Branding and the management of brands has become a highly prioritized aspect for com-panies to maintain lasting competitive advantage and to provide meaning to consumption. Therefore companies have adopted an inside-out approach in order to manage their brand. The challenge with an inside-out approach is to align the internal brand identity,what brands communicate, with the external brand image, what consumers perceive. Therefore two questions are crucial to answer; how does the brand want to be perceived and how is the brand actually perceived? There is a risk that gaps occur in the communication of the brand, and these gaps are crucial to monitor and prevent for effective brand management. This paper proposes a method on how to measure and align brand identity and brand im-age, based on existing theories and models regarding brand management. The method is evaluated through a case study, where the difference between Happy Plugs’ brand identity and brand image is analyzed. The method was designed using Kapferer’s Brand Pyramid and Brand Identity Prism. Both qualitative and quantitative data is used to examine how wide the gap between Happy Plugs’ brand identity and brand image is. The Happy Plugs brand is solely used as a tool to apply the designed method and evaluate the validity of it. The findings show that a gap in brand identity and brand image does occur, at higher levels of the brand pyramid, or brand identity. The results from the case study indicate that the designed model is an effective tool in identifying and measuring possible gaps, and is a use-ful approach for companies who wish to align their brand identity with brand image.

Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka den aeroba fysiska aktivitetsnivån hos gymnasieungdomar på Bygg- och anläggningsprogrammet under skoldagar som innehöll teorilektioner, praktiska lektioner, idrottslektioner och raster. Frågan som ställdes var: Hur ser den fysiska aktivitetsnivån ut under teorilektioner, praktiska lektioner och lektioner i idrott och hälsa samt under raster hos gymnasieelever på Bygg- och anläggningsprogrammet. Metod I studien deltog 9 pojkar i åldern 16 år, längd 174-192cm och vikt 51-91kg. Den test som genomförts är 5 Minuters Pyramid Test (5MPT) och registrering av aerob fysisk belastning gjordes med hjärtfrekvensmätningar. 5MPT är ett skytteltest som är fem minuter långt, där försökspersonen tar sig fram och tillbaka mellan två stolpar och så snabbt som möjligt passerarfram och tillbaka över en vertikal pyramidformad trappramp (sträcka 5,5 meter). Antalet vändor, skattad ansträngning samt hjärtfrekvens (HF) registrerades. Utvecklad power (effekt) erhölls genom produkten av kroppsmassa, gravitation, antal vändor, höjd på högsta plinten (0,53 m) dividerat med total tiden i 5MPT. Utifrån 5MPT kunde beräknad VO2 max samt Power/kg (W/kg) beräknas för försökspersonen. Testet med hjärtfrekvensregistrering gick till så att eleverna under en skolvecka hela skoldagen bar en pulsklocka med förtejpad urtavla och ett elektrodbälte. De tryckte på händelsemarkering vid rast och när lektionen startade igen. Eleverna förde dagbok där de beskrev vad de gjort under dagen.  Resultat För samtliga försökspersoner kan man se en genomgående trend avseende fysisk belastningsnivå uttryckt som hjärtfrekvens vilket syns i följande resultat. Den högsta pulsen uppnåddes under idrottslektionerna med en genomsnittlig hjärtfrekvens på ca 140 slag/min, den näst högsta under de praktiska lektionerna med 94 slag/min. Därnäst följde rasterna med 83 slag/min och lägst utslag visades under teorilektionerna med en genomsnittlig hjärtfrekvens på ca 80 slag/min. Försökspersonerna utnyttjade ca 30 % av sin maximala syreupptagningsförmåga under de praktiska lektionerna. Slutsats Den här studien har visat att det är under undervisningen i idrott och hälsa och delvis på de praktiska lektionerna som en högre aktivitetsnivå mätt i hjärtfrekvens kan noteras hos försökspersonerna. Studien indikerar också att försökspersonerna utsätts för relativt hög fysisk belastning. Ca 30 % av den maximala syreupptagningsförmågan utnyttjas vid en skoldag med praktiska lektioner. / Aim The aim of the study was to investigate the aerobic physical activity level of high school students who study to become building workers during school days which consist of theory classes, practical classes, physical education classes and pauses. The question to be answered was: How was the aerobic physical activity level during theory classes, practical classes, physical education classes and pauses