Despite the attention historians have given to the Revolutionary and Napoleonic eras in Central Europe, few works have sought to understand these events' reverberations throughout the nineteenth century in a local or regional context. Taking the northern German city of Hamburg as its focal point, this study investigates the change in the urban political culture affected by eight years of Napoleonic occupation. In the process of replacing Hamburg's sprawling and archaic government with one characterized by Gallic centralization and rigor, the French introduced a new style of politics that relied on consistent, public, and martial presentations of its authority. This public presence was heightened not only by the implementation of modern policing techniques, but also by a series of choreographed, ideologically-charged public spectacles whose effectiveness relied on a clever manipulation and politicization of urban space.

The topic of the thesis is women's emancipation movement in Žilina introduced on the basis of an example of local department of Slovak Women's Association Živena between 1918 and 1945. To start with, the thesis presents the situational context of the town in question and its surrounding regions as well as the Živena Association. It deals with the composition of the department's members and the ways it influenced the selection of adressees, the public's attitude towards the department and self-perception of members' role in the public sphere. The thesis analyses also the chosen strategies of the department's admission into the town's public space, external and internal reasons for choosing them and their success rate in the case of promoting women's emancipation thoughts among the local public.Considering the chosen time period, the thesis also focuses on the development of the studied topics influenced by political and social changes taking place in the region of current Slovakia in the covered time period.

Orientador: Caroline Kraus Luvizotto / Resumo: A pesquisa proposta pretende refletir sobre o papel do jornalismo em ambientes de conversação informais, com vistas à deliberação na esfera pública midiatizada. Para isso, foram criados dois ambientes de conversação informais, um na cidade de Coimbra, em Portugal, e outro em Ribeirão Preto, no Brasil. Cada ambiente teve como temática um caso de corrupção política e conteúdos jornalísticos foram oferecidos como suporte para a discussão entre os sujeitos. Para o trabalho, utilizamos como aporte teórico as teorias da midiatização de Braga e Stromback e teorias da deliberação e da esfera pública de Habermas, Maia, Avritzer e Marques. A proposta metodológica utilizada consiste na análise de ambientes deliberativos face-a-face proposta por Maia. A discussão foi dividida em duas etapas (antes e depois da inserção dos conteúdos), classificada e comparada. Também é utilizada metodologia de análise de enquadramento para obtenção de detalhamentos sobre os conteúdos jornalísticos oferecidos aos participantes, tendo em vista notar as marcas de influência na discussão sobre os casos. Também foi feita avaliação quantitativa do debate por meio da aplicação de questionários ao início e ao final da discussão, tendo em vista observar variações nos posicionamentos dos sujeitos. Por fim, foi realizada análise comparativa entre os resultados obtidos em solo português e em solo brasileiro, de acordo com metodologia de análise comparativa. Notou-se que houve mudanças de posicionamentos entre os part... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The proposed research aims to reflect on the role of journalism in informal conversation environments, with a view to deliberation in the mediatized public sphere. For this, two informal conversation environments were created, one in the city of Coimbra, in Portugal, and the other in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Each environment had as its theme a case of political corruption and journalistic contents were offered as a support for the discussion between the subjects. For the work, we use as a theoretical contribution the theories of the mediatization of Braga and Stromback; theories of deliberation and the public sphere of Habermas, Maia, Avritzer and Marques. The methodological proposal used is the analysis of face-to-face deliberative environments proposed by Maia. The discussion was divided into two stages (before and after the insertion of the contents), classified and compared. It is also used a framework analysis methodology to obtain details on the journalistic contents offered to the participants, considering notice the marks of influence in the discussion about the cases. A quantitative evaluation of the debate was also carried out through the application of questionnaires at the beginning and at the end of the discussion, in order to observe variations in the subjects' positions. Finally, a comparative analysis was performed between the results obtained in Portuguese soil and in Brazilian soil, according to the methodology of comparative analysis. It was noticed that the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

