Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-06-18T11:43:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 470756 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1248659 bytes, checksum: ab80152728008387d3afbc02430bbd66 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-18T11:43:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 470756 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1248659 bytes, checksum: ab80152728008387d3afbc02430bbd66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-26 / The study on the influence of the student's question on learning in Chemistry in action research in the classroom contribute to answer the following question: how the elaboration and discussion of questions for high school students contribute to their learning in chemistry? The research was conducted with students of the 3rd year of high school at a private school of the Porto Alegre city. Initially, the research subjects proposed questions about what they would like to know about alcohol. The questions were analyzed, categorized and served the basis for the organization of a Learning Unit (AU). Based on frequently asked questions, was developed and applied an initial test to identify the knowledge of the students. After completion of the activities of the AU, in order to build students' answers to questions, a final test was applied, similar to the initial test. Thus, we performed a comparative analysis between the two tests. A questionnaire was also on the perceptions of students in relation to the fact studying chemistry from their own questions. The investigation allowed us to consider the questions of the students contribute to their learning because mobilize their curiosity, influencing him to take up subjects of their learning. Allowed the reconstruction of knowledge under the theme generator in a broad perspective (scientific, technological and social), as it was associated with students' experiences and their daily lives. The dialogue with the teacher and classmates, aiming to construct answers to questions stimulated the construction of arguments, so that the teaching of chemistry began to have meaning for students. / O estudo sobre a influ?ncia da pergunta do aluno na aprendizagem em Qu?mica, em a??es de pesquisa na sala de aula, buscou responder ? seguinte quest?o: como a elabora??o e a discuss?o de perguntas pelos alunos de Ensino M?dio contribuem para a sua aprendizagem em Qu?mica? A investiga??o foi realizada com alunos do 3? Ano do Ensino M?dio de uma escola privada, do Munic?pio de Porto Alegre. Inicialmente, os sujeitos de pesquisa propuseram perguntas sobre o que gostariam de saber sobre o ?lcool. As perguntas foram analisadas, categorizadas e serviram de base para a organiza??o de uma Unidade de Aprendizagem (UA). Com base nas perguntas mais frequentes, foi elaborado e aplicado um teste inicial para identificar os saberes dos alunos. Ap?s a realiza??o das atividades da UA, com vistas a construir respostas ?s perguntas dos alunos, foi aplicado um teste final, semelhante ao teste inicial. Assim, foi realizada uma an?lise comparativa entre os dois testes. Tamb?m foi aplicado um question?rio sobre as percep??es dos alunos em rela??o ao fato de estudar a Qu?mica a partir das suas pr?prias perguntas. A investiga??o permitiu considerar que as perguntas dos alunos contribuem para sua aprendizagem, pois mobilizam sua curiosidade, influenciando-os a assumirem-se sujeitos do seu aprender. Permitiu a reconstru??o de saberes sobre o tema gerador, numa perspectiva ampla (cient?fica, tecnol?gica e social), na medida em que esteve associado ?s viv?ncias dos alunos e ao seu cotidiano. O di?logo com a professora e os colegas, visando construir respostas ?s perguntas estimulou a constru??o de argumentos, de modo que o ensino de Qu?mica passou a ter significado para os estudantes.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-19T13:03:29Z No. of bitstreams: 5 nathalia.pdf: 1483380 bytes, checksum: acf5f07f37d0cff8f8dc49c87a364666 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-20T09:40:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 nathalia.pdf: 1483380 bytes, checksum: acf5f07f37d0cff8f8dc49c87a364666 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-20T09:40:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 nathalia.pdf: 1483380 bytes, checksum: acf5f07f37d0cff8f8dc49c87a364666 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-21 / O vinho ? uma das bebidas mais antigas e tradicionais produzidas e consumidas pela humanidade. Nas ?ltimas d?cadas a busca por qualidade nos produtos aliment?cios impulsionaram a pesquisa em t?cnicas anal?ticas capazes de fornecer resultados mais r?pidos e precisos. Neste contexto, m?todos anal?ticos que possam mensurar par?metros de qualidade de forma simult?nea para um grande n?mero de amostras constitui-se ferramenta desej?vel para processo de escala industrial. A espectroscopia no infravermelho pr?ximo (NIR) aparece como uma ferramenta de consider?vel import?ncia para a ind?stria de vinhos, permitindo o estabelecimento de in?meras metodologias anal?ticas. Dessa forma, o trabalho desenvolvido nesta disserta??o teve por objetivo usar a espectroscopia no infravermelho pr?ximo e ferramentas de an?lise multivariada de dados para o estabelecimento de protocolo quimiom?trico de an?lise da qualidade f?sico-qu?mica de vinhos tintos. As amostras de vinho foram analisadas quanto a 21 par?metros f?sico-qu?micos por meio de m?todos laboratorias enol?gicos de refer?ncia e por espectroscopia na regi?o eletromagn?tica do infravermelho pr?ximo. Os dados das t?cnicas de refer?ncia e os dados espectrosc?picos foram analisados utilizando diferentes tipos de regress?o (regress?o linear m?ltipla, regress?o por componentes principais e regress?o por m?nimos quadrados parciais) e pr?