for high school students in a program for building workers. Method In this study participated 9 boys aged 16, length 174-192 cm and weight 51-91 kg. The test that has been carried out was 5 Minutes Pyramid Test (5MPT). In addition heart rate was measured during the school day. The 5MPT is a 5-minute-shuttle test, in which the participant moves back and forth in a short interval (5.5 m) over boxes (highest height 0.53 m) formed like a pyramid. Power in the pyramid test (5MPT POWER) was calculated as the product of numbers of laps, body mass, gravity and highest box level divided by time. From 5 MPT VO2 max and Power/kg (W/kg) were calculated for the participants. The participant’s heart rates were measured during a week the whole school day by means of a heart monitor with the monitor display taped over and an electrode belt. They pushed a button on the clock to mark when they had pauses and when the classes started again. The participants wrote in a diary what they had done during each day. Results The results show that for each of the participants the same trend considering aerobic physical load level expressed in heart rate in the following results. The highest pulse rate was obtained during the physical education lessons 140 beats/min followed by practical lessons 94 beats/min, pauses 83 beats/min and theory lessons 80 beats/min. The participants are using approximately 30 % of their maximal oxygen uptake during a day with practical lessons. Conclusions This study shows that it is during physical education lessons and to some extent during practical lessons in building construction, a higher activity level measured in heart rate can be noticed in the participants. The study indicates that the participants are exposed to a relative high physical workload. Roughly 30 % of maximal oxygen uptake is used during a day of practical lessons.

Thesis (MScEng (Industrial Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP) population are those individuals who live under the poverty line. They often do not have easy access to products and services, because the infrastructure to serve them is not in place and most organisations consider the challenges of the BoP overwhelming and unconquerable. The primary objective of this research is to develop a framework that guides an organisation through the design of a business model, which will allow them to expand into the BoP population Organisations face constant pressure to increase their market share and profits, and improve their performance in the current aggressive environment. To retain their competitiveness they have to look at unconventional and alternative markets. By recognising the BoP as a potential emerging market, organisations can increase their market share or enter new markets, thereby creating benefits for organisations and the BoP alike. The reasons why organisations fail when targeting the BoP market are also identified in this research. These reasons include aspects like organisations making assumptions about the BoP, not understanding the BoP, not knowing how to approach the BoP market and being ignorant in designing a business model tailored for the BoP market. This research addresses the difficulties organisations face when they want to target the BoP by developing a framework that allows an organisation to successfully target the BoP population. This framework also fulfils the secondary objective of this research, which is to adhere to the three goals of Sustainable Development: • Fair treatment of all people: Giving all people, regardless of their level in the economic pyramid, equal access to products and services. This is the foundation for social equity. Including the BoP in economic activity by overcoming the constraints the BoP face; • To not degrade the environment through sustainable design; • Economic growth and development to ensure the organisation makes a profit. Four primary research fields – Sustainable Development, Bottom of the Pyramid literature, Business Models and Blue Ocean Strategy – were investigated and then aspects of these fields were merged to form the Business Model Development Strategy. This framework offers a systematic approach for organisations to first analyse and understand all aspects of the BoP and their environment, and then develop a business model that fulfils the core requirements of the BoP. It was found that if organisations want to successfully target the BoP, they have to fulfil the 4 A’s – Acceptability, Awareness, Availability and Affordability – which are the core needs and requirements of the BoP. Using the Business Model Development Strategy as guideline, organisations can design a business model that minimises the risk of failure when they target the BoP, while maintaining the principles of Sustainable Development. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die term Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP) verwys na diegene in die bevolking wie ‘n bestaan voer onder die armoedelyn. Vanweë die feitdat die nodige infrastruktuur nie aan hul behoeftes voldoen nie, en ook dat meeste organisasies hul uitdagings as oorweldigend en selfs onoorkombaar beskou, het die BoP bevolkingdikwelsnietoegang tot sekeredienste en produktenie, Die primêre doel van hierdie navorsingstuk is om ‘n raamwerkte skep wat organisasies deur ‘n unieke ontwerp van ‘n besigheids model sal lei. Hierdie model sal organisasies in staat stel om hul dienste uit te brei en sodoende ook die BoP bevolking te bereik. Organisasies ervaar gedurig druk om hul markaan deel en wins tevergroot en omtefloreer in onstuimigeekonomieseklimaat. Om hul mededingendheid te verseker, moet organisasies hul blik werp na ongewone en alternatiewe markte. Deur die BoP as ‘n potensiële ontluikende mark teerken, kan organisasies hul markaandeel vergroot, of selfs nuwe market betree en in die proses voordele skep vir organisasies sowel as die BoP. Hierdie navorsingstuk sal ook die redes ondersoek waarom organisasieson suksesvol is wanneer hulle die BoP mark betree; hierdie redes sluit in, ondermeer, dat organisasies aannames maak oor die BoP, hierdie mark glad nie verstaan nie, onbekwaam is wanneer hulle die BoP mark betree en nie weet hoe om ‘n besigheidsmodel te ontwerp spesifiek vir die BoP mark nie. Die navorsing vervat in hierdie tesis oorbrug die struikel bloke wat organisasies in die gesig staar wanneer hulle die BoP mark wil betree, deur die ontwerp van ‘n raamwerk wat sulke organisasies in staat stel om die BoP bevolking suksesvol te betree. Hierdie raamwerk voldoen ook aan die sekondêre doel van hierdie navorsingstuk, om die drie uitgangs punte van Volhoubare Ontwikkeling te ondersteun: • Die regverdige behandeling van alle mense: om aan alle mense, ongeag hul posisie binne die ekonomiese piramide, gelyke toegang te gee tot produkte en dienste. Hierdie is die beginsel van sosiale billikheid. Om verder die BoP in te sluit in ekonomiese aktiwiteite deur aan hul behoeftes te voorsien; • Om, deurmiddel van volhoubare ontwerp, geen skade aan die natuurlike omgewing aan te bring nie; • Om ekonomiese groei en ontwikkeling aan te moedig om te verseker dat die organisasie telkens ‘n wins maak Vier primêre navorsings gebiede – Volhoubare Ontwikkeling, ‘Bottom of the Pyramid’ literatuur, Besigheids modelle en ‘Blue Ocean’ Strategie – was ondersoek en bymekaar gebring om die Business Model Development Strategie te ontwikkel. Hierdie raamwerk bied ‘n sistematiese benadering aan organisasies om, eerstens, alle aspekte van die BoP en hul omgewing te analiseer en te verstaan, en omvervolgens ‘n besigheidsmodel te ontwikkel wat aan die kern vereistes van die BoP sal voldoen. Daar is bevind dat, indien organisasies suksesvol die BoP wil betree, hulle aan vier kern vereistes moet voldoen – Aanvaarbaarheid, Bewustheid, Beskikbaarheid en Bekostigbaarheid. Hierdie aspekte vorm die kern benodigdhede en vereistes van die BoP. Deur die Business Model Development Strategie as riglyn te gebruik, kan organisasies ‘n besigheidsmodel ontwerp wat die risiko van mislukking sal minimaliseer wanneer hulle die BoP mark betree, terwyl dit die beginsels van Volhoubare Ontwikkeling ten volle ondersteun.

The aim of this thesis is to re-evaluate and re-discuss sealings that were uncovered during the excavations of the pyramid temple of King Raneferef in Abusir, resp. those which are kept in the collections of the Náprstek Museum in Prague. It deals with the general typology of cretulae and the method of their documentation and it tries to assess sealings under study in regard to the former typology. The second part of the work attempts to find details regarding the activity and authority of officials who were using seals in connection with the operation of the pyramid complex of King Raneferef. This was attempted by a search for recurrent seal designs attested on fragments of cretulae found in the area of the pyramid complex and by a study of the properties of their seal holders and their activity, areas where the fragments of sealings were found, titles that were attested on their sealings, and kinds of objects that were sealed by their seals.