[pt] O presente estudo da Gestão Democrática no âmbito do Conselho Comunitário de Segurança Pública do bairro de Olaria – RJ visa identificar de modo geral, como se dá a interação entre os segmentos representantes da Segurança Pública e da Sociedade Civil, através da gestão compartilhada no espaço de atuação do CCS de Olaria. Os Conselhos Comunitários de Segurança Pública são considerados como uma variação dos Conselhos Gestores de Políticas Públicas, peças essenciais no processo de democratização, universalização e descentralização das Políticas Sociais. Portanto, considera-se que tais espaços, contribuem para a democratização da esfera pública, ao difundirem um novo paradigma de participação social, onde se estabelece a interlocução entre vários grupos sociais como forma de ampliar a participação dos segmentos com menos acesso ao aparelho de Estado. / [en] This study of the Democratic Administration in the Community Council of Public Security of the neighborhood of Pottery – RJ seeks to identify in general, how is the interaction between segments of Public Security and representatives of civil society through shared management within performance of the CCS Pottery. The public safety community councils are considered as a variation of the management boards of public policies, essential pieces in the process of democratization, decentralization and universalization of social policies. Therefore, it is considered that these spaces contribute to the democratization of the public sphere and disseminate a new paradigm of social participation, which establishes a dialogue between various social groups as a way of broadening the participation of the segments whit less access to the State apparatus.

[pt] O presente trabalho trata das peladas jogadas no Aterro do Flamengo, parque público na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a partir do trabalho de campo realizado com o Ellite Futebol Clube. Desde a inauguração, em 1965, criou-se uma identificação entre o Aterro e os peladeiros, já que com o crescimento da cidade, havia menos terrenos ou áreas livres para a prática amadora do futebol. As quadras do Parque também tinham o objetivo de suprir essa necessidade. Fundado em 1998, o Ellite é formado por amigos de colégio que vêem nas peladas jogadas todas as quartas-feiras uma forma de manter a amizade. É uma das diversas equipes que fazem dos campos do Aterro a sua casa. Jogam, segundo eles, uma pelada organizada, o que de certa forma contraria o imaginário de improviso e espontaneidade desta prática. As peladas aqui estudadas, a partir do exemplo do Ellite, têm características particulares, que nos fazem perceber como o espaço urbano público é rico em contraste, diversidade e conflitos. / [en] This work is about the pick up soccer games played at the Aterro do Flamengo, a public park at Rio de Janeiro, from fieldwork with Ellite Futebol Clube. Since its inauguration in 1965, it has been created an identification between the Aterro and the pick up soccer game players, especially because with the growth of the city there were less land or open spaces for the practice of the amateur soccer. The courts from the park had also the purpose to meet this need. Founded in 1998, Ellite is formed by college friends who see in the pick up games played all Wednesdays a way to keep the friendship. It is one of several teams that make the fields of the Aterro like their home and make that a space of sociability. They play, according to them, an organized pick up game, which somehow contradicts the imagination of improvisation and spontaneity of this practice. The pick up soccer games studied here, from the example of Ellite, have particular characteristics that make us realize how urban public space is rich in contrast, diversity and conflict.

Por facilitarem radicalmente a publicação online, os blogs configuram-se como uma das principais ferramentas de um novo panorama comunicativo baseado na participação efetiva de cidadãos das mais diferentes formações na produção de conteúdo. Para determinar se, nos dois meses que antecederam a eleição presidencial de 2006 no Brasil, o potencial de os blogs introduzirem novos atores na esfera pública efetivou-se, foi procedida uma análise do conteúdo dos principais jornais, revistas e portais do Brasil, além dos quatro blogs de maior destaque no período. Conclui-se que, estritamente no campo desta pesquisa, poucas novas vozes lograram superar a barreira da recepção. / For making online publication extremely easy, blogs are one of the most important tools of a new communication paradigm based on the effective participation of individuals from differente backgrounds in the production of online content. In order to determine blog\'s potential in introducing new actors in the public sphere, a series of content analysis were processed on he most important newspaper, magazines and websites, besides the four most influential blugs, during tha timeframe. The conclusion is, strictly in the universe of this research, few new voices could overcome the reception barrier.