-processamentos para avalia??o de correla??o entre os dados. Os par?metros de acidez total, acidez fixa, cinzas e rela??o etanol/extrato seco obtiveram excelentes modelos de calibra??o. Os par?metros de a??cares redutores totais, extrato seco, glicerol, glicose e intensidade da cor, obtiveram bons modelos de calibra??o. Os par?metros de s?lidos sol?veis totais, compostos fen?licos, a??cares redutores, taninos e tonalidade obtiveram modelos de calibra??o capazes de separar corretamente os altos, m?dios e baixos valores. Para os par?metros de pH, antocianinas, di?xido de enxofre livre, di?xido de enxofre total e sulfatos totais foram obtidos modelos de calibra??o ruins. Os dados obtidos demonstraram que a espectroscopia no infravermelho pr?ximo combinada a ferramentas de an?lise multivariada de dados aplica-se na determina??o de alguns analitos enol?gicos. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012. / ABSTRACT The wine is one of the oldest beverage produced and consumed by humanity. In the last years, the research in food quality are looking for a new analytical techniques more precise, faster and accurate. In this way, the wineries demand for new analytical methods that can provide simultaneous data for a large number of analyses. The near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) is a very important analytical tool in wine industry, allowing the establishment of numerous analytical methodologies. In that way, the work developed for this dissertation aimed use near infrared spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis tools for the establishment of chemometric analysis of physicochemical quality of red wines. The wine samples was analyzed for 20 parameters using enological laboratorial methods and by using near infrared spectroscopy. The chemical an spectroscopic data was analyzed using different types of regression (multiple linear regression, principal components regression and least partial squares) and preprocessing tools to evaluate the correlation between the data. The total acidity, fixed acidity, ash, ethanol/dry extract relation had a excellent correlation model. The total reducing sugar, dry extract, glycerol, glucose and color intensity had a good correlation model. The total soluble solids, phenolic compounds, reducing sugar, tannins and tonality had a calibration model able to separate correctly the high, meddle and low values. The ethanol, pH, anthocyanins, free sulfur dioxide, total sulfur dioxide, total sulfates and volatile acidity had a bad correlation model. The results showed that near infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis tools can be used for determinations in enological quality control.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-19T13:03:29Z No. of bitstreams: 5 nascilaine.pdf: 1827154 bytes, checksum: b9e52778b31d948210ff6f1f431250cf (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-20T09:45:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 nascilaine.pdf: 1827154 bytes, checksum: b9e52778b31d948210ff6f1f431250cf (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-20T09:45:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 nascilaine.pdf: 1827154 bytes, checksum: b9e52778b31d948210ff6f1f431250cf (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-21 / Na primeira parte do trabalho foi proposto o reconhecimento de padr?es de jabuticaba (Myrciaria jabuticaba (vell) berg (jabuticaba sabar?)) pela avalia??o dos elementos boro, nitrog?nio, magn?sio, f?sforo, pot?ssio, c?lcio, mangan?s, ferro, cobre e zinco na casca empregando-se as t?cnicas de titula??o, espectroscopia de absor??o at?mica e molecular. Os dados obtidos pelas an?lises dos elementos foram dispostos em matriz 7 x 10, sendo sete amostras referente ?s sete cidades analisadas (S?o Jo?o da Chapada, Gouveia, Guinda, Couto de Magalh?es, Po?os de Caldas, Belo Horizonte e Serro) e dez vari?veis correspondendo ?s concentra??es dos elementos determinadas em mgk-1. O reconhecimento de padr?es foi feito empregando-se a An?lise das Componentes Principais e An?lise Hier?rquica por Agrupamentos. Desta forma foi poss?vel identificar pela An?lise das Componentes Principais os grupos formados pela semelhan?a, baseados nos pesos correspondentes ?s influ?ncias das vari?veis. Cerca de cinco componentes principais acumularam 97,47% da vari?ncia total dos dados sendo que a componente principal de n?mero um (01) acumulou cerca de 38,21% da vari?ncia e a componente principal de n?mero tr?s (03) cerca de 16,13% da vari?ncia. Os grupos formados na An?lise das Componentes Principais foram confirmados na An?lise Hier?rquica por Agrupamento, sendo formado quatro grupos, denotando a maior semelhan?a nas amostras de Gouveia e Couto Magalh?es. Na segunda etapa do estudo teve por finalidade classificar e caracterizar quimicamente o refrigerante do tipo guaran?, em diferentes estados brasileiros, foram analisadas suas concentra??es de metais e diferentes compostos atrav?s da absor??o at?mica e espectroscopia de infravermelho respectivamente. Para classificar os refrigerantes dos diversos locais, foi utilizada nos resultados obtidos das an?lises a an?lise explorat?ria baseada em An?lise das Componentes Principais (PCA). A melhor separa??o se deu com as vari?ncias acumuladas na CP2 e CP4, onde as amostras de refrigerantes zero formaram um grupo e amostras coletadas no RJ outro grupo e as amostras de Shim tamb?m formaram um grupo diferente dos demais. Como conclus?o pode-se salientar que os m?todos de reconhecimento de padr?es empregados neste trabalho apresentaram resultados que possibilitam a diferencia??o das amostras em locais distintos. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012. / ABSTRACT In the first part of the proposed pattern recognition Jabuticaba (Myrciaria jabuticaba (vell) berg (jabuticaba sabar?)) for the evaluation of the elements boron, nitrogen, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, copper and zinc on the shell employing the techniques of titration, atomic absorption spectroscopy and molecular. The data obtained by analysis of the elements were arranged in a matrix 10 x 7, seven samples analyzed referring to the seven cities (S?o Jo?o da Chapada, Gouveia, Guinda, Couto de Magalhaes, Wells Caldas, Belo Horizonte and Serro) and ten variables corresponding concentrations of certain elements in MGK-1. Pattern recognition was done using the Analysis of Principal Components Analysis for Hierarchical Groups. This made it possible to identify the Principal Component Analysis groups formed by similarity, based on the weights corresponding to the