ALMENDRA, Débora Helena Lemos da Fonseca. Padrão nutricional e alimentar dos integrantes de grupos da melhor idade das cidades de Fortaleza, Itapipoca e Jijoca de Jericoacara - Ceará. 2007. 94 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Fortaleza-CE, 2007 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-06-02T12:57:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_dhlfalmendra.pdf: 1841869 bytes, checksum: dd037c8dc499685211a30bb5e293fd0f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-06-02T12:57:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_dhlfalmendra.pdf: 1841869 bytes, checksum: dd037c8dc499685211a30bb5e293fd0f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T12:57:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_dhlfalmendra.pdf: 1841869 bytes, checksum: dd037c8dc499685211a30bb5e293fd0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / The increase of the aged life expectancy and the population of in all the countries and especially in the developing countries, has motivated the interest of on professionals to the health for the people of more advanced age. The group that more grows in the Brazilian population is above of 60 years, represents an important force politics, social and economic, and with this it has called the attention of professionals of diverse areas and also of the government. This work has for objective to delineate the nutritional and alimentary standard of integrant of groups of the best age. The participants of 05 groups of the Best Age (03 groups of the city of Fortaleza, 01 of the city of Itapipoca and 01 of the city of Jijoca de Jericoacora) had been invited both sexs, with rule to chosen teams. Fist became full filled a partner-economic inquiry, an inquiry for evaluation of the health conditions, anthropometric study by the Index of Corporal Mass (ICM) and Relation Waist/Hip, anamnese to feed, for qualitative analysis of the diet of the group of foods of the Alimentary Pyramid. The arterial pressure and the hair glicemia in jejum only of the club of better age of the city of Jijoca de Jericoacoara had been collected. To participate of the second phase, they had been submitted to the mini-mental test to know the cognitive capacity for the auto-register of the recordatório alimentary inquiry 24-hour. An inquiry for evaluation of the nutritional health was carried through. In the total aged searched of both the sex had been 144, 65 had gotten prop up to participate of 2º phase, only 34 had concluded 2ª phase. The biggest band is of 60 the 79 years, the majority of the feminine sex, 72.9% is dedicated to one alone club, majority has incomplete the basic level, 81.9% pensioners, 78.5% develops remunerated activities, wage income of approximately 1-3 minimum wages; 78.3% in habit in proper house; 59.7% to make physical activity, frequency of 2 -3 time per week; 40.3% are sedentary, 18% are carrying of High arterial pressure, 11.5% carriers of constipation and 10.6% carriers of osteoporosis; 12.5% of smokers and 13.2% of alcoholic beverage consumers. The made physical activity without professional accompaniment (65.1%), lack of orientation with regard to nutrition and health (64.6%); 69.4% take medicines, 31% since medicines are of antihypertensives; 67.4% had suffered surgeries; 32.8% of the aged ones only go to the doctor when they are sick, 55.6% to use the public health service. They had been identified high of the glicemia and high cardiac risk; good cognitive level, demonstrating integrity of the brain functions; one proved that the religion does not intervene with the choice of foods; foods rejected for pathology reason had the same had profile of foods rejected for professional orientation, foods that had been rejected by unpleasantness of the palate (rice, chicken and fruits), also had been consumed in the diet. In the evaluation of the alimentary standard, coffee and fruits are consumed foods more in coffee-break, the fruits are consumed mainly in the light meal (snack of the morning); rice and beans in the schedule of the lunch; to the afternoon: coffee and juice with or without complement more are used, the supper are composed of feeding lights or liquid , many aged ones were not fed in the schedule of after the supper. The anthropometric evaluation of the ICM the majority was normal classified. The test of the nutritional health disclosed that it has to change some habits, to consult a doctor or nutritionist, to look the support of the family or to look aid next to programs of assistance for third age. / O aumento da expectativa de vida e da população de idosos em todos os países e especialmente nos países em desenvolvimento, tem motivado o interesse dos profissionais ligados à saúde pelas pessoas de idade mais avançada. O grupo que mais cresce na população brasileira é a faixa etária acima de 60 anos, representa uma importante força política, social e econômica, e com isso tem chamado a atenção de profissionais de diversas áreas e também do governo. Este trabalho tem por objetivo delinear o padrão nutricional e alimentar de integrantes de grupos da melhor idade. Foram convidados os participantes de 05 grupos da Melhor Idade ( 03 grupos da cidade de Fortaleza, 01 da cidade de Itapipoca e 01 da cidade de Jijoca de Jericoacora ) de ambos os sexos, selecionados aleatoriamente. Realizou-se um inquérito sócioeconômico, um inquérito para avaliação das condições de saúde, estudo antropométrico através do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e Relação Cintura/Quadril, anamnese alimentar, para análise qualitativa da dieta do grupo de alimentos da Pirâmide Alimentar. Foram coletadas a pressão arterial e a glicemia capilar