A pesquisa examina o modelo de comunicação pública adotado pela CBC/Radio-Canada e as principais discussões nacionais e internacionais sobre a missão da mídia de serviço público no século XXI em busca de subsídios à construção de um modelo de serviço público adequado ao Brasil, com sustentabilidade financeira, autonomia editorial e administrativa, gestão profissional e compromisso social. O modelo jurídico-institucional da CBC/Radio-Canada é semelhante ao da Empresa Brasil de Comunicação (EBC), criada em 2008 com a proposta de prestação de serviço público apesar de fortemente ligada ao governo federal. Tal ligação suscita dúvidas quanto à possibilidade de uma empresa de comunicação atrelada ao Estado oferecer conteúdos sem ingerência política, com uma pauta voltada ao interesse coletivo e com gestão profissional, livre de paternalismos. Por meio de revisão de literatura e de entrevistas estruturadas com oito especialistas canadenses em mídia pública, conclui-se, a partir da experiência da CBC/Radio-Canada, que o modelo estatal pode ser eficaz desde que haja vontade política e grande vigilância por parte da sociedade. Mesmo assim, é um modelo imperfeito e vulnerável às alterações do clima político-partidário. Recomenda-se o aperfeiçoamento do modelo por meio de um maior envolvimento da sociedade nos conselhos administrativos e curadores. Conclui-se, ainda, a partir dos novos paradigmas da mídia de serviço público, que, no novo cenário midiático de múltiplas ofertas e múltiplos canais, os investimentos do Estado em comunicação só se justificam se as empresas públicas apresentarem conteúdo distinto do oferecido pelas comercias. Aponta-se como alternativa viável uma aproximação com os movimentos sociais e a transformação das emissoras públicas em fóruns plurais e democráticos de debate sobre temas coletivos e polêmicos negligenciados pelas grandes redes. / This thesis presents an assessment of the CBC/Radio-Canada´s public service broadcasting model and the main national and international discussions on the mission of the public media at the 21th century in search for contributions to the establishment of an adequate model for the Brazilian public media which will be able to guarantee financial sustainability, editorial and administrative independence, professional management and social commitment. The CBC/Radio-Canada´s juridical and institutional model is similar to the one adopted by the Empresa Brasil de Comunicação (EBC), founded in 2008 to offer distinctive public service despite strong links with the federal government. Such liaison brings doubts whereas is possible for a media company connected to the State to offer programs without political interference, with public interest content and professional management, free of protégées. Through literature revision and structured interviews with eight Canadian public media specialists and from the CBC/Radio-Canada´s experience, this research arrived to the conclusion that the state model can be efficient if there are political will and strong society´s vigilance. Even so the model is imperfect and vulnerable to the political mood. We suggest the model improvement through stronger society´s participation on the Directors Board. It is also possible to conclude that, in a media environment of multiple channels and multiple offers, the States´ investment in communication is only justified if the public media provides distinguished program. A close partnership with the social movements and the transformation of the public broadcasting service in a democratic and plural forum open to the debate of subjects neglected by the mainstream companies is appointed as a viable alternative for the survival and empowerment of the public broadcasting service.