influences of variables. About five main components accumulated 97.47% of the total variance of the data being the main component of a number (01) accumulated approximately 38.21% of the variance and the principal component number three (03) approximately 16.13% variance. The groups formed in the Principal Component Analysis were confirmed in the Hierarchic Cluster Analysis, formed four groups, indicating a greater similarity in the samples of Gouveia and Couto Magalh?es. In the second stage of the study aimed to classify and characterize chemically the guarana soda type, in different Brazilian states were analyzed in relation to different concentrations of metals and compounds by atomic absorption and infrared spectroscopy respectively. To sort the drinks at different locations, we used the results of the analyzes exploratory analysis based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The best separation was accumulated at variance with the CP2 and CP4, where samples of soft drinks have formed a group and zero samples collected at the RJ and the other group samples Shim also formed a different group of demais. Como conclusion can be noted that methods of pattern recognition in this work presented results that allow the differentiation of samples at different locations.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-19T13:34:44Z No. of bitstreams: 5 ale.pdf: 2255523 bytes, checksum: 7080bc1f5ac0e98cef0030c1f04a51b3 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-20T10:24:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 ale.pdf: 2255523 bytes, checksum: 7080bc1f5ac0e98cef0030c1f04a51b3 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-20T10:24:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 ale.pdf: 2255523 bytes, checksum: 7080bc1f5ac0e98cef0030c1f04a51b3 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-21 / Na atualidade, n?o se pode desconsiderar a necessidade de desenvolvimento de tecnologias que suportem as demandas por energias renov?veis. Uma das vias para a produ??o de energia renov?vel ? a transforma??o de biomassas vegetais em combust?veis l?quidos. Os res?duos agroindustriais s?o candidatos potenciais como insumos para essa nova ind?stria de energia. Dessa forma a presente disserta??o teve por objetivo avaliar o potencial da torta de caro?o de algod?o e do baga?o de malte com farinha de pupunha como mat?rias-primas para a produ??o de etanol de segunda gera??o e otimizar etapa de pr?-tratamento ?cido do material lignocelul?sico necess?ria para a utiliza??o da celulose. Inicialmente foi determinada a composi??o centesimal da torta de caro?o de algod?o e do baga?o de malte em rela??o aos valores percentuais de umidade, cinzas, extrato et?reo, prote?na bruta, a??cares sol?veis totais, amido, hemicelulose, celulose, lignina, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ?cido. Com os resultados da caracteriza??o qu?mica p?de-se estimar uma produ??o potencial superior a 300 L de etanol/tonelada de cada res?duo. Para a otimiza??o do pr?-tratamento ?cido para remo??o da fra??o hemicelul?sica foi aplicada metodologia de Planejamento Fatorial atrav?s de Delineamento Composto Central Rotacional. O programa STATISTICA Vers?o 8.0 (Statsoft Inc., Tulsa,) foi utilizado para an?lise dos dados. A qualidade do ajuste da equa??o do modelo foi expressa pelo coeficiente de determina??o (R?) e sua signific?ncia estat?stica condicionada pelo teste-F. O material insol?vel recuperado ap?s o pr?-tratamento otimizado teve as fra??es hemicelul?sicas e de amido completamente removidas. O hidrolisado obtido em condi??es otimizadas de pr?-tratamento apresentou 15,7% de a??cares redutores para o baga?o de malte e pupunha e 5,9% de a??cares redutores para a torta de caro?o de algod?o. O tratamento dos hidrolisados com carv?o ativado removeu n?o menos que 58% dos compostos fen?licos a? presentes. Os testes de fermentabilidade com Saccharomyces cerevisiae e Pichia stipitis foram promissores. A fermenta??o com S. cerevisiae apresentou um YP/S de 0,30 para a torta de caro?o de algod?o e 0,37 para o baga?o de malte. Os rendimentos fementativos com P. stipitis variaram de 9% a 25% para os res?duos agroindustriais. Os dados experimentais indicam que a torta de caro?o de algod?o (Gossypium hirsutum L.) e baga?o malte com farinha de pupunha tem elevado potencial para a produ??o de bioetanol. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012. / ABSTRACT Nowadays, one cannot ignore the need for developing technologies that support the demands for renewable energy. One of the pathways for production of renewable energy is the transformation of vegetal biomass to liquid fuels. The agro-industrial residues as raw materials are potential candidates for this new energy industry. Thus the aim of the present dissertation was to evaluate the potential of cottonseed cake and crushed malt with peach palm flour as raw materials for the production of second generation ethanol and optimize step of acid pretreatment of lignocellulosic material. Initially was determined the chemical composition of cotton seed cake and crushed malt in relation to the percentages of moisture, ash, ether extract, crude protein, total soluble sugars, starch, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. With the results of chemical characterization it was possible to estimate a potential yield of more than 300L of ethanol / ton of each residue. For the optimization of acid pretreatment for hemicelluloses removal was applied a Central Composite Design. The software STATISTICA Version 8.0 (Statsoft Inc., Tulsa,) was used for data analysis. The goodness of fit of the model equation was expressed by the coefficient of determination (R?) and its statistical significance conditioned by F-test. The insoluble material recovered after the optimized pretreatment had starch and hemicellulose fractions completely removed. The hydrolyzate obtained under optimized conditions of pretreatment showed 15.7% of reducing sugars to the crushed malt and 5.9% of reducing sugars for cottonseed cake. The treatment of the hydrolysates with activated charcoal removed no less than 58% of the phenolic compounds present there. Fermentability tests with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis have been promising. Fermentation with S. cerevisiae showed a YP/S of 0.30 for cottonseed cake and 0.37 for the crushed malt. Fermentative yields with P. stipitis ranged from 9% to 25% for agro-industrial residues. The experimental data indicate that the cottonseed cake (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and crushed malt has a high potential for the production of bioethanol.