em jejum apenas do clube de melhor idade da cidade de Jijoca de Jericoacoara. Para participar da segunda fase, foram submetidos ao teste mini-mental para se delinar a capacidade cognitiva para o auto-registro do inquérito alimentar recordatório de 24 horas. Foi realizado um inquérito para avaliação da saúde nutricional. No total foram 144 idosos pesquisados de ambos os sexos, 65 obtiveram escores para participar de 2º fase, apenas 34 concluíram a 2ª fase. A maior faixa etária é de 60 a 79 anos, a maioria do sexo feminino, 72,9% são dedicados a um só clube, maioria tem o nível fundamental incompleto, 81,9% aposentados, 78,5% desenvolvem atividades remuneradas, renda salarial de aproximadamente 1 a 3 salários mínimos; 78,3% residem em casa própria; 59,7% fazem atividade física, freqüência de 2 a 3 vezes por semana; 40,3% são sedentários, 18% são portadores de Hipertensão, 11,5% portadores de constipação e 10,6% portadores de osteoporose; 12,5% de fumantes e 13,2% de consumidores de bebidas alcoólicas. A atividade física feita sem acompanhamento profissional (65,1%), falta de orientação com relação a nutrição e saúde (64,6%); 69,4% tomam medicamentos, 31% destes medicamentos são de anti-hipertensivos; 67,4% sofreram cirurgias; 32,8% dos idosos só vão ao médico quando estão doentes, 55,6% utilizam a rede de saúde pública. Foram identificados alta da glicemia capilar e alto risco cardíaco; bom nível cognitivo, demonstrando integridade das funções cerebrais; comprovou-se que a religiosidade não interfere na escolha dos alimentos; alimentos rejeitados por motivo de patologia tiveram o mesmo perfil dos alimentos rejeitados por orientação profissional, alimentos que foram rejeitados por desagrado do paladar ( arroz, frango e frutas), também foram os mais consumidos na dieta. Na avaliação do padrão alimentar, café e frutas são alimentos mais consumidos no desjejum, as frutas são as mais consumidas principalmente na colação (lanche da manhã); arroz e feijão no horário do almoço; à tarde: café e suco com ou sem complemento são mais utilizados, o jantar é composto de alimentação branda, líquidas ou pastosas, muitos idosos não se alimentavam no horário da ceia. Na avaliação antropométrica do IMC a maioria foi classificada com eutrofia. O teste da saúde nutricional revelou que há necessidade de mudar alguns hábitos, consultar um médico ou nutricionista, procurar o apoio da família ou procurar ajuda junto a programas de assistência para terceira idade.

abstract: With the advent of Internet, the data being added online is increasing at enormous rate. Though search engines are using IR techniques to facilitate the search requests from users, the results are not effective towards the search query of the user. The search engine user has to go through certain webpages before getting at the webpage he/she wanted. This problem of Information Overload can be solved using Automatic Text Summarization. Summarization is a process of obtaining at abridged version of documents so that user can have a quick view to understand what exactly the document is about. Email threads from W3C are used in this system. Apart from common IR features like Term Frequency, Inverse Document Frequency, Term Rank, a variation of page rank based on graph model, which can cluster the words with respective to word ambiguity, is implemented. Term Rank also considers the possibility of co-occurrence of words with the corpus and evaluates the rank of the word accordingly. Sentences of email threads are ranked as per features and summaries are generated. System implemented the concept of pyramid evaluation in content selection. The system can be considered as a framework for Unsupervised Learning in text summarization. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Computer Science 2015

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-03-01T13:54:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 6998873 bytes, checksum: 278430b473952e3ef68aa7673cfd1dd7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Clebson Anjos (clebson.leandro54@gmail.com) on 2016-03-09T22:28:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 6998873 bytes, checksum: 278430b473952e3ef68aa7673cfd1dd7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Clebson Anjos (clebson.leandro54@gmail.com) on 2016-03-09T22:30:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 6998873 bytes, checksum: 278430b473952e3ef68aa7673cfd1dd7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-09T22:30:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 6998873 bytes, checksum: 278430b473952e3ef68aa7673cfd1dd7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The bottom of the social pyramid in Brazil concentrates many people. Innovating the services offered to them means including consumers that were neglected or would otherwise remain poorly assisted by the existing offers, thus potentializing business opportunities to firms that are seeking a new market. In this context, this research aimed to analyze how companies are dealing with service innovation to cater to consumers at the bottom of the pyramid. More specifically, it aimed to identify the innovations adopted by firms, classify the types of innovation and propose a framework to better explain them. Methodology included multiple case studies; three firms that offer services to such public. