Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:44:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 411934 bytes, checksum: 292238cc72aa1a0364617cde96e9168d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study aims to empirically analyze the intergenerational income mobility in the light of this concept. For this, two empirical tests are performed with education of parents and children data in Canada and Brazil. The methodological procedure consists of: 1) estimate the relationship between the schooling of children and parents and 2) analyze the behavior of the error of the regression through the socioeconomic status of the parents; is expected to reduce the error variance for parents with more education. We opted also by the method of quantile regression, given the problem of identification of model, pointed out by Figueiredo, Lima e Schaur (2014), present in the estimations by least squares. The results showed that in Canada the education of parents has significant influence on the education of children. Furthermore, it was found that the qualified mobility is verified, since the error variance is negatively related to parents' education. The results for Brazil show increasing variance with the level of parental education, so that the intergenerational mobility did not correspond the characteristics of a qualified mobility. / O presente trabalho se propõe a analisar empiricamente a mobilidade intergeracional de resultado à luz do conceito de Igualdade de Oportunidades Qualificada. Para isso, são realizados dois testes empíricos com dados de educação de pais e filhos do Canadá e do Brasil. O procedimento metodológico consiste em: 1) estimar a relação entre a escolaridade dos filhos e dos pais e 2) analisar o comportamento do erro da regressão através do status socioeconômico dos pais; espera-se que a variância do erro reduza para os pais com maior nível de instrução. Optou-se, ainda, pelo método de regressão por quantil, dado o problema de identificação do modelo, apontado por Figueiredo, Lima e Schaur (2014), presente nas estimações por mínimos quadrados. Os resultados mostraram que no Canadá a educação dos pais tem influência significativa sobre a educação dos filhos. Além disso, constatou-se que a mobilidade qualificada é verificada, uma vez que a variância do erro é negativamente relacionada com a escolaridade dos pais. Os resultados para o Brasil mostraram uma variância crescente com o nível de instrução dos pais, de forma que a mobilidade intergeracional não correspondeu às características de uma mobilidade qualificada.

Les professions libérales sont définies par la loi du 22 mars 2012 et sont caractérisées par leur degré de qualification, leur indépendance et leur grande ancienneté pour certaines comme les médecins ou les avocats. En effet, leurs racines peuvent remonter jusqu' à l'Antiquité gréco-romaine et de ce fait, elles sont profondément ancrées dans nos sociétés occidentales.Les professions libérales ont surmonté les grandes crises des siècles passés tout en conservant les règles et traditions qui leurs sont intrinsèques comme l'indépendance ou le respect de règles déontologiques. Néanmoins, ces professions se sont peu à peu rapprochées des modèles classiques du monde des affaires en s'assimilant elles-mêmes à des entrepreneurs et en se regroupant pour exercer. Actuellement, elles font face à de nouveaux changements initiés par la volonté des institutions de l'Union européenne de les rendre plus compétitives et de les soumettre aux règles du droit de la concurrence. La récente et difficile adoption de la loi dite "Macron" en est la parfaite illustration. Ainsi, l'étude de leurs origines et de leur développement permet, d'une part, de comprendre les raisons de l'existence de structures d'exercice qui leurs sont propres et d’autre part, de se questionner sur leur nature, la préservation de leurs caractéristiques et les potentielles limites à l'évolution de leurs modes d'exercice en commun. / Independent professions, which are called in french « professions libérales », are a certain type of professionals highly qualified such as lawyers or medical doctors, for instance.Their common roots are deeply attached to the long history of occidental societies starting from the Greek and Roman Antiquity.They faced and overcame several crisis during their evolution but they managed to preserve their main features such as independence or specific codes of ethics.Indeed, step by step, they started to merge with the common classic business structures and adapt their specificities to the modern economy.Nowadays, they still have to adapt themselves to new major economic stakes including those coming from the European Union requirements of becoming more competitive and follow the rules of competition law.On the one hand, studying the origins of those professions and the way they built themselves, allow us to understand why they needed their own structures and ways of working together. On the other hand, this approach leads us to the following question: Are the independent high qualified professions, or liberal professions, doomed to reach limits in their evolution toward modernity because of their own nature?In France, it seems like they are, and will be, undergoing changes for years to come and maybe their legal definition will also have to evolve with them.