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-19T13:34:45Z No. of bitstreams: 5 wil.pdf: 5662404 bytes, checksum: fbb7ee80707ec5b04e9341e471b178d8 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-20T10:42:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 wil.pdf: 5662404 bytes, checksum: fbb7ee80707ec5b04e9341e471b178d8 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-20T10:42:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 wil.pdf: 5662404 bytes, checksum: fbb7ee80707ec5b04e9341e471b178d8 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-20 / O Cerrado apresenta grande diversidade de esp?cies vegetais nativas, muito utilizadas na medicina popular e com pouco ou nenhum estudo cient?fico. Entre essas esp?cies, destaca-se a Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Berg (Myrtaceae), conhecida como ?Maria-preta?, ?Guamirim? ou ?Murta?. A medicina tradicional recomenda o uso das folhas na forma de infus?o, como antidiarreico, contra infec??es urin?rias e respirat?rias. Estudos evidenciam atividade antimicrobiana do ?leo essencial e leishmanicida do extrato etan?lico das folhas. Estudos fitoqu?micos revelaram a presen?a de compostos fen?licos no extrato e terpenos no ?leo essencial. Geralmente, a constitui??o qu?mica de ?leos essenciais oriundos de um mesmo esp?cimen vegetal e obtidos de plantas de uma mesma esp?cie pode apresentar varia??es qualitativas e quantitativas, em virtude de fatores gen?ticos, ambientais e ontog?nicos. ? importante estudar essas varia??es qu?micas, pois isso pode apresentar implica??es nas atividades biol?gicas de produtos da planta. Al?m disso, tais estudos podem servir para determina??o de marcadores qu?micos ou auxiliar no controle de qualidade do ?leo essencial. Assim, este trabalho teve como principal objetivo observar varia??es qualitativa e quantitativa na composi??o qu?mica do ?leo essencial extra?do de folhas de quatro esp?cimens (BS1, BS2, BS3 e BS4) de B. salicifolius, em tr?s per?odos do dia e nas quatro esta??es do ano. Realizou-se a coleta em habitat natural da esp?cie, na Reserva Guapuruvu da Arcelor Mittal, em Itamarandiba-MG. Procedeu-se a extra??o dos ?leos essenciais de folhas frescas atrav?s de hidrodestila??o em Aparato de Clevenger. Calculou-se o rendimento de cada amostra extra?da (v/m). Efetuou-se a an?lise qualitativa e quantitativa dos componentes dos ?leos essenciais por Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada ? Espectrometria de Massas (CG/EM) e ?ndice de Reten??o Relativa (IRR). O maior rendimento extrativo de ?leo essencial, para todos os esp?cimens, ocorreu no ver?o, e o BS4 foi o que apresentou o maior rendimento m?dio, 0,80% ? 0,12. Verificou-se a ocorr?ncia de varia??es qualitativa e quantitativa dos componentes majorit?rios das amostras analisadas. Assim, houve varia??es qu?micas entre diferentes indiv?duos da esp?cie estudada provenientes de um mesmo habitat, o que pode sugerir diferen?as gen?ticas e/ou ontog?nicas, embora a fase de desenvolvimento fosse semelhante entre os esp?cimens estudados, interferindo no metabolismo secund?rio. Constatou-se, tamb?m, a ocorr?ncia de varia??es qu?micas intraindividuais, sugerindo que as varia??es ambientais (sazonais e circadianas) interferem na composi??o qu?mica dos ?leos essenciais. No entanto, observou-se a presen?a constante, com varia??es quantitativas, de quatro terpenoides (?-pineno, trans-cariofileno, espatulenol e ?-humuleno) em todos os ?leos essenciais analisados. A quantidade de sesquiterpenos identificados sempre foi superior ? de monoterpenos, em todas as amostras. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2011. / ABSTRACT The Cerrado comprise great diversity of native vegetal species, widely used in folk medicine although with little or no scientific study. Among these species, stands out Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Berg (Myrtaceae), known as ?Maria-preta?, ?Guamirim? or ?Murta?. Traditional medicine recommends the use of fresh leaves infusions as antidiarreic, against urinary and respiratory tracts infections. Some studies showed antibiotic activity of essential oil and leishmanicidal activity of ethanolic extract from leaves. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of phenolic compounds in the extract and terpenes in the essential oil. Generally, the chemical composition of essential oils from the same vegetal specimen and the same species presents quantitative and qualitative variations, due to genetic, environmental and ontogenetic reasons. It is important to study these chemical changes, because this may have implications in the biological activities of plant products. Furthermore, such studies can serve for determination of chemical markers or assist in quality control of essential oil. Thus, this study aimed to observe quantitative and qualitative variations in the chemical composition of essential oil extracted from leaves of four specimens (BS1, BS2, BS3 e BS4) of B. salicifolius, in three period of the day in the four seasons. The leaves were collected on natural habitat of the specie, in Reserva Guapuruvu, Arcelor Mittal, in Itamarandiba-MG. It was proceeded the extraction of essential oils from fresh leaves by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus. It was calculated the yield of the extracted sample (v/w). The qualitative and quantitative analysis of essential oils compounds were performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and Relative Retention Index (RRI). The higher yield of essential oil extraction, for all specimens, occurred in the summer and BS4 was presented the highest yield, 0.80% ? 