Sociala medier har under senare år växt och blivit en integrerad del av människors vardag. Tillväxten i populariteten av sociala medier har resulterat i att många företag flyttar delar av sin marknadsföring till dessa plattformar i förhoppningen om att få en bredare och mer engagerad publik. En följd av det ökade intresset för marknadsföring på sociala medier har blivit att sponsra och samarbeta med personer som har ett stort antal följare, även kallade influencers, på sociala medie-plattformar såsom Instagram, Twitter och Youtube. Samtidigt som sponsring av influencers blir allt vanligare så ser vi också att influencerns publik, följare och andra intressenter, har börjat tröttna på det sponsrade materialet. Tidigare forskning på marknadsföring med hjälp av kända personer har visat att det finns ett negativt samband mellan mängden produkter som en känd person marknadsför och den kända personens source credibility. Forskarna fann i samband med studierna även att konsumentens köpintention och varumärkesattityd påverkades negativt. Vår studie ämnade därför dels till att undersöka om samma slutsatser går att dra för dagens influencers. Å andra sidan visar forskning att konsumentens relation till en känd person kan skilja sig från relationen till en influencer. Då konsumenter ofta upplever att de har en relation till de influencers som de följer på sociala medier kan detta påverka den minskade source credibility som annars skulle uppstå när en influencer publicerar en större mängd sponsrat material. Därför syftade denna studie även till att undersöka huruvida konsumentens intention och attityd påverkas av att konsumenten följer en influencer eller inte. För att kunna besvara studiens syfte och frågeställning genomfördes därför en experimentell studie på nätet. Deltagarna i studien slumpades in i en av två grupper där de exponerades för olika mängder sponsrat material. Experimentet avslutades med en enkät och grupperna jämfördes sedan för att se huruvida attityden gentemot influencern, köpintentionen och varumärkesattityden förändrades vid en större mängd sponsrat material. Enkäten möjliggjorde även vidare analys av hur attityder och intentioner påverkas av att konsumenten är följare eller inte. Resultatet visade att antal sponsrade inlägg som en influencer publicerar inte påverkar konsumentens köpintention, varumärkesattityd eller attityd gentemot influencern. Dock fann studien stöd för att en influencers source credibility påverkas beroende på om konsumenten är följare eller icke-följare, vilket i sin tur även påverkar konsumentens köpintention och varumärkesattityd. Vi fann även att source credibility påverkar köpintention och varumärkesattityd i båda fallen. Vi kan därmed dra slutsatsen att det är mindre viktigt för konsumenten hur många sponsrade inlägg en influencer publicerar. Det handlar snarare om huruvida man följer personen eller inte gällande hur konsumenten tar emot det sponsrade materialet. / Social media has in recent years grown and become an integrated part of people's everyday lives. The growth in popularity of social media has resulted in many companies moving parts of their marketing efforts to these platforms in the hope of getting a wider and more committed audience. An effect of the increased interest in social media marketing has been to sponsor people who have large numbers of followers, also called influencers, on social media platforms such as Instagram, Twitter and Youtube. While sponsoring influencers is becoming more common, we also see that the influencer audience has begun to grow tired of the sponsored material. Earlier research on celebrity marketing has shown that there is a negative relationship between the amount of products that a celebrity endorses and the endorser's source credibility. Researchers also found that the consumer's purchase intention and brand attitude were negatively affected. Our study therefore aimed to investigate whether the same conclusions can be drawn for influencers. On the other hand, research shows that the consumer's relationship with celebrity may differ from the relationship to an influencer. Because consumers often experience that they have a relationship to the influencers that they follow on social media, this can affect the reduced source credibility that would otherwise occur when an influencer publishes a larger amount of sponsored content. Therefore, this study also aimed to investigate whether the consumer's purchase intention and attitude is influenced by the consumer following an influencer or not.In order to answer the purpose of the study, an online experiment was conducted. Participants in the study were randomized into one of two groups where they were exposed to different amounts of sponsored material. The experiment was completed with a survey and the groups were compared to see if the attitude towards the influencer, purchase intentions and brand attitude changed when the participant was exposed to a larger amount of sponsored material. The survey also enabled further analysis of how attitudes and intentions are affected by the consumer being a follower or not. The result showed that the number of sponsored posts published by an influencer does not affect the consumer's purchase intention, brand attitude or the source credibility of the influencer. However, the study found that an influencer's source credibility was affected by whether the consumer is a follower or non-follower, which in turn also affects the consumer's purchase intention and brand attitude. We also found that source credibility affects purchase intention and brand attitude in both cases. We can therefore conclude that it is less important for the consumer how many sponsored posts an influencer publishes. It is more about whether the consumer follows the influencer or not, than about how the consumer receives the sponsored material. The following thesis is written in Swedish.