A atenção qualificada ao parto tem sido um dos principais focos de ação da Iniciativa Maternidade Sem Risco (IMSR), no intuito de se obter gestações e partos mais seguros para as mulheres e os recém-nascidos e consequentemente diminuir as taxas de morbimortalidade materno-infantil. Este estudo buscou conhecer a assistência que as mulheres, atendidas nos serviços públicos de saúde do município de São Carlos/SP, recebem durante o ciclo gravídico-puerperal, evidenciando as ações desenvolvidas pela equipe de enfermagem. Objetivos: Descrever o perfil dos profissionais de enfermagem que atuam na atenção ao ciclo gravídico-puerperal e identificar as ações desenvolvidas por estes na assistência ao pré-natal, trabalho de parto, parto e puerpério, correlacionando com as competências essenciais ao exercício básico da obstetrícia recomendadas pela Confederação Internacional das Parteiras (ICM). Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo, com uma abordagem quantitativa, que utilizou para a coleta de dados a entrevista estruturada e a observação sistemática das ações desenvolvidas pelos profissionais de enfermagem na assistência ao ciclo gravídico-puerperal. A população estudada foi composta de 84 profissionais de enfermagem, sendo 37 da atenção básica que prestam assistência ao pré-natal e puerpério e 47 da maternidade, que prestam assistência ao parto. Foram observadas na atenção básica, 52 pré-consultas e 47 pós-consultas de pré-natal, 05 abertura de SISPRENATAL, 05 acolhimentos, 05 consulta de pré-natal e 02 consultas puerperais realizadas pelas enfermeiras. Na atenção ao parto foram observadas 22 avaliações obstétricas admissionais, 15 trabalhos de parto, 12 partos normais, 10 cesáreas, 18 recepções de recém-nascido e 18 assistências no alojamento conjunto. A estatística descritiva foi utilizada para descrever e sintetizar os dados. Resultados: Os profissionais são predominantemente do sexo feminino, média de 35,1 anos, casados (62,2%) e com filhos. A média de carga horária encontrada entre os profissionais de enfermagem que prestam assistência na atenção básica foi de 41,6 horas e de 53,9 horas na assistência ao parto, sendo que respectivamente 8,1% e 32% destes profissionais têm mais de um emprego. A média de salários dos auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem que atendem a mulher no o pré-natal e no parto correspondem respectivamente a 43,2% e 37,3% da remuneração média das enfermeiras. Quanto à qualificação profissional, todas as enfermeiras entrevistadas na atenção básica do município referiram ter cursado ou estar cursando pós-graduação lato sensu, sendo 57,14% em saúde da família, 21,43% em enfermagem obstétrica, 7,14% em saúde da família e enfermagem obstétrica, 7,14% em saúde da família e saúde mental e 7,14% em administração hospitalar. Na maternidade, as seis enfermeiras eram especialistas em obstétrica. O tempo de experiência profissional no atendimento às mulheres no ciclo gravídico-puerperal entre os profissionais da atenção básica variou de 1 mês a 20 anos e na maternidade de 1 mês a 25 anos. Os resultados revelam que todos os profissionais são qualificados para a atenção ao ciclo gravídicopuerperal. Quanto às habilidades essenciais em obstetrícia, preconizadas pela ICM, muitas foram realizadas de forma incompletas e outras deixaram de ser realizadas. Conclusões: Na atenção básica as ações desenvolvidas pelo profissional de enfermagem no cuidado à mulher no pré-natal foram predominantemente de suporte, apoio e complementação da assistência médica, sendo discreta a participação da enfermeira na consulta de pré-natal. Na maternidade as enfermeiras atendem na admissão, acompanham o trabalho de parto e realizam a maior parte dos partos normais. Embora ainda existam habilidades específicas a serem realizadas, demonstraram ações moduladas por princípios da humanização, bem como da atenção qualificada. O estudo aponta a necessidade da reorganização da assistência ao pré-natal, inserindo efetivamente o enfermeiro, bem como que a assistência ao parto busque cada vez mais uma assistência qualificada e humanizada, com reconhecimento e autonomia do enfermeiro. / The qualified attention on childbirth has been one of the main focus on the Making Pregnancy Safer Initiative (MPR) in order to obtain safer pregnancies and childbirth to women and the newborns and consequently reduce the rates of maternal and newborns mortality. This study sought to know the assistance that women have in São Carlos/SP city during the puerperal pregnancy cycle spotlighting the nursing team. Objectives: Describe the profile of nursing professionals who work in puerperal pregnancy cycle and identify the actions developed for them in prenatal assistance, labour, childbirth and post-natal period correlating with the essentials competences to the obstetric basic exercising obstetrics recommended by the International Conferation of Midwives (ICM). Metodology: This study is a exploratory descriptive with a quantitative approach which used to collect data structured interview and systematic observation of the actions taken by nursing professionals in assisting puerperal pregnancy cycle. The studied population was composed of 84 nursing professionals being 37 of basic attention that provide assistance to prenatal and post-natal period and 47 of maternity that provide assistance to childbirth. Were observed in basic attention, 52 pre consults and 47 post consults, 05 SISPRENATAL opening, 05 receptiveness, 05 prenatal consults anda 05 puerperal consults undertaken by the nurses. On attention to childbirth were observed 22 admisions, 15 labours, 12 normal births, 10 cesarean, 18 newborn receipts and 18 assistances in accommodation set. It used the descriptive statistics describe and summarise data. Results: Professionals are predominantly female average 31,5 years, married (62,2%) and with children. The average of hourly charge between nursing professionals who provide assistance in basic attention was 41.6 hours and 53.9 hours on birth assistance being respectively 8,1% and 32% of these professionals have more than a job.The average salary of nursing assistants and technicians that assist women on prenatal and birth correspond respectively to 43.2% and 37,3% of the average remuneration of nurses. As vocational qualification, all nurses interviewed in city basic attention mentioned have attended or being attending a post graduation lato sensu being 57,14% in family health, 21,43% in obstetrical nursing, 7,14% in family health and obstetrical nursing, one 7,14% in family health and mental health and just one 7,14% in hospital administration. At maternity all the six nurses were obstetrical experts. Professional experience in assistance to women on puerperal pregnancy cycle between basic attention professionals ranged from 1 month to 20 years and at maternity from 1 month to 25 years.The results reveal that that all professionals are skilled attention to puerperal pregnancy cycle. As regards the essential skills in obstetrics, advocated by the ICM, many were so incomplete and other not performed. Conclusions: On basic attention the actions developed by nursing professionals on women prenatal care were predominantly of support and medical assistance complementation being discreet nurse\'s participation in prenatal consult. Maternity nurses serve in the admission, accompany labour and perform most normal births. Although there are specific skills to be performed, demonstrated actions modulated by principles of humanization as well as qualified attention. The study revels the need for reorganization of prenatal assistance inserting effectively the nurse as well as assistance to childbirth look increasingly a qualified and humanized assistance with recognition and autonomy of the nurse.