[pt] Partindo do reconhecimento das crianças como atores sociais e considerando o Espaço como mediador das relações e formador da subjetividade humana, esta dissertação, realizada sob inspiração etnográfica, é um mergulho em uma pracinha da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O foco do estudo esteve voltado para os espaços destinados às crianças em nossa cidade e, o objetivo central foi pesquisar as relações entre crianças e adultos em um espaço público. Ao perceber as redes de significados que envolvem os freqüentadores da Praça Xavier de Brito, também conhecida como Praça dos Cavalinhos, este estudo pretende contribuir para o debate sobre a infância em diferentes contextos sociais, ajudando a pensar sobre o papel e o lugar das crianças na contemporaneidade. / [en] Based on the recognition of children as social actors and considering the space as a mediator of relations and having a forming effect on human sujectivity, this paper, written under ethnographic inspiration, is an immersion in a small public square in the city of Rio de Janeiro. This study focuses the spaces intended for children in our city and the main objective is to research in the relations between children and adults in a public space. Becoming aware of the meaningful networks that connect the habitual visitors of the Xavier de Brito public square, this paper intends to contribute towards the debate about the childhood in different social contexts, helping to think about the role and place of children in contemporaneousness.

The negotiations of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) triggered an unprecedented level of protests in the European Union (EU) in several member states. However, it was unclear whether the contestation of TTIP led to the Europeanisation of the national public spheres (Risse, 2010), given the general national fragmentation of the political debate in Europe (Koopmans and Statham, 2010a). This thesis analyses the debate and politicisation of TTIP in the Spanish, French and British media, and aims to answer two research questions. First, how and to what extent were national media discourses about TTIP Europeanised? Second, how does this type of Europeanisation of public spheres contribute to the democratic legitimacy of the EU? In order to answer the two research questions, an interdisciplinary theoretical framework has been put forward. Departing from the literature on the European public sphere (Koopmans & Erbe, 2004; Fossum & Schlesinger, 2007; Eriksen, 2005; Trenz, 2009) and the importance of analysing the Europeanisation of public spheres at the national level (Risse, 2010), the thesis argues that the literature often overlooks the role of conflict in the understanding of the public sphere. The gap in the literature has been addressed through a hybrid conceptualisation of the public sphere, combining a typically Habermasian deliberative approach with Chantal Mouffe’s ‘agonistics’. Empirically, the thesis undertakes a framing analysis of two different data sets through both qualitative and quantitative methods. The first data set is composed of press releases of a diverse group of EU-level political actors, in order to see what is the preferred framing of TTIP by different actors. The second is composed of the written articles dedicated to the TTIP negotiations in nine national news outlets (three from each selected country) in France, Spain and the UK, from the public announcement of the negotiations (February 2013) until the negotiations were officially frozen (November 2016). The actors’ discourse has been developed as a frame-mapping exercise undertaken inductively, identifying how different actors made sense of TTIP and put forward a number of competing frames. The findings of the empirical analysis of actors’ press releases indicate the attempt to strategically politicise or depoliticise the discussions around the TTIP negotiations, framed through different values by the different actors. These frames have been situated in categories, depending on whether they depoliticise TTIP, they challenge it in an agonistic or antagonistic way, or they focus on the negotiations as a process. The framing analysis of the media content on TTIP in the Spanish, French and British public spheres has revealed two separate chronological periods in the TTIP debate based on the presence of frames, measured through a framing ratio. The first period represents the traditional ‘permissive consensus’, while the second illustrates the agonistic politicisation of TTIP. Each national public sphere developed its own dynamics, which shows the importance that the national context has when discussing TTIP and Europe (Diez Medrano, 2003). However, while the Spanish, French and British public spheres have slightly different chronologies in their transitions from the first to the second period, there is a transnational coherence in terms of the frames of reference across the three countries. The findings of the media content analysis, particularly during the second period of the TTIP debate in the three countries, support the argument that there has been a Europeanisation of national public spheres that has happened in combination with a value-based and agonistic (Mouffe, 2013) politicisation. Rather than opposing the EU as a polity, the agonistic politicisation