A morbi-mortalidade materna é considerada um problema mundial e representa um desafio à Saúde Pública. O aumento progressivo nos índices de cesarianas tem produzido impactos negativos na qualidade da assistência obstétrica. A atenção qualificada às parturientes é de fundamental importância para a redução desses índices e para a promoção da maternidade segura. Este estudo buscou conhecer a realidade da assistência prestada pelos profissionais de enfermagem às parturientes, no município de Alfenas - MG. Objetivos: Caracterizar os profissionais que compõem a equipe de enfermagem que atuam no atendimento às parturientes e identificar as ações desenvolvidas por eles na prática, correlacionando-as com as competências essenciais ao exercício básico da obstetrícia. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo de corte transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado em duas maternidades. A população estudada foi composta por 24 profissionais de enfermagem (10 enfermeiros, cinco técnicas em enfermagem e nove auxiliares de enfermagem). A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista e observação sistemática, não participante, das ações desenvolvidas pela equipe de enfermagem durante a assistência obstétrica. Foram observadas 38 admissões de parturientes, 38 mulheres em trabalho de parto, 25 partos, 25 mulheres em pós-parto imediato e 25 recepções de recém-nascidos. A estatística descritiva e o teste exato de Fisher foram utilizados para análise das variáveis. Resultados: Os profissionais de enfermagem que prestam assistência às parturientes nas maternidades estudadas são em sua maioria (58,3%) de nível médio, predominantemente do sexo feminino (91,7%) com idade média de 38,25 anos; 54,2% são casadas e 70,8% têm um ou mais filhos; a carga horária média semanal de trabalho é de 49,17 horas sendo que 25% trabalham em dois empregos; 87,5% dos profissionais não participaram de nenhum evento científico na área nos últimos cinco anos; 58,3% dos profissionais estão formados há mais de cinco anos, sendo que, destes, 71,4% são profissionais de enfermagem de nível médio os quais possuem maior tempo de trabalho em maternidade. Profissionais de nível médio que prestam assistência às mulheres durante o trabalho de parto desenvolvendo atividades consideradas de maior complexidade e realizam o parto na ausência do médico, receberam treinamento informal na própria maternidade durante a jornada de trabalho e não são considerados qualificados para esse tipo de atendimento. Os enfermeiros atuam na supervisão e gerenciamento da assistência de enfermagem. Muitas das competências essenciais em obstetrícia, preconizadas pela ICM, são desenvolvidas de forma incompleta, com baixa frequência ou não são desenvolvidas. Práticas obstétricas baseadas em evidências científicas, recomendadas pela OMS, são adotadas nas maternidades; outras, não recomendadas, ainda são utilizadas. Conclusão: De acordo com critérios e requisitos estabelecidos internacionalmente sobre atenção obstétrica qualificada, a realidade apresenta carência de profissionais de enfermagem qualificados para o atendimento às parturientes. O modelo de atenção materna não prioriza a qualificação da equipe de enfermagem e apresenta formas diferentes com relação à divisão do trabalho. Muitas das competências essenciais em obstetrícia não estão sendo desempenhadas. O estudo revela a necessidade de qualificação dos profissionais para executar um atendimento condizente com as metas estabelecidas pela Iniciativa Global por uma Maternidade Sem Risco. / The maternal morbidity mortality is considered a world problem and it represents a challenge to the Public Health. The progressive increase in the indexes of Cesarean has been producing negative impacts in the quality of the obstetric attendance. The qualified attentions to the parturients are of fundamental importance for the reduction of those indexes and for the promotion of the safe maternity. This study looked for knowing the reality of the attendance rendered by the nursing professionals to the parturients, in the municipal district of Alfenas - MG. Objective: To characterize the professionals that compose the nursing team that act in the service to the parturients and to identify the actions developed by them in practice, correlating them with the essential competences to the basic exercise of the obstetrics. Methodology: Descriptive study of traverse cut, of quantitative approach, accomplished at two maternities. The studied population was composed by 24 nursing professionals (10 nurses, five techniques in nursing and nine auxiliaries nursing). The collection of data was accomplished through interview and systematic observation, no participant, of the actions developed by the nursing team during the obstetric attendance. Were observed 38 admissions of parturients, 38 women in stage of labor, 25 childbirths, and 25 women in immediate postpartum and 25 receptions of newborn. The descriptive statistics and the exact test of Fisher were used for analysis of the variables. Results: The nursing professionals that render attendance to the parturients in the studied maternities are in his/her majority (58,3%) of medium level, predominantly female (91,7%) with medium age 38,25 years old; 54,2% are married and 70,8% have one or more children; the medium workload of work weekly is of 49,17 hours, and 25% of workers work in two jobs; 87,5% of the professionals did not participate in any scientific event in the area in the last five years; 58,3% of the professionals are formed more than five years, and, of these, 71,4% are professional of nursing of medium level which possess larger time of work in maternity. Professionals of medium level that render attendance to the women during the labor stage developing activities considered of larger complexity and they accomplish the childbirth in the doctor\'s absence, they received informal training in the own maternity during the work day and they are not considered qualified for that kind of service. The nurses act in the supervision and administration of the nursing attendance. Many of the essential competences in obstetrics, approved by ICM, are developed in an incomplete way, with low frequency or they are not developed. Obstetric practices based on scientific evidences, recommended by WHO, are adopted at the maternities; other, no recommended, they are not used yet. Conclusion: In agreement with criteria and requirements established internationally about attention obstetric qualified, the reality presents lack of professionals of nursing qualified for the service to the parturients. The model of maternal attention does not prioritize the qualification of the nursing team and it presents different forms regarding of the division of the work. Many of the essential competences in obstetrics are not being carried out. The study reveals the need of the professionals\' qualification to execute an suitable service with the established goals for the Global Initiative for a Maternity Without Risk.