Background: The transition from trainee to newly-registered (novice) practitioner is regarded as the most stressful and challenging of time of a healthcare professional's career. Community pharmacists are unusual in that they transition into roles where they commonly work as the sole pharmacist, manage a team of support staff and are accountable from day one of professional registration (without any formal support structure), yet little research exists in this area. This study aimed to identify the transition challenges faced by novice community pharmacists and to develop and feasibility test an evidence-based intervention to ease their transitions to independent practitioners. Methods: Medical Research Council guidance for developing complex interventions was used to frame this programme of work. During development, evidence from existing literature and an exploratory nominal group study identified and prioritised the challenges faced by novice community pharmacists. Findings informed the iterative design process for a peer-coaching intervention with the following components; a social media group, one-to-one coaching, a handbook, group activities and weekly clinical/practice scenarios for group discussion. Twelve novice community pharmacists were recruited purposively to participate in the draft intervention, which was evaluated using semi-structured telephone interviews. Results: Twenty-five participants took part in homogenous group discussions consisting of novice community pharmacists, early career pharmacists, pre-registration tutors and pharmacy colleagues. Similarly to challenges reported by novice doctors and nurses, nominal group discussions identified the following challenges [in order of importance]; relationship management; lack of confidence; decision-making; being in charge and accountable; and adapting to the workplace. Relationship management was attributed to novices' lack of affective skills. There were some differences however in the challenges reported by novice community pharmacists, such as power struggles (with managers or pharmacy colleagues), inverse hierarchy, professional isolation, target culture and full immediate accountability. A number of factors perpetuating these differences were perceived to increase the weight of professional accountability and augment stress; the retail community pharmacy context, the relative lack of support and isolation from peers. Hence, the draft intervention focussed on supporting the novice community pharmacist to develop cognitive and affective skills. All participants viewed the social media forum as the most valuable component because it provided a confidential space for reassurance, feedback, and sharing or discussing practice experiences. Participants also valued one-to-one discussions with the coach, which supported meaningful reflection and developing self-awareness. Outcomes reported by all participants included increased self-efficacy, increased confidence in decision-making/managing others, an increased sense of preparedness and the ability to cope during transition. Through group components, novice community pharmacists developed and reported feeling less isolated in the workplace. Conclusions: This novel programme of work revealed the challenges faced by novice community pharmacists during transition. Findings suggest that a lack of affective and cognitive skills, the demands of the job and professional isolation caused novices to experience psychosocial stress and high job strain. A group peer-coaching intervention designed to ease the transitions of novice community pharmacists was reported to be acceptable, feasible and beneficial. Study findings led to some recommendations for transition support interventions: incorporate psychosocial support with developmental activities; provide a supportive learning space for developmental discourse that is accessible facilitated and structured; and offer coaching and supported reflection from an experienced pharmacist coach.