that has taken place in the case of TTIP has legitimised the EU by opening a space for the contestation of the negotiations, while accepting the EU as a political arena. The thesis argues that this agonistic Europeanisation of the national public spheres can lead towards an ‘empowering dissensus’ for European integration. The combination of agonistic politicisation and Europeanisation of public spheres is a process that matches ‘policy with politics’ at the EU level and normalises the EU as a polity by channeling conflict as politics in the Union rather than politics of the Union. / Doctorat en Information et communication / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Por meio da combinação entre abordagem teórica e prática artística, a pesquisa coloca em questão o modo como os públicos são compreendidos e geridos no âmbito institucional da arte, particularmente no contexto brasileiro. Para isso, adotamos a mediação cultural como locus de investigação e atuação propício à confrontação de enunciados oriundos dos diferentes agentes envolvidos nesse circuito, desde os gestores, curadores, artistas e educadores até os públicos, cujas discursividades e performatividades correspondem ao foco do nosso interesse. Problematizando as formas abstratas de classificação utilizadas para designar e endereçar os destinatários das ofertas institucionais e das práticas artísticas por elas difundidas, o trabalho se imbui da postulação de um estatuto alternativo para os públicos, entendidos aqui como formações emergentes de sujeitos políticos. Isso implica a articulação de referências e precedentes capazes de contribuir para o processo de constituição de outro regime de interação entre os agentes institucionais e aqueles que seriam os beneficiários de suas proposições de viés educativo. A saber, um regime favorável ao surgimento, ao debate e à repercussão das demandas sociais, políticas e culturais manifestas por esses indivíduos e coletividades. Materializada na dissertação, a face teórica da pesquisa reúne e analisa conceitos, problemáticas e exemplos caros ao exercício crítico em torno da condição de público e das iniciativas institucionais, mediativas e artísticas que se ocupam de diferentes modalidades de interação com suas audiências. Já a sua face artística lança mão de um procedimento documentário, elegendo como recorte um formato de atração, organização e condução de visitantes amplamente usado pelas instituições artísticas para intermediar o seu acesso aos bens artístico-culturais. Trata-se das visitas mediadas com grupos. O Diário do busão: visitas escolares a instituições artísticas funciona como um dispositivo de sondagem e tradução das formas de atuação dos estudantes da rede pública de ensino nos equipamentos de arte concentrados no centro expandido da cidade de São Paulo. Com isso, busca conferir linguagem, visibilidade e circulação às suas respostas a uma ação institucional representativa das políticas de democratização cultural. / Through the combination of theoretical approach and artistic practice, this research questions the way publics are understood and managed within the institutional framework of art, particularly in Brazil\'s context. To this end, we adopt cultural mediation as a locus of research and action that is conducive to the confrontation of statements from the different agents involved in this circuit, from managers, curators, artists and educators to the publics, whose discursiveness and performativity are the focus of our interest. By problematizing the abstract forms of classification used to designate and address the recipients of the institutional offers and the artistic practices they disseminate, this work is imbued with the postulation of an alternative statute for the publics, here understood as emergent formations of political subjects. This implies the articulation of references and precedents capable of contributing to the process of constitution of another regime of interaction between the institutional agents and those who would be the beneficiaries of their educationally-directed propositions. Namely, a regime favorable to the emergence, the debate and the repercussion of social, political and cultural demands that are manifested by these individuals and collectivities. Materialized in this dissertation, the theoretical face of the research brings together and analyzes concepts, problems and examples dear to the critical exercise around the condition of public and of the institutional, mediatic and artistic initiatives that deal with different modalities of interaction with their audiences. As for its artistic face, it uses a documentary procedure, choosing as approach a format of attraction, organization and conduct of visitors widely used by artistic institutions to mediate their access to artistic and cultural assets - in this case, mediated visits with groups. The Diário do busão: visitas escolares a instituições artísticas [The big bus diary: school visits to art institutions] works as a device for probing and translating the forms of acting of public school students in the art equipments in the expanded center of the city of São Paulo. With this, it seeks to confer language, visibility and circulation to their responses to an institutional action that is representative of the policies of cultural democratization.