A atenção qualificada ao parto tem sido um dos principais focos de ação da Iniciativa Maternidade Sem Risco (IMSR), no intuito de se obter gestações e partos mais seguros para as mulheres e os recém-nascidos e consequentemente diminuir as taxas de morbimortalidade materno-infantil. Este estudo buscou conhecer a assistência que as mulheres, atendidas nos serviços públicos de saúde do município de São Carlos/SP, recebem durante o ciclo gravídico-puerperal, evidenciando as ações desenvolvidas pela equipe de enfermagem. Objetivos: Descrever o perfil dos profissionais de enfermagem que atuam na atenção ao ciclo gravídico-puerperal e identificar as ações desenvolvidas por estes na assistência ao pré-natal, trabalho de parto, parto e puerpério, correlacionando com as competências essenciais ao exercício básico da obstetrícia recomendadas pela Confederação Internacional das Parteiras (ICM). Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo, com uma abordagem quantitativa, que utilizou para a coleta de dados a entrevista estruturada e a observação sistemática das ações desenvolvidas pelos profissionais de enfermagem na assistência ao ciclo gravídico-puerperal. A população estudada foi composta de 84 profissionais de enfermagem, sendo 37 da atenção básica que prestam assistência ao pré-natal e puerpério e 47 da maternidade, que prestam assistência ao parto. Foram observadas na atenção básica, 52 pré-consultas e 47 pós-consultas de pré-natal, 05 abertura de SISPRENATAL, 05 acolhimentos, 05 consulta de pré-natal e 02 consultas puerperais realizadas pelas enfermeiras. Na atenção ao parto foram observadas 22 avaliações obstétricas admissionais, 15 trabalhos de parto, 12 partos normais, 10 cesáreas, 18 recepções de recém-nascido e 18 assistências no alojamento conjunto. A estatística descritiva foi utilizada para descrever e sintetizar os dados. Resultados: Os profissionais são predominantemente do sexo feminino, média de 35,1 anos, casados (62,2%) e com filhos. A média de carga horária encontrada entre os profissionais de enfermagem que prestam assistência na atenção básica foi de 41,6 horas e de 53,9 horas na assistência ao parto, sendo que respectivamente 8,1% e 32% destes profissionais têm mais de um emprego. A média de salários dos auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem que atendem a mulher no o pré-natal e no parto correspondem respectivamente a 43,2% e 37,3% da remuneração média das enfermeiras. Quanto à qualificação profissional, todas as enfermeiras entrevistadas na atenção básica do município referiram ter cursado ou estar cursando pós-graduação lato sensu, sendo 57,14% em saúde da família, 21,43% em enfermagem obstétrica, 7,14% em saúde da família e enfermagem obstétrica, 7,14% em saúde da família e saúde mental e 7,14% em administração hospitalar. Na maternidade, as seis enfermeiras eram especialistas em obstétrica. O tempo de experiência profissional no atendimento às mulheres no ciclo gravídico-puerperal entre os profissionais da atenção básica variou de 1 mês a 20 anos e na maternidade de 1 mês a 25 anos. Os resultados revelam que todos os profissionais são qualificados para a atenção ao ciclo gravídicopuerperal. Quanto às habilidades essenciais em obstetrícia, preconizadas pela ICM, muitas foram realizadas de forma incompletas e outras deixaram de ser realizadas. Conclusões: Na atenção básica as ações desenvolvidas pelo profissional de enfermagem no cuidado à mulher no pré-natal foram predominantemente de suporte, apoio e complementação da assistência médica, sendo discreta a participação da enfermeira na consulta de pré-natal. Na maternidade as enfermeiras atendem na admissão, acompanham o trabalho de parto e realizam a maior parte dos partos normais. Embora ainda existam habilidades específicas a serem realizadas, demonstraram ações moduladas por princípios da humanização, bem como da atenção qualificada. O estudo aponta a necessidade da reorganização da assistência ao pré-natal, inserindo efetivamente o enfermeiro, bem como que a assistência ao parto busque cada vez mais uma assistência qualificada e humanizada, com reconhecimento e autonomia do enfermeiro. / The qualified attention on childbirth has been one of the main focus on the Making Pregnancy Safer Initiative (MPR) in order to obtain safer pregnancies and childbirth to women and the newborns and