<p>För att bli en demokratisk medborgare behövs kunnande i matematik, då samhällsinformation ska förstås och kritiskt kunna granskas för att ha möjlighet att fatta välgrundade vardagsbeslut. Denna kunskap behövs även för fortsatta studier samt för att få ett fungerande yrkesliv. Fenomenet matematik¬undervisning kan av olika lärare beskrivas, upplevas och uppfattas på kvalitativt skilda sätt. Studiens syfte var att undersöka och beskriva nyexaminerade lärares uppfattningar av fenomenet matematikundervisning samt att nå en ökad förståelse för och kunskap om nyexaminerade lärares första tid som lärare i matematik. Studiens fenomenografiska ansats var kvalitativt analytisk och beskrivande. Ett strategiskt urval har gjorts, där sex lärare har intervjuats. Den kvalitativa forskningsintervjun transkriberades och analyserades, vilket ledde till studiens resultat i form av beskrivnings¬kategorier. Den överordnade beskrivningskategorin var legitimitet, vilket i sin tur beskrevs på tre kvalitativt skilda sätt, som att legitimitet formellt tillskrivs, att legitimitet förvärvas samt att legitimitet tilldelas. Dessa beskrivningskategorier motsvarade studiens kvalitativa variation. Slutsatsen blev att legitimitet påverkade den nyexaminerade lärarens matematikundervisning samt relationen med övriga matematiklärare.</p>

No description available.