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews, direct observations and documents. Data for each case was both individually analyzed and cross-examined. Results showed that in order to serve the bottom of the pyramid firms have developed market and process innovations, and also implemented – throughout their trajectories – improvement innovation, incremental innovation and formalization innovation. Through the transilience map it was possible to notice that two out of the three firms studied developed new competencies to match the needs of the bottom of the pyramid. In addition, it is understood that there may be an alignment between the transilience map and the disruptive innovation concepts. The three firms showed partial or total adherence to the proposed framework; in some cases, there was a need to change the type of service offered. It was concluded that although disruptive innovations are aimed at a low income consumers it takes more than just those to serve this public. Furthermore, in the cases analyzed, the service sector possesses an innovation dynamics that is contrary to the technical approach, since technology is not the major driver for innovation. However, this element becomes a support that allows for constant improvement in the service offered. / No Brasil há um grande número de pessoas concentradas na base da pirâmide social. Inovar em serviços para atendê-las, significa incluir consumidores que foram deixados de fora ou permaneceriam mal acolhidos pelas ofertas já existentes, potencializando oportunidades de negócios para empresas que buscam um novo mercado. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu em analisar como empresas estão lidando com as inovações em serviços para atender aos consumidores da base da pirâmide. Especificamente, buscou-se identificar as inovações empreendidas pelas empresas; classificar os tipos de inovação e propor um framework que melhor explique as inovações executadas. Utilizou-se estudo de casos múltiplos como estratégia metodológica, abordando três empresas que ofertam serviços direcionados a tal público. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, observações diretas e documentos. A análise dos dados para cada caso foi empreendida de forma individual e cruzada. Os resultados evidenciaram que, para atendar à Base da Pirâmide, as empresas têm desenvolvido inovações de mercado e de processo e empreendido também, ao longo de suas trajetórias, inovações de melhoria, incrementais e formalizadoras. Por meio do Mapa de Transiliência foi possível perceber que dois dos três casos estudados desenvolveram novas competências para atender à base da pirâmide. Além disso, compreende-se que seja possível o alinhamento entre o mapa de transiliência e os conceitos de inovação de ruptura. Nas três empresas pesquisadas observou-se a aderência parcial ou total ao framework proposto, havendo, em alguns casos, a necessidade de modificações que estão relacionadas ao tipo de serviço prestado. Conclui-se que, apesar de inovações disruptivas estarem direcionadas a um público de baixa renda, as mesmas não são unicamente necessárias para atendê-lo. Ademais, nos casos analisados, o setor de serviços possui uma dinâmica de inovação que vai, muitas vezes, de encontro à abordagem tecnicista, não sendo a tecnologia o maior propulsor para a inovação. Todavia, esse elemento se torna um suporte que permite a melhoria constante do serviço prestado.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-03-01T12:07:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1517470 bytes, checksum: 82c51113e78f5a6951f3489d5194e699 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Clebson Anjos (clebson.leandro54@gmail.com) on 2016-03-09T22:45:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1517470 bytes, checksum: 82c51113e78f5a6951f3489d5194e699 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Clebson Anjos (clebson.leandro54@gmail.com) on 2016-03-09T22:53:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1517470 bytes, checksum: 82c51113e78f5a6951f3489d5194e699 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-09T22:54:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1517470 bytes, checksum: 82c51113e78f5a6951f3489d5194e699 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Due to environmental degradation, stemming mainly from increased consumption and industrial activities, since the 1960s, organizations are aiming for a narrowing between technological progress and the promotion of social and environmental well-being. With the growing concern for the environment, sustainable management has become a key differentiator and thus organizations seek, through innovation in products and services, meet the new market demands. However, efforts directed towards efficient environmental management are typically driven by the demands of established markets. Nevertheless, Hart and Christensen (2002) argue that emerging markets, also known as "base of the pyramid", represent great business opportunities, as they are considered ideal for welcome new environmentally friendly technologies and high impact. In this sense, the purpose of this dissertation was to analyze the sustainable innovations developed by Brazilian organizations to the base of the pyramid. Specifically, by characterizing the sustainable innovations aimed at the base of the pyramid developed by Brazilian organizations; identifying the determinants of sustainable innovations to the base of the pyramid markets; justifying the reasons for the adoption of sustainable innovations aimed at the base of the pyramid considering the perspective of the Institutional Theory. The analysis of data was through descriptive analysis of multiple case study, which is commonly suggested by authors to fill gaps in empirical contribution. Data analysis was carried out individually and cross-case. Based on the characterization found, the results show that at the national level, sustainable innovations developed for the bottom of the pyramid are still in