0.12. There was the occurrence of qualitative and quantitative variations of the major components of the samples. Thus, there were chemical variations between different individuals of the species studied from the same habitat, which may suggest genetic differences and/or ontogeny, although the stage of development was similar among the specimens studied by interfering with secondary metabolism. It was found, also, the occurrence of chemical intraindividual variations, suggesting that environmental variations (seasonal and circadian) interfere with the chemical composition of essential oils. However, there was a constant presence, with quantitative variations in all four terpen?ides (?-pinene, trans-caryophyllene, ?-humulene and spathulenol) in essential oils analyzed. The amount of sesquiterpenes identified was always higher than that of monoterpenes in all samples.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-19T13:03:29Z No. of bitstreams: 5 mercia.pdf: 7178804 bytes, checksum: 598f3cf54883c3dd3c56edfbb1797bca (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-20T10:47:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 mercia.pdf: 7178804 bytes, checksum: 598f3cf54883c3dd3c56edfbb1797bca (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-20T10:47:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 mercia.pdf: 7178804 bytes, checksum: 598f3cf54883c3dd3c56edfbb1797bca (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Pseudobrickellia brasiliensis (Spreng.) R.M. King & H. Rob (Asteraceae) ? uma esp?cie de Asteraceae conhecida popularmente como arnica-do-mato, arnica-do-campo ou simplesmente arnica. E utilizada na medicina popular contra machucados e dores no corpo, porem a literatura carece de informa??es cient?ficas, encontrando-se apenas um artigo sobre estudo fitoqu?mico. Com o objetivo de contribuir para o estudo de P. brasiliensis, esse trabalho relata o estudo fitoqu?mico e ensaios biol?gicos que investigaram a atividade antiinflamat?ria e antioxidante de extratos das folhas da planta. As folhas foram coletadas na cidade de Diamantina, no Campus JK da UFVJM. Uma parte das folhas ainda frescas foi utilizada para extra??o de ?leo essencial, e outra parte do material vegetal foi seco e submetido ? extra??o com solventes de diferentes polaridades ? hexano, acetato de etila, etanol e ?gua ? obtendo-se quatro extratos. Os constituintes do ?leo essencial foram identificados por CG-EM, encontrando-se 25 terpenos, sendo os majorit?rios os monoterpenos ?-tujeno (17,21%) e ?-pineno (32,61%). Os extratos foram submetidos a t?cnicas cromatogr?ficas cl?ssicas e suas fra??es foram analisadas por CG-EM, IV, RMN de 1H e 13C, identificando-se o diterpeno acido cauren?ico; os triterpenos ?-amirina, acetato de ?-amirina, ?-amirina, acetato de ?-amirina, lupeol, acetato de lupeol, pseudotaraxasterol, taraxasterol; e possivelmente uma lactona sesquiterp?nica. Em ensaios de triagem fitoqu?mica realizados com os extratos, foram detectadas as classes de metab?litos secund?rios: cumarinas, flavon?ides, taninos condens?veis, antocianinas, antraquinonas, saponinas, compostos redutores e triterpenos/ester?ides. A esp?cie apresentou um potencial antiinflamat?rio, uma vez que os extratos aquoso e etan?lico modularam a produ??o da citocina IFN-?, envolvida diretamente na inicializa??o e amplifica??o da resposta inflamat?ria. Os extratos apresentaram baixo potencial antioxidante, nas concentra??es avaliadas e nos ensaios de atividade de retirada de radical, e de poder de redu??o do ?on met?lico Fe3+, apesar dos extratos aquoso e etan?lico possu?rem compostos fen?licos. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho foi uma contribui??o para o estudo fitoqu?mico e de atividades biol?gicas desta planta. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012. / ABSTRACT Pseudobrickellia brasiliensis (Spreng.) R.M. King & H. Rob (Asteraceae) is a species of Asteraceae popularly known as arnica-do-mato, arnica-do-campo or arnica simply. It is used in folk medicine against wounds and body aches, but there lack of scientific literature and found only one article on phytochemical study. Aiming to contribute to the study of P. brasiliensis, this work reports the phytochemical and biological tests that investigated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of extracts of the leaves. The leaves were collected in the city of Diamantina, in the Campus JK of UFVJM. Part of the leaves still fresh, were used for extraction of essential oil, and another part of the plant material was dried and subjected to extraction with solvents of different polarities - hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water - resulting in four extracts. The constituents of the essential oil were identified by GC-MS and was found 25 terpenes, of which the major was the monoterpenes ?-thujene (17.21%) and ?-pinene (32.61%). The extracts were subjected to classical chromatographic techniques and their fractions were analyzed by GC-MS, IR, 1H and 13C NMR, identifying the diterpene kaurenoic acid, triterpenes ?-amyrin acetate, ?-amyrin, ?-amyrin, ?-amyrin acetate, lupeol acetate, lupeol, pseudotaraxasterol, taraxasterol, and possibly a sesquiterpene lactone. In tests conducted with phytochemical extracts were detected classes of secondary metabolites, coumarins, flavonoids, condensed tannins, anthocyanins, anthraquinones, saponins, reducing compounds and triterpenes/steroids. The species had an anti-inflammatory potential, because the aqueous and ethanol extracts modulate the production of the cytokine IFN-?, directly involved in the startup and amplification of the inflammatory response. The extracts showed lower antioxidant potential, and concentrations evaluated in the trials of withdrawal of radical activity, and power reduction of Fe3+ metal ion, despite the aqueous and ethanol extracts possess phenolic compounds. Thus, the present work was a contribution to the study phytochemical and biological activities of this plant.