sufficient, and the pioneers believe that this program has current applications.

King Ngungunyana was the lord of the mighty Gaza Empire, covering most of the interior Mozambique south of the Zambezi and parts of present Zimbabwe, when the Portuguese in 1885 were requested by the Berlin Congress to accelerate their colonization. The small enclaves around certain port towns were no longer sufficient, in order to claim the territory as one's colony. "Effective occupation" was the new precept, leading very soon to conflict with King Ngungunyana and, in 1895, the defeat of the Gaza Empire. Thus began Portugal's factual colonization of Mozambique. A few years earlier, Protestant missionaries of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mission bad attempted to begin mission work within the Gaza Empire. Although invited by the King, the effort failed and the missionaries settled near the town of Inhambane, within the Portuguese realm. Catholic Missions, which had been successful during the previous centuries, had ceased to function in all Mozambique, as Religious Orders bad been prohibited since 1834. Seemingly, the arrival of Protestants to Inhambane and also to Lourenço Marques, however, stimulated the Catholic Church into action, and around 1890 new Missions were established "to combat the Protestant propaganda". Meanwhile, the American Board missionaries withdrew, and from 1893 we find American Methodists working in their stead. Part Two of the dissertation deals with the time of the Republic in Portugal, from 1910. Strongly anti-clerical, the Republicans enforced the separation of the Church from the State. This led to difficult times for the Catholic Missions in Mozambique, while it facilitated, somewhat, the task of the Protestants. However, the urge to "civilize the natives" gradually made the Republicans accept the Catholic Missions as "civilizing factors". The spirit of this period allowed for the development of the first Independent African Churches in Mozambique, as well as a first African attempt at political independence. Part Three, 1926-1960, pictures the firmer political grip of "0 Estado Novo", under dictator Antonio Salazar. Forced labour and oppression were the lot of the people, and the Portuguese Catholic Church became the "spiritual arm of the State". "Portugalization" was the new formula. This placed all education of the Africans into the bands of the Catholic Missions, simultaneously closing all Protestant village schools. The period is characterized by a "tug-of-war" between Catholics and the Protestants, who survived by experimentation with new methods and, paradoxically, grew in numbers. The final part of this dissertation, 1961-1974, deals with the Liberation Struggle of FRELIMO, and the Portuguese response. The Portuguese Catholic Church was still, unfailingly, supporting the political regime and its war efforts. Gradually, a growing force of opposition within the Church became courageously active. Meanwhile, Protestant Missions prepared for the future by "africanizing" their structures, and some were made to suffer for alleged subversion, before the "Carnation Revolution" in 1974 put a sudden end to war activities. I suggest that several elements within the Church history of Mozambique contributed to the negative attitude towards religion, which was displayed by FRELIMO during the first years of independence.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Queen's University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.

Dans le passé, la procédure de configuration de la conduite d'acteur social est confrontée à deux procédures, aussi controversées l'une que l'autre dans la sphère de la formation initiale de l'enseignement reformé de Madagascar. Les actions de légitimation sont effectuées par des procédures compartimentées. Chaque acte est soutenu par un héritage de parcelles de pratique civilisationnelle souvent en contradiction éthique avec d'autres formes de convictions théologico-idéologiques juxtaposées. En conséquence, ce déroulement crée une situation de dissension sociale. Cette situation évolue dans un climat social dominé par une caractéristique incertaine de spécificité civilisationnelle. Toute activité démarre avec un flou de cadre de conduite et se termine par un résultat d'action non -légitimée par le public de l'enseignement. Par conséquent, les résultats d'actions accumulées ne donnent pas une vraie légitimité à la " conduite d'acteur social ".C'est ainsi qu'apparait la nouvelle dynamique sociale générée par le processus de la civilisation osmotique. Elle crée une nouvelle configuration éthique civilisationnelle, cadre de légitimité de la " conduite d'acteur social ", Il convient de stabiliser un nouveau cadre de ralliement social. C'est une condition de réussite du changement social. Cette procédure commence par l'adoption d'un nouveau droit social : " le droit à la transculturalité ". S'il revient aux acteurs sociaux de décider par eux-mêmes et pour eux-mêmes leurs propres codes de légitimité collective, ils ne peuvent pas le réaliser sans entrer dans des valeurs transculturelles. La " conduite d'acteur social " ne se comprend en effet sans avoir sa place réelle dans l'accomplissement des causes patriotiques d'intérêt sociétal. Etant donné que cette condition de légitimation, vise tout autant à façonner une ascension sociale collective qu'individuelle. Ensuite, entrer dans un mécanisme de changement social ne se comprend, sans adoption des valeurs potentielles du fihavanana. Ce cadre de ralliement social authentiquement malgache, détermine la place de la " conduite d'acteur social " dans le rouage de la coresponsabilité et de la sociabilité. De toutes manières, la conduite d'acteur sociale aurait-elle un sens si elle n'apportait pas une action précise pour la collectivité ?