an incipient moment, because although they provide small benefits under social and environmental point of view, they do not produce large impacts on society as a whole. It was also verified the existence of determinants that stimulated the development of these innovations in the cases studied such as regulations, incentives, base of pyramid market, specific firm factors and sustainable technology. These findings served to delineate the mechanisms of institutional isomorphism present in the analyzed cases. It was found that the coercive isomorphism is still very dominant, being the predominant reason for the adoption of sustainable innovations in the bottom of the pyramid, followed by mimetic isomorphism. / Devido ao processo de degradação do meio ambiente, decorrente sobretudo da intensificação do consumo e atividades industriais, desde os anos 60 procura-se um estreitamento entre o progresso tecnológico e a promoção do bem estar socioambiental. Com a crescente preocupação com o meio ambiente, a gestão sustentável tornou-se um diferencial importante e com isso as organizações procuram, através das inovações de produtos e serviços, atender as novas demandas do mercado. Os esforços dirigidos para gestão socioambiental eficiente são normalmente impulsionadas pelas demandas de mercados estabelecidos. Contudo, Hart e Christensen (2002) afirmam que os mercados emergentes denominados de “base da pirâmide” representam ótimas oportunidades de negócios, uma vez que são considerados ideais para recepcionar novas tecnologias ambientalmente amigáveis e de alto impacto. Neste sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as inovações sustentáveis desenvolvidas por organizações brasileiras para a base da pirâmide. Especificamente, caracterizar as inovações sustentáveis voltadas para a base da pirâmide desenvolvidas por organizações brasileiras; identificar os determinantes das inovações sustentáveis para os mercados da base da pirâmide; justificar as razões da adoção das inovações sustentáveis voltadas para a base da pirâmide sob ótica da Teoria Institucional. A análise dos dados ocorreu de forma descritiva. Dentre as estratégias de pesquisas, optou-se pelo estudo de casos múltiplos, a qual é comumente sugerida por autores da temática como forma de preencher lacunas da contribuição empírica. A análise dos dados foi feita de forma individual e cruzada dos casos. Os resultados apontam que no âmbito nacional, as inovações sustentáveis desenvolvidas para a base da pirâmide estão ainda em um momento incipiente, visto que embora proporcione pequenos benefícios sob ponto de vista socioambiental, não produzem grandes impactos na sociedade como um todo. Foi possível verificar também a existência de determinantes que estimularam o desenvolvimento dessas inovações nos casos estudados, sendo eles fatores como regulamentações, incentivos, mercado na base da pirâmide, fatores específicos a firma e tecnologia sustentável. Esses achado serviram para delinear os mecanismos de isomorfismo institucionais presentes nas organizações. Dessa forma, constatou-se que o isomorfismo coercitivo ainda é muito dominante, sendo o motivo predominante para adoção das inovações sustentáveis na base da pirâmide, seguido pelo isomorfismo mimético.

Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2017-06-08T12:53:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 5395941 bytes, checksum: 8db3051801fa0d6b03098c592043acc8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2017-06-08T13:22:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 5395941 bytes, checksum: 8db3051801fa0d6b03098c592043acc8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-08T13:22:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 5395941 bytes, checksum: 8db3051801fa0d6b03098c592043acc8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-22 / This study aims to present alternative didactic that facilitate and make possible the teacher, the student of mathematics and the student’s primary education, learning methods to justify and demonstrate the validity of the formula for the volume of the pyramid. It proceeds to approach these reasons and demonstrations within orders prospects for geometric, algebraic and ludic when calculating formula of volume of the pyramid. Therefore, in five chapters, we discuss the historical aspects and algebraic pyramid,a survey of teachers on how we approach the volume of the pyramid in the classroom. There are some of the main methods used to demonstrate the validity of the formula for the volume of the pyramid. Solid material was used as a tool to verify intuitive formula for the volume of the pyramid, and finally we have presented some problems involving the subject in this pyramid education. / Nesse trabalho, objetiva-se apresentar alternativas didáticas que facilitem e possibilitem ao professor, ao aluno de matemática e ao aluno do ensino básico, o aprendizado de métodos de justificar e demonstrar a validade da fórmula do volume da pirâmide. Procede-se a uma abordagem dessas justificativas e demonstrações dentro de perspectivas de ordens geométrica, algébrica e lúdicas no cálculo da fórmula do volume da pirâmide. Assim, em cinco capítulos, discorre-se acerca dos aspectos históricos e algébricos da pirâmide. Realizamos uma pesquisa com professores sobre como é abordado o volume da pirâmide em sala de aula. Apresentamos alguns dos principais métodos usados para demonstrar a validade da fórmula do volume da pirâmide. Usamos o material concreto como ferramenta para verificação intuitiva da fórmula do volume da pirâmide, e, finalmente apresentamos alguns problemas que envolvem o estudo do tema pirâmide presentes no ensino básico.