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-19T13:34:45Z No. of bitstreams: 5 hil.pdf: 1837336 bytes, checksum: 915b40a5d9c4387507e76471c6ae2ca7 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-20T11:01:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 hil.pdf: 1837336 bytes, checksum: 915b40a5d9c4387507e76471c6ae2ca7 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-20T11:01:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 hil.pdf: 1837336 bytes, checksum: 915b40a5d9c4387507e76471c6ae2ca7 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-20 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Para a manuten??o das pr?ticas econ?micas e s?cio-culturais constru?das sobre a explora??o e transforma??o do petr?leo, faz-se necess?rio criar alternativas que n?o rompam de forma estanque com as pr?ticas industriais hoje vigentes. Nesse contexto, o uso de biomassas para a produ??o de combust?veis l?quidos que alimentem motores ? combust?o permite sustentar pr?ticas antigas com novos benef?cios. Dessa forma, a presente disserta??o teve por objetivo avaliar o potencial da torta de maca?ba, um coproduto da ind?stria de ?leos vegetais, como insumo para produ??o de bioetanol. Tal objetivo foi trabalhado atrav?s de estudos de sacarifica??o da torta de maca?ba com posterior processo fermentativo. A biomassa em quest?o foi caracterizada quimicamente, o que indicou a presen?a de aproximadamente 50% de carboidratos, distribu?dos em, 23,16 ? 0,95 % de amido, 11,49 ? 1,08% de celulose, 9,6 ? 0,79% de hemicelulose e 11,48 ? 0,62 % de a??cares sol?veis. Para a primeira interven??o da despolimeriza??o dos polissacar?deos presentes na torta de maca?ba foi realizado um planejamento experimental fatorial 25-1 com 5 fatores e 4 pontos centrais com as seguintes vari?veis: concentra??o de ?cido sulf?rico, tempo de pr?-tratamento ?cido, raz?o s?lido/l?quido, concentra??o de amiloglicosidase e concentra??o de celulase. Na sequ?ncia, o processo de sacarifica??o foi otimizado com o uso de delineamento composto central rotacional 23, com 3 fatores, 4 pontos centrais e 6 pontos axiais, onde foram avaliadas as concentra??es de ?cido sulf?rico, amiloglicosidase e celulase. Um hidrolisado obtido em condi??o otimizada com 92% de efici?ncia foi submetido ? destoxifica??o com carv?o ativado e, em seguida, foram realizados ensaios de fermentabilidade conduzidos como as leveduras Saccharomyces cerevisiae e Pichia stipitis. A levedura S. cerevisiae se mostrou resistente ao hidrolisado n?o destoxificado, apresentando YP/S de 0,49. P. stipitis mostrou-se suscept?vel ao meio n?o destoxificado, mas foi capaz de converter 99% dos a??cares redutores presentes no meio destoxificado. A torta de maca?ba apresentou potencial consider?vel para produ??o de bioetanol. A partir dos dados de bancada ? poss?vel estimar uma produ??o de 104l de etanol por tonelada de torta de maca?ba. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2011. / ABSTRACT For the maintenance of economic and socio-cultural practices built on the exploitation and processing of oil it is necessary to create alternatives that do not break so tight with current industrial practices. In this context, the use of biomass to produce liquid fuels that are fed into to combustion engines allows to sustain old practices with new benefits. Thus, this dissertation aimed to evaluate the potential of macaw palm coconut cake, a co-product of vegetable oil industry, as an input for bioethanol production. This goal was worked out through studies of the process of saccharification of macaw palm coconut cake with subsequent fermentation. The biomass in question was characterized chemically, what indicated the presence of approximately 50% of carbohydrates, among which, 23,16 ? 0,95% of starch, 11,49 ? 1,08% of cellulose, 9,6 ? 0,79% of hemicellulose and 11,48 ? 0,62% of soluble sugars. For the first intervention of deconstruction of the polysaccharides present in the macauba cake it was held a 25-1 factorial experimental design with five factors and four central points with the following variables: concentration of sulfuric acid, time of acid pretreatment, solid / liquid ratio, amyloglucosidase and cellulose concentrations. Following, the saccharification process was optimized using central composite rotational design 23, with three factors, four central points and six axial points, whereas the concentrations of sulfuric acid, cellulose and amyloglucosidase were evaluated. A hydrolyzed obtained in optimum condition with 92% efficiency was subjected to detoxification with activated charcoal and then, fermentability assays were carried out with yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis. The yeast S. cerevisiae has proved resilient to the non-detoxified hydrolyzate and presented YP/S of 0.49. P. stipitis was found to be susceptible to the non-detoxified medium, but it was able to convert 99% of reducing sugars present in the detoxified medium. The macaw palm coconut cake showed considerable potential for bioethanol production. From the lab bench data it is possible to estimate a production of 104 l of ethanol per ton of macaw palm coconut cake.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-19T13:34:46Z No. of bitstreams: 5 tel.pdf: 9429138 bytes, checksum: 55c9c9a1eb3f75db9e65b286cec95dda (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-20T11:03:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 tel.pdf: 9429138 bytes, checksum: 55c9c9a1eb3f75db9e65b286cec95dda (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-20T11:03:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 tel.pdf: 9429138 bytes, checksum: 55c9c9a1eb3f75db9e65b286cec95dda (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-20 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / A hidrazina ? uma subst?ncia utilizada como inibidora de corros?o, antioxidante, catalisador, emulsificante, agente redutor, combust?vel para propuls?o de foguete, inseticidas, e na prepara??o de diversos derivados farmac?uticos. Por?m, a hidrazina ? um material t?xico, sendo, portanto, necess?rio um m?todo sens?vel para a sua determina??o. Neste trabalho um sensor foi desenvolvido para determina??o de hidrazina mediante modifica??o de um eletrodo de carbono v?treo com ftalocianina de cobalto adsorvido em nanotubos de carbono de paredes m?ltiplas. A caracteriza??o eletroqu?mica e de superf?cie foi feita por voltametria c?clica, microscopia eletr?nica de varredura, FT-IR e Espectroscopia de Energia dispersiva de Raios-X. Os estudos de superf?cie deixaram evidente que os NTCPM e a CoPc formam um material