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2017-04-04T18:02:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Solange Pukaro.pdf: 2200944 bytes, checksum: f955532ec42d2448438976bd89d7c367 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-04T18:02:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Solange Pukaro.pdf: 2200944 bytes, checksum: f955532ec42d2448438976bd89d7c367 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-10 / The study pointed the impact of Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro (2016) in the destination image and in the country image, and consequentently in the visit intention and in the purchase intention of produtcs made in Brazil. This subject is important, because all the media around the world had debated about Brazil and Rio Janeiro hosted the Olympic Games, due to the Political and Economic Crisis. By means of a longitudinal study with online survey, conducted two months before and two months after the Olympic Games with the same group of domestic tourist and foreign (n=837), the research show what is the change in country image and destination image, after the Olympic Games. The Olympic Games image and the Sport Motivation were analyzed as influencing elements in the Destination Image and in Country Image. Besides that, as the study was made with domestic tourists and foreign tourists as was posible analyze spatial distancing could change as the tourist typology as and showed some diferences in destination image and country image. There are 837 answers in total, 330 answers was domestic tourists in the first phase and in the second phase, 190 domestic tourists of this 330 answered the same questionarie. And 203 answers was from the group of international tourists in the first phase and 105 of this group answered in the second phase. All the data was analysed by the software smartPLS and the comparison was made by Test T Student. As a result of the study, the Sport Motivation had positive influence accepted in the event image, destination image and in the country image. The event image also had a positive relationship accepted with Destination Image and Country Image; just like Destination Image had positive influence in the Visit Intention. The Country Image and Destination Image also had positive influence in the purchase intention acceped by the test. Although, the country image hadn´t had a positive influence in the visit intetion and was rejected. In the end, was verified a positive change in the Country Image and Destionation Image, after the Olympic Games. The more interesting conclusion was that there weren´t change in Country Image to foreign tourists after the Olympic Games. As academic contribution, there are the analyse of the diferent impressions of Image as the change in the spatial distancing (following tourist typology) and the Sport Motivation influencing the Destination Image and Country Image. Besides the result, there were a management contribution, because the results could be the reason to host the Olympic Games due to the change in the Destination Image after the Olympic Game. Also, the research showed an Olympic Games operating model. / Este estudo avalia o impacto dos Jogos Olímpicos de 2016 do Rio de Janeiro, na imagem do destino, do país, e consequentemente na intenção de visita à cidade e na compra de produtos produzidos no Brasil. O tema é contemporâneo, já que as mídias em todo mundo discutiram o fato de o Brasil e o Rio de Janeiro sediarem os Jogos Olímpicos do Rio em 2016, isso por causa da crise política e financeira do país. A partir de uma pesquisa longitudinal, com questionário on-line aplicado dois meses antes e dois meses após os Jogos Olímpicos com os mesmos turistas domésticos e turistas estrangeiros (n= 837), buscou-se avaliar se houve mudança na imagem do país e na imagem do destino. A imagem dos Jogos Olímpicos e a motivação para o esporte foram analisados como agentes influenciadores na imagem do destino e do país. Com este estudo, ao promover uma pesquisa com os turistas domésticos e estrangeiros analisou-se, de acordo com o distanciamento espacial, se houve diferença na avaliação da imagem do destino e do país. Foram 837 respondentes no total, sendo 330 respondentes de turistas domésticos na primeira fase, desses 190 participaram da segunda fase. Já nos turistas internacionais, obteve-se 203 respondentes na primeira fase e 105 desses turistas voltaram a participar na segunda fase da pesquisa. Os dados da pesquisa foram analisados por Modelagem de Equação Estrutual pelo software smartPLS e a comparação de imagens foi realizada pelo Test T Student no software SPSS 20. Como resultado da pesquisa, tem-se que a motivação para o esporte teve influência positiva comprovada na imagem do evento, na imagem do destino e na imagem do país, assim como a imagem do destino teve influência positiva aceita na intenção de visita ao destino. A imagem do país e do destino também influenciaram positivamente a intenção de compra. Já a imagem do país não teve uma influência positiva comprovada na intenção de visita e sua hipótese foi não aceita. Por fim, comprovou-se que houve mudança positiva na imagem do país e destino após a realização dos Jogos Olímpicos. Um dos resultados da pesquisa aponta que não houve mudança da imagem do país após os Jogos Olímpicos por parte dos turistas estrangeiros. Como contribuição acadêmica tem-se a análise da diferença de elaboração da imagem de acordo com o distanciamento físico, seguindo a tipologia dos turistas e a influência da motivação com o esporte na imagem do destino e do país. De acordo com o resultado cria-se uma contribuição gerencial, já que fornece uma justificativa para sediar os Jogos Olímpicos pela melhoria de imagem.