Submitted by MARCIA ROVADOSCHI (marciar@unifra.br) on 2018-08-20T14:05:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_AnneDesconsiHasselmannBettin.pdf: 6830368 bytes, checksum: 4712e0aa466d9547485849c71a6c27de (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T14:05:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_AnneDesconsiHasselmannBettin.pdf: 6830368 bytes, checksum: 4712e0aa466d9547485849c71a6c27de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-16 / The present work is the result of a research done with students of the third year at Polytechnic High School, a public state school. The aim of this research was to analyze the contents of pyramids through a generative problem, in order to analyze the mobilization of the Semiotic Representation Registers from the trunk of the pyramid with the use of 3D Geogebra. It emphasizes its qualitative and exploratory character, searching for relevant information through the analysis of the students' registers, both in the paper and in the use of Geogebra 3D software, in which mathematical concepts were represented in different forms of representation of the same mathematical object. The research was based on Duval's Registers of Semiotic Representations through the combination of diversified activities and the different registers of semiotic representations. The activities were divided into three stages, in which the student's previous knowledge was analyzed in stage I; In stage II, the student's records and reasoning with the manipulable material and, in stage III, the student's records and reasoning with the use of the Geogebra 3D software, which part of the understanding of the concrete material for the use of the technologies by middle of Geogebra 3D. The results showed that the proposed activities contributed to the revision of basic concepts of geometry, to the construction and comprehension of new concepts, in the visualization of the object in different forms of representation, where 3D Geogebra allowed to remember and to discover elementary concepts of flat and spatial geometry in a more attractive form, stimulating visualization and learning, showing a strong indication that the study of the pyramids attracted attention and was motivating for this construction. / O presente trabalho é o resultado de uma pesquisa realizada com alunos do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio Politécnico de uma escola pública da rede estadual. Nesta pesquisa, buscou-se abordar o conteúdo de pirâmides através de um problema gerador, para a introdução deste conteúdo, com o objetivo de analisar a mobilização dos Registros de Representação Semiótica a partir do tronco da pirâmide com o uso do Geogebra 3D. Enfatiza-se seu caráter qualitativo e exploratório, buscando informações relevantes por meio da análise dos registros dos alunos, tanto no papel como no uso do software Geogebra 3D, em que se buscou dar significado aos conceitos matemáticos nas diferentes formas de representação de um mesmo objeto matemático. A pesquisa se baseou na Teoria de Registros de Representações Semióticas de Duval, utilizando a combinação de atividades diversificadas e dos diferentes registros de representações semióticas. As atividades foram divididas em três etapas, onde se procurou analisar, na etapa I, os conhecimentos prévios do aluno; na etapa II, os registros e o raciocínio do aluno com o material manipulável e, na etapa III, os registros e o raciocínio do aluno com o uso do software Geogebra 3D, a qual parte da compreensão do material concreto para a utilização das tecnologias por meio do Geogebra 3D. Os resultados mostraram que as atividades propostas contribuíram para revisar conceitos básicos de geometria, para a construção e compreensão de novos conceitos, na visualização do objeto em diferentes formas de representação, sendo que o Geogebra 3D propiciou recordar e descobrir conceitos elementares de geometria plana e espacial de forma mais atrativa, estimulando a visualização e a aprendizagem, mostrando-se um forte indício de que o estudo das pirâmides lhes chamou atenção e foi motivadora essa construção.