comp?sito. Os estudos eletroqu?micos mostraram a ocorr?ncia de processos redox de superf?cie e ainda h? ind?cios de uma limita??o da transfer?ncia de carga. O n?mero de el?trons para a rea??o de oxida??o de hidrazina bem como a constante de velocidade heterog?nea foram estimados a partir dos coeficientes linear e angular das curvas de Koutecky-Levich sendo, respectivamente, 4,1 e 1,51 x 103 M-1s-1. Os par?metros operacionais de tr?s t?cnicas eletroanal?ticas (Amperometria, VPD e VOQ) foram otimizados em rela??o ? determina??o de hidrazina com o uso do ECV/NTCPM/CoPc, sendo que a VOQ apresentou maior sensibilidade, tendo sido, portanto, escolhida para a determina??o da hidrazina em ?gua de caldeira. Uma curva anal?tica final para a determina??o de hidrazina em amostra da ?gua de caldeira foi feita utilizando-se eletrodos impressos, sob condi??es experimentais otimizadas, apresentando resposta linear no intervalo de concentra??o de 99 a 7630 ?mol L-1, com R igual a 0,999. Foram obtidos valores de LD e LQ iguais a 50 e a 99 ?mol L-1, respectivamente. O sensor permitiu uma boa recupera??o para a hidrazina nas amostras de ?guas de caldeiras analisadas, com valores de recupera??o compreendidos entre 98,41 e 103,62%, atestando a exatid?o do m?todo proposto. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2011. / ABSTRACT Hydrazine is used as a corrosion inhibitor, antioxidant, catalyst, emulsifier, reducing agents, fuel for rocket propulsion, insecticides, and pharmaceutical preparation of various derivatives. However, the hydrazine is a toxic material and therefore requires a sensitive method for its determination. In this paper a sensor was developed for determination of hydrazine by modifying a glassy carbon electrode with cobalt phthalocyanine adsorbed on mutiwalled carbon nanotubes. The surface and electrochemical characterization was carried out by cyclic voltametry, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy X-ray. Surface studies shows that NTCPM and CoPc are a composite material. Electrochemical studies have shown the occurrence of redox processes of surface and also an indication of a limited transfer of load transfer. The number of electrons for the reaction of oxidation of hydrazine and the observed average rate constant of the process were estimated from the coefficients of linear and angular curves Koutecky-Levich being, respectively, 4,1 and 1,51 x 103 M-1s-1. The operational parameters of three electroanalytical techniques (amperometry, VOQ and VPD) were optimized for the determination of hydrazine with the use of ECV / NTCPM / CoPc, although the VOQ showed greater sensitivity and was therefore chosen for the determination of hydrazine in boiler water. A final analytical curve for the determination of hydrazine in boiler water sample was made using electrodes printed under optimized experimental conditions, with linear response over the concentration range of 99 mmol L-1 to 7630 ?mol L-1, with R equal to 0.999. We obtained values ??of LOD and LOQ equal to 50 and 99 ?mol L-1, respectively. The sensor allowed a good recovery for hydrazine in boiler water samples analyzed, with recovery values ??ranging between 98.41 and 103.62%, attesting to the accuracy of the proposed method.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-19T13:34:46Z No. of bitstreams: 5 vin.pdf: 2622756 bytes, checksum: 227e0c0c8c2f323aee0f3cf8565b6072 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-20T11:16:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 vin.pdf: 2622756 bytes, checksum: 227e0c0c8c2f323aee0f3cf8565b6072 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-20T11:16:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 vin.pdf: 2622756 bytes, checksum: 227e0c0c8c2f323aee0f3cf8565b6072 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / Esp?cies do g?nero Byrsonima s?o conhecidas popularmente como ?muricis? e h? relatos na literatura de muitos usos medicinais dessas plantas, alguns deles j? comprovados, como atividade anti-inflamat?ria, antimicrobiana e antioxidante. Este trabalho objetivou analisar fitoquimicamente a esp?cie Byrsonima coccolobifolia Kunth e fazer um estudo de atividade biol?gica nos extratos de B. coccolobifolia, B. verbascifolia e B. intermedia, investigando a atividade antioxidante, a a??o inibit?ria da acetilcolinesterase e atividade antimicrobiana nessas esp?cies. As partes a?reas das plantas foram coletadas no Vale do Jequitinhonha-MG e secas a temperatura ambiente. Folhas e galhos foram separados, pulverizados e submetidos ? extra??o exaustiva com solventes de polaridade crescente (hexano, acetato de etila e metanol), que foram removidos por evaporador rotat?rio. Os extratos em hexano e em acetato de etila de B. coccolobifolia foram submetidos a m?todos cromatogr?ficos cl?ssicos e, atrav?s de t?cnicas espectrosc?picas (IV e RMN de 1H e 13C), foi poss?vel elucidar nos extratos das folhas as seguintes subst?ncias: friedelina, ?-sitosterol, mistura de ?-amirina e ?-amirina e derivados do ?cido olean?lico e urs?lico. Na identifica??o dos compostos presentes no extrato metan?lico de folhas e galhos de B. coccolobifolia, utilizou-se a t?cnica de espectrometria de massas por electrospray (ESI-MS), por inser??o direta dos extratos dissolvidos em metanol. Identificaram-se tr?s classes de metab?litos no extrato metan?lico: ?cidos fen?licos e derivados (galato de metila, ?cido qu?nico, ?cidos mono-, di-, tri- e tetragaloilqu?nico), proantocianidinas (d?mero e tr?mero epicatequina) e flavon?ides (quercetina e derivados glicosilados). As esp?cies B. coccolobifolia e B. intermedia apresentaram os melhores resultados para conte?do fen?lico e para atividade antioxidante de captura de radical e de poder redutor. Isso mostrou o potencial dos extratos polares dessas plantas como recurso para a busca de subst?ncias ?teis na preven??o ou no tratamento de doen?as associadas a radicais livres. No que diz respeito ? atividade inibit?ria da acetilcolinesterase (AChE), tamb?m investigada nas tr?s esp?cies de Byrsonima, o extrato hex?nico dessas plantas apresentou maior quantidade de compostos ativos frente a enzima AChE. E somente a esp?cie B. coccolobifolia apresentou atividade contra os microrganismos testados (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli e Candida albicans). Sendo assim, o presente trabalho mostrou a import?ncia de continuar estudando a flora do cerrado brasileiro e as esp?cies do g?nero Byrsonima, sejam seus aspectos qu?micos ou medicinais. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2011. / ABSTRACT Byrsonima species are popularly known as "murici" and there are reports in previous work of many medicinal uses of these plants, some of them already confirmed as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The aim of this study was to analyze phytochemically Byrsonima coccolobifolia Kunth and to make a study of biological activity in extracts of B. coccolobifolia, B. verbascifolia and B. intermedia, investigating the antioxidant activity, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory action and antimicrobial activity in these species. The aerial parts of plants were collected in Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and dried at room temperature. Leaves and branches were separated, powdered and subjected to exhaustive extraction with solvents of increasing polarity (hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol), that were removed by rotary evaporator. The extracts in hexane and ethyl acetate of B. coccolobifolia were submitted at classical chromatographic methods and, by spectroscopic methods (IR and 1H and 13C NMR), it was possible to elucidate the following substances in leaves extracts: friedelin, ?-sitosterol, a mixture of ?-amyrin and ?-amyrin and oleanolic and ursolic acid derivatives. In the identification of compounds in methanol extracts of leaves and branches of B. coccolobifolia was used mass spectrometry with electrospray (ESI-MS) by direct infusion of the extracts dissolved in methanol. Three classes of metabolites were identified in methanol extracts: phenolic acids and derivatives (methyl gallate, quinic acid, mono-, di-, tri- and tetragalloylquinic acids), proanthocyanidins (epicatechin dimer and trimer) and flavonoids (quercetin and glycosides derivatives). The species B. coccolobifolia and B. intermedia showed better results for phenolic content and antioxidant activity of radical scavenging and reducing power. This showed the potential of polar extracts of these plants as a resource to search for substances useful in preventing or treating diseases associated with free radicals. Concerning the inhibitory activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), also investigated in three Byrsonima species, hexane extract of these plants had higher amounts of active compounds against AChE. And only B. coccolobifolia revealed activity against the microorganisms tested (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans). Thus, this investigation supported the importance of further studying the flora of Brazilian cerrado and the species of the genus Byrsonima, in their chemical or medicinal aspects.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-10-26T11:08:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 475881 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1858110 bytes, checksum: 5dc1ef5cdb3e394efebf97ec1aad8c7a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-26T11:08:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 475881 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1858110 bytes, checksum: 5dc1ef5cdb3e394efebf97ec1aad8c7a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 / This paper discusses the approaches and departures on the concepts of authors, professors of chemistry and middle school students about the use of inquiry in the classroom. Thus, the central problem of the following research question: What aspects approach and depart aspects in relation to the theoretical insights of Education and Science Education, Chemistry teachers and high school students on the use of inquiry in the classroom? The investigation was conducted with 38 students and 20 teachers from public and private network of Porto Alegre and Porto Alegre metropolitan area. For data collection, questionnaires were applied with research subjects and subsequently analyzed using Textual Discourse Analysis. The analysis allows us to understand how the question is present in the classroom and what the comparative between theorists, teachers and students. It was possible to identify that inquiry based teaching does not occur that investigated schools and reconstructive question was not identified in the responses to questionnaires. In conclusion, it points to the need for teacher training for this research, both theoretical and practical, work under the assumptions of Demo (2007) and consequently makes the student an active researcher, moreover, the use of reconstructive questioning. / O presente trabalho aborda os afastamentos e as aproxima??es em rela??o ?s concep??es de te?ricos, professores de Qu?mica e estudantes do Ensino M?dio a respeito do uso da pergunta em sala de aula. Assim, o problema central da investiga??o ? a seguinte pergunta: Que aspectos se aproximam e que aspectos se afastam em rela??o ?s percep??es de te?ricos da Educa??o e Educa??o em Ci?ncias, professores de Qu?mica e estudantes do ensino M?dio sobre o uso da pergunta na sala de aula? A investiga??o foi realizada com 38 estudantes e 20 professores de escolas das redes p?blica e privada de Porto Alegre e da Grande Porto Alegre. Para a coleta de dados, foram aplicados question?rios com os sujeitos de pesquisa, os quais, posteriormente, foram analisados por meio de An?lise Textual Discursiva. A an?lise permitiu compreender como a pergunta est? presente na sala de aula e comparar as percep??es de te?ricos, professores e estudantes. Foi poss?vel identificar que a educa??o pela pesquisa pouco ocorre nas escolas investigadas e que o questionamento reconstrutivo n?o foi identificado nas respostas aos question?rios respondidos. Dentre as conclus?es, aponta-se a necessidade da qualifica??o da forma??o do professor, tanto te?rica quanto pr?tica, para que tenham condi??es de trabalhar a pesquisa de acordo com os pressupostos de Demo (2007), contribuindo para o emprego do questionamento reconstrutivo na sala de aula e para tornar o estudante um pesquisador ativo.