This Bachelor’s thesis focuses on those terms that, from a Swedish perspective, have to be fulfilled to entitle deduction for definitive losses in a cross-border merger situation. The thesis analyses one of the ten rulings from the Swedish Supreme Administrative Court which were published in 2009.The ruling is analysed in the light of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, the merger directive and the Court of Justice rulings in Marks &amp; Spencer and Lidl. The purpose is to examine if the Swedish rules concerning cross-border mergers is compatible with the EU-law. The Swedish rules concerning mergers are found in chapter 37 in the Swedish income tax act. To enjoy the rights of the rules in chapter 37 the merger needs to be qualified. The criterion in 11 § stands out as a clear obstacle for the deduction of losses and is therefore examined thoroughly. It states that the transferor company needs to be taxable for some kind of activity in Sweden immediately before the merger. That criterion is not fulfilled if the company is situated in another member state. In the Marks &amp; Spencer case, the Court of Justice stated that a rule which hinders deduction for losses which is considered to be definitive could be a possible breach of the freedom of establishment. The Swedish rules concerning qualified mergers in chapter 37 in the Swedish income tax act was questioned in the case RÅ 2009 ref 13. The criterion stated in § 11 was discussed first by the Swedish tax board and then by the Swedish Supreme Administrative Court as a possible breach of the freedom of establishment. It is in my opinion clear that when a loss is definitive the loss should be entitled to deduction, thus the 11 § could therefore constitute a breach of the freedom of establishment.

För att bli en demokratisk medborgare behövs kunnande i matematik, då samhällsinformation ska förstås och kritiskt kunna granskas för att ha möjlighet att fatta välgrundade vardagsbeslut. Denna kunskap behövs även för fortsatta studier samt för att få ett fungerande yrkesliv. Fenomenet matematik¬undervisning kan av olika lärare beskrivas, upplevas och uppfattas på kvalitativt skilda sätt. Studiens syfte var att undersöka och beskriva nyexaminerade lärares uppfattningar av fenomenet matematikundervisning samt att nå en ökad förståelse för och kunskap om nyexaminerade lärares första tid som lärare i matematik. Studiens fenomenografiska ansats var kvalitativt analytisk och beskrivande. Ett strategiskt urval har gjorts, där sex lärare har intervjuats. Den kvalitativa forskningsintervjun transkriberades och analyserades, vilket ledde till studiens resultat i form av beskrivnings¬kategorier. Den överordnade beskrivningskategorin var legitimitet, vilket i sin tur beskrevs på tre kvalitativt skilda sätt, som att legitimitet formellt tillskrivs, att legitimitet förvärvas samt att legitimitet tilldelas. Dessa beskrivningskategorier motsvarade studiens kvalitativa variation. Slutsatsen blev att legitimitet påverkade den nyexaminerade lärarens matematikundervisning samt relationen med övriga matematiklärare.

No description available.

<p>This Bachelor’s thesis focuses on those terms that, from a Swedish perspective, have to be fulfilled to entitle deduction for definitive losses in a cross-border merger situation. The thesis analyses one of the ten rulings from the Swedish Supreme Administrative Court which were published in 2009.The ruling is analysed in the light of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, the merger directive and the Court of Justice rulings in Marks & Spencer and Lidl. The purpose is to examine if the Swedish rules concerning cross-border mergers is compatible with the EU-law. The Swedish rules concerning mergers are found in chapter 37 in the Swedish income tax act. To enjoy the rights of the rules in chapter 37 the merger needs to be qualified. The criterion in 11 § stands out as a clear obstacle for the deduction of losses and is therefore examined thoroughly. It states that the transferor company needs to be taxable for some kind of activity in Sweden immediately before the merger. That criterion is not fulfilled if the company is situated in another member state. In the Marks & Spencer case, the Court of Justice stated that a rule which hinders deduction for losses which is considered to be definitive could be a possible breach of the freedom of establishment. The Swedish rules concerning qualified mergers in chapter 37 in the Swedish income tax act was questioned in the case RÅ 2009 ref 13. The criterion stated in § 11 was discussed first by the Swedish tax board and then by the Swedish Supreme Administrative Court as a possible breach of the freedom of establishment. It is in my opinion clear that when a loss is definitive the loss should be entitled to deduction, thus the 11 § could therefore constitute a breach of the freedom of establishment.</p>