consequently reduce the rates of maternal and newborns mortality. This study sought to know the assistance that women have in São Carlos/SP city during the puerperal pregnancy cycle spotlighting the nursing team. Objectives: Describe the profile of nursing professionals who work in puerperal pregnancy cycle and identify the actions developed for them in prenatal assistance, labour, childbirth and post-natal period correlating with the essentials competences to the obstetric basic exercising obstetrics recommended by the International Conferation of Midwives (ICM). Metodology: This study is a exploratory descriptive with a quantitative approach which used to collect data structured interview and systematic observation of the actions taken by nursing professionals in assisting puerperal pregnancy cycle. The studied population was composed of 84 nursing professionals being 37 of basic attention that provide assistance to prenatal and post-natal period and 47 of maternity that provide assistance to childbirth. Were observed in basic attention, 52 pre consults and 47 post consults, 05 SISPRENATAL opening, 05 receptiveness, 05 prenatal consults anda 05 puerperal consults undertaken by the nurses. On attention to childbirth were observed 22 admisions, 15 labours, 12 normal births, 10 cesarean, 18 newborn receipts and 18 assistances in accommodation set. It used the descriptive statistics describe and summarise data. Results: Professionals are predominantly female average 31,5 years, married (62,2%) and with children. The average of hourly charge between nursing professionals who provide assistance in basic attention was 41.6 hours and 53.9 hours on birth assistance being respectively 8,1% and 32% of these professionals have more than a job.The average salary of nursing assistants and technicians that assist women on prenatal and birth correspond respectively to 43.2% and 37,3% of the average remuneration of nurses. As vocational qualification, all nurses interviewed in city basic attention mentioned have attended or being attending a post graduation lato sensu being 57,14% in family health, 21,43% in obstetrical nursing, 7,14% in family health and obstetrical nursing, one 7,14% in family health and mental health and just one 7,14% in hospital administration. At maternity all the six nurses were obstetrical experts. Professional experience in assistance to women on puerperal pregnancy cycle between basic attention professionals ranged from 1 month to 20 years and at maternity from 1 month to 25 years.The results reveal that that all professionals are skilled attention to puerperal pregnancy cycle. As regards the essential skills in obstetrics, advocated by the ICM, many were so incomplete and other not performed. Conclusions: On basic attention the actions developed by nursing professionals on women prenatal care were predominantly of support and medical assistance complementation being discreet nurse\'s participation in prenatal consult. Maternity nurses serve in the admission, accompany labour and perform most normal births. Although there are specific skills to be performed, demonstrated actions modulated by principles of humanization as well as qualified attention. The study revels the need for reorganization of prenatal assistance inserting effectively the nurse as well as assistance to childbirth look increasingly a qualified and humanized assistance with recognition and autonomy of the nurse.

Datum:                    2018-01-15 Nivå:                        Kandidatuppsats Företagsekonomi, 15 hp Akademi:                Akademin för Ekonomi, Samhälle och Teknik, Mälardalens Högskola Författare:              Rami Abbas             Simon Issa                          Kevin Landenberg              92/03/26                                 92/02/02                                       94/08/11        Titel:                        Utdelning i fåmansbolag Nyckelord:                         Utdelning, kvalificerade aktier, slopade förslaget 2017, skattebeteende Forskningsfrågor: Vilka eventuella förändringar i beteenden har det slopade förslaget             genererat vid beslutfattande hos fåmansbolag?  Vilken påverkan har skattereformer på skattebeteende? Syfte:                       Syftet med undersökningen är att skapa förståelse över om, hur och varför fåmansbolagen har agerat utefter det