隨著網路科技的發展，許多新興媒體隨之興起，直播服務即為其中之一，直播為現今品牌或者商家躍躍欲試的行銷溝通管道。直播服務有許多的應用方式，而當中「直播＋電商」為本研究所欲了解的應用，因直播電商近來廣受業界討論，也可看見許多品牌皆直播與消費者溝通以及導購，且許多品牌也都表示有良好的成效。直播電商即是透過直播服務在網路上進行商品的販售，其中主要組成的元素包括直播功能、直播主、直播內容以及閱聽眾，本研究希望能夠了解直播電商是如何能夠提升消費者購買意願以及對購買決策流程影響。 本研究將受訪者分為三組（前測、直播以及重播組），先讓受訪者共同觀看完直播電商節目後，再透過焦點團體訪談法深入瞭解其態度，研究結果歸納如下： 一、 購買意願 內容與直播主為直播電商關鍵成功因素，實用性價值高之內容、具專業性之直播主較能促使購買意願，而具知名度之直播主能吸引消費者注意以及提升購買意願，且當產品與直播主具有高度關聯性時較能說服消費者；直播功能對於消費者而言為附加價值，但是當消費者對於直播內容與直播主感到滿足、滿意時，直播功能能有效提升購買意願。 二、 購買決策流程 直播透過導購功能、互動功能能夠縮短消費者購買決策流程的資訊搜集以及評估方案階段。 根據研究結果，本研究提出實務建議以提供企業作為未來營運參考，亦提出研究建議作為未來研究參考。 / As the Internet Technologies continue to bloom and develop, many new media emerge. Of all, live streaming, has become the must try for brands and sellers nowadays. Among all the applications that live streaming brings, live streaming commerce, which is selling products through live streaming, is the focus of this study. The main components of live streaming commerce include live features, host, content and audiences. This study aims to understand the impact of live streaming commerce on consumers’ purchase intention and purchase decision-making process. To conduct focus group interviews, the study divided participants into three groups: 3 people in the pre-test, 5 people watching livestream, and 5 people watching video (same content as in the previous group but not live). Results and conclusions are summarized as below: The key successful factors of live streaming commerce are content and host. The content with high utilitarian value and the expert hosts are both significant to consumers’ purchase intention. Live streaming with popular hosts could capture consumers’ attention and enhance their purchase intention. Moreover, the live streaming hosts are more likely to persuade consumers into purchasing if the characteristics of live streaming hosts are strongly relevant to the products. Consumers regard functions of live streaming as additional value. Live streaming could effectively increase consumer purchase intention when the consumers are satisfied with the content and the performance of host in the live streaming. Live streaming commerce shortens the consumer decision making process through features of real- time text chatting and shopping guide. According the results, this study presents the practical recommendations to provide enterprises as a future operational reference, and propose research recommendations as a future study reference.

Eco-labeling is an important matter in the modern world, because of its relationship to the significant issues of the society, i.e. environmental and health care. More and more people pay great attention to the ‘green’ aspect of their lives. Many researchers, in their turn, unveil the topic devoted to the eco-labeling strategies in their academic papers.  However, there is a certain knowledge gap in the existing literature, which allowed the researchers of this paper to focus the study on consumers' preferences towards eco-labeled products and purchase intention in the context of cultural diversity. Cultural aspect might have the crucial effect and predetermine consumers’ behavior to some extent. Thus, for companies’ management it is highly important to be aware of cultural context of the country they are already operating in or only going to internationalize into. Prior to empirical data collection a literature review on eco-labeling, cultural diversity, and purchase intention were conducted, followed by the integration of gained information into the theoretical model. The theoretical model, developed by the authors, presents the research of the perceived association between consumers’ preferences, as presented by own health care and environmental care, and purchase intention under the impact of the moderating effect of national culture. In order to test the hypotheses formulated on the literature and model bases, primary data from respondents from three different countries (namely, the USA, Sweden, and Russia) and secondary data from existing literature were collected, the integration of which allowed getting some relevant conclusions and results. After the data collection and all the statistical process analyzing it, the researchers concluded that culture has an impact on the association of consumers' preferences and purchase intention of eco-labeled products, but this moderating effect varies in terms of the context of consumers' preferences and different cultural dimensions.