Syftet med studien var att beskriva yrkeserfarna sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att arbeta med och stödja nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor. En kvalitativ och beskrivande design användes. Undersökningsgruppen bestod av åtta kvinnliga sjuksköterskor från ett sjukhus i mellansverige. Huvudresultatet visade att de yrkeserfarna sjuksköterskorna var nöjda med nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskors arbetsinsats. En viktig aspekt var att nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor frågade vid osäkerhet för att känna tillit. Sjuksköterskorna ansåg att stöd och uppskattning för att komma in i arbetet och gemenskapen var viktigt för att nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor skulle känna sig trygga. Trots att sjuksköterskorna upplevde att nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor var snabblärda, duktiga och nyfikna på att ta in ny lärdom i yrket, kom det dock fram att det fanns svårigheter att fokusera och prioritera rätt. Genomgående ansågs nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor fokusera mer på dokumentation än omvårdnadsarbetet. Sjuksköterskorna betonade att mer praktik behövdes i grundutbildningen för att bättre förbereda nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor i klinisk verksamhet. Vidare framkom det att längre introduktionstid behövdes i klinisk verksamhet för att komma in i rutinerna och sjuksköterskerollen. Slutsatsen visade att yrkeserfarna sjuksköterskor var nöjda med arbetsinsatsen från nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor. Det ansågs viktigt att fråga vid osäkerhet och att mer fokus behövdes på omvårdnadsarbetet. Mer praktik ansågs nödvändigt för att lättare klara av den kliniska verksamheten. / The aim of the study was to describe professional experienced nurses' experiences of working with and supporting newly qualified nurses. A qualitative and descriptive design was used. The study group consisted of eight female nurses from a hospital in central Sweden. The main results showed that the professional experienced nurses were satisfied with the graduates’ nurses’ job performance. An important aspect was that newly qualified nurses asked if unsure to feel confident. The nurses felt that support and appreciation to get into work and community was important for newly qualified nurses to feel safe. Although the nurses felt that newly qualified nurses were quick to learn, skilled and curious to take on new learning in the profession, was however shown that there were difficulties to focus and 0Tprioritize the right0 Consistentlyconsidered graduates nurses to focus more on documentation than nursing. The nurses emphasized that more training was needed in basic education to better prepare graduate nurses for clinical practice. It was also found that longer introduction where needed in clinical practice to get into the routine and the nursing role. The conclusion showed that experienced nurses were satisfied with the effort from newly graduates’ nurses. It was considered important to ask if in doubt and that more focus was needed on nursing. More training was needed to help manage the clinical operations.

As a chronic disease, asthma presents a significant public health challenge nationally and in Georgia. In 2007, over 22 million people, including over 9 million children, had asthma in the United States. In Georgia, 230,000, or 10% of children have asthma, which is more prevalent among children less than 18 years of age than among adults. While asthma affects people of all ages and socioeconomic status, low income and minority populations have the highest asthma morbidity. This has proven to be the case with residents of Neighborhood Planning Unit V (NPU-V), a low-income minority community located in southeast Atlanta. Children comprise 35% of NPU-V's population, and over half of them live below the poverty line. Among other concerns, children with asthma have higher rates of hospitalization and absenteeism from school than their peers. The hospitalization rates for children with asthma in South Atlanta aged 0-17 years of age is almost five times the rate of North Fulton County. The Georgia State University Institute of Public Health received grant funding for the planning and implementation of the Accountable Communities: Healthy Together-Asthma (ACHT-A) program to help address the problems associated with asthma in NPU-V and among patients of Southside Medical Center (SMC). The capstone project involved development of an evaluation plan for future determinations about the program’s effectiveness in achieving desired outcomes. The evaluation process included development of a logic model and putting systems in place to track and measure specific indicators. The project culminated in a preliminary assessment of selected program activities to establish baseline information for the program, its participants, and SMC staff.