La presente investigación tiene como propósito encontrar la relación entre las promociones online a través de Instagram, Facebook y mailing en su relación con la intención de compra en el entorno offline. Para ello, se realizó un análisis mixto de carácter cualitativo y cuantitativo. Con respecto al análisis cualitativo, se realizaron entrevistas a expertos y un focus group al target. También se realizó un análisis cuantitativo bivariado a través de correlaciones mediante encuestas a 150 mujeres jóvenes entre 18 a 24 años, los datos fueron procesados utilizando un análisis de correlaciones. Como resultado se obtuvo que existe una relación más fuerte entre Instagram y la intención de compra y, en el caso de Facebook esta es más débil. Con respecto a la plataforma mailing se encontró que no existe relación con la intención de compra. Dichos resultados son de utilidad para el sector estudiado debido a que se ha podido conocer la opinión sobre qué tipo de red social es la más utilizada. De esta forma, las empresas deberían de comunicar sólo en redes sociales como Facebook e Instagram y descartar otras herramientas que son secundarias para el target, porque aparentemente las mujeres jóvenes no esperan este tipo de información como son las promociones de venta vía mailing. / The purpose of this research is to find the relationship between online promotions through Instagram, Facebook and mailing in relation to the purchase intention in the offline environment. For this, a mixed analysis of qualitative and quantitative character was carried out. With respect to the qualitative analysis, expert interviews and a focus group were conducted on the target. A bivariate quantitative analysis was also carried out through correlations through surveys to 150 young women between 18 and 24 years old, the results were analyzed using correlation analysis. From this, it has been found that there is a stronger relationship on Instagram than on Facebook with the purchase intention, in the case of the mailing it was found that there is no relationship with the purchase intention. These results are useful for the sector studied because it has been possible to know the opinion on what type of social network is the most used. In this way, companies should only communicate on social networks such as Facebook and Instagram and discard other tools that are secondary to the target, because apparently young women do not expect this type of information such as sales promotions via mailing. / Trabajo de investigación

El proceso de compra del consumidor es cambiante según sus necesidades y las nuevas tecnologías que aparecen constantemente. De ello provienen por ejemplo la multicanalidad y omnicanalidad, siendo esta última la evolución de la multicanalidad. La omnicanalidad se refiere a la presencia de una marca con el mismo mensaje, concepto y calidad de atención a través de todos los canales que tienen contacto con su público final. La omnicanalidad nace con el propósito de mejorar la experiencia del cliente sin interrupciones, dados los constantes desafíos para atender a los clientes de manera óptima. El propósito de este estudio es averiguar qué factores de la experiencia omnicanal son clave para impulsar la intención de compra. En esta investigación se usó el método cuantitativo. El instrumento de medición para medir las 5 dimensiones de la experiencia omnicanal (conectividad, integración, consistencia, flexibilidad, personalización) se desarrolló en base a la teoría propuesta por Hoehle & Venkatesh (2015). El instrumento fue validado por profesores y alumnos de doctorado que conocían el tema de investigación y un pre-test (Shi et al, 2020). Para realizar la encuesta se tomó una muestra de 400 personas pertenecientes a nuestro público objetivo. Estos deben ser hombres o mujeres de 20 a 45 años de edad del NSE A, B y C1, con un nivel de educación superior técnico o profesional. / The consumer buying process is changing according to their needs and new technologies that appear constantly. For example, multichannel and omnichannel come from this, the latter being the evolution of multichannel. Omnichannel refers to the presence of a brand with the same message, concept and quality of service through all the channels that have contact with its final audience. Omnichannel was created with the purpose of improving the customer experience without interruptions, given the constant challenges to serve customers in an optimal way. The purpose of this study is to find out which omnichannel experience factors are key to driving purchase intent. In this investigation, the quantitative method was used. The measurement instrument to measure the five dimensions of the omnichannel experience (connectivity, integration, consistency, flexibility, personalization) was developed based on the theory proposed by Hoehle & Venkatesh (2015). The instrument was validated by professors and doctoral students who knew the research topic and a pretest (Shi et al, 2020). To carry out the survey, a sample of 400 people belonging to our target audience was taken. These must be men or women between 20 and 45 years of age from SES A, B and C1, with a technical or professional higher education level. / Trabajo de investigación

En el presente trabajo de investigación se pudo conocer acerca de dos acciones de omnicanalidad brindadas por las tiendas minoristas de ropa; tales como, retargeting y chatbots, los cuales son utilizados durante la etapa de búsqueda de los clientes. Asimismo, se logró recopilar información sobre la estrategia omnicanal, los comportamientos web y la intención de compra. Para ello, se plantea ejecutar una encuesta a clientes de tiendas retailers de ropa que hayan realizado compras de manera virtual o física y que residan en Lima Metropolitana. / In this research, you will be able to know about two different actions of omnichannel strategy provided by fashion retail stores such as chatbots and retargeting used during the customer search stage. Likewise, it was possible to collect information on the omnichannel strategy, web behaviors and purchase intention. For this, it is proposed to carry out a survey of customers of clothing retail stores who have made purchases virtually or physically and who reside in Metropolitan Lima. / Trabajo de investigación

La alimentación que tienen las personas es cada vez más controlada a causa de la información que descubren por internet. Dentro del proceso de compra de estas existen factores de riesgo en la calidad percibida que afectan a la intención de compra en la categoría de untables dulces. Este estudio busca investigar a las madres modernas de 30 a 40 años que realizan compras en los supermercados y como estas se ven afectadas por los octógonos de advertencia que poseen los untables dulces. Las estadísticas demuestran como la categoría de untables está en actual crecimiento a pesar que cada vez más las personas buscan tener un estilo de vida saludable. Este artículo presenta como los factores afectan a la calidad percibida y su relación con la intención de compra en los supermercados premium en Lima Metropolitana. / The diet that people have is increasingly controlled because of the information they discover online. Within the process of buying these there are risk factors in the perceived quality that affect the purchase intention in the category of sweet spreads. This study seeks to investigate modern mothers between the ages of 30 and 40 who make purchases in supermarkets and how they are affected by the warning octagons that sweet spreads possess. Statistics show how the spreads category is currently growing despite the fact that more and more people seek to have a healthy lifestyle. This article presents how factors affect perceived quality and its relationship with purchase intention in premium supermarkets in Metropolitan Lima. / Trabajo de investigación

El sector retail se ha visto influenciado por el ecommerce, provocando que empresas del sector dirijan sus esfuerzos al Marketing digital. Dentro del estudio, se encontró que las ventas generadas por este canal tuvieron un aumento dentro de su portafolio. De igual forma, se encontró que el comportamiento del consumidor, en supermercados, era distinto al resto del sector, por lo que el Marketing digital si influía en su intención de compra, no obstante, el recorrido terminaba en la compra física. Por otro lado, en base a los autores recolectados en el estudio, se halló que el inbound Marketing desarrolla varias características que involucran a los esfuerzos de Marketing de contenidos; cuyo objetivo es atraer, adquirir y comprometer a un segmento del mercado. Asimismo, siendo los blogs, comunidades virtuales y aplicaciones; herramientas que influencian al consumidor a una intención de compra. / The retail sector has been influenced by ecommerce, causing companies in the sector to direct their efforts to digital Marketing. Within the study, it was found that the sales generated by this channel had an increase within its portfolio. Likewise, it was found that consumer behavior in supermarkets was different from the rest of the sector, so that Digital Marketing did influence their purchase intention, however, the journey ended in the physical purchase. On the other hand, based on the authors collected in the study, it was found that inbound Marketing develops several characteristics that involve content Marketing efforts; whose objective is to attract, acquire and engage a market segment. Also, being blogs, virtual communities and applications; tools that influence the consumer to purchase intention. / Trabajo de investigación

A través de la evolución de los formatos retail y las modalidades de venta, muchas marcas de moda juvenil de Lima Metropolitana han adaptado el formato de sus tiendas, en función a ofrecer una experiencia diferente e innovadora con el objetivo de generar mayor intención de compra. A partir de lo anterior, es que se decidió por realizar un análisis que busca conocer la relación entre las“Pop-up stores” con la experiencia de marca y la intención de compra. Esta, fue investigada por medio de un tipo de investigación correlacional concluyente, con el fin de obtener la relación entre las variables en las que se enfoca la investigación. Se elaboró un cuestionario dirigido a una muestra representativa, quienes han visitado o tienen conocimiento del formato de tienda en mención, cuyos resultados fueron analizados a partir de pruebas estadísticas correlacionales para validar las hipótesis planteadas en la investigación. / Through the evolution of retail formats and sales modalities, many youth fashions brands in Lima Metropolitana have adapted the format of their stores, in order to offer a different and innovative experience with the aim of generating greater purchase intention. Based on the above, it was decided to carry out an analysis that seeks to find the relationship between the "Pop-up stores" with the brand experience and the purchase intention. This was investigated through a conclusive correlational type of research, in order to obtain the relationship between the variables on which the research focuses on. A questionnaire was prepared for a representative sample, who have visited or knows about the pop-up store format, which had results that were analyzed from correlational statistical tests to validate the hypotheses raised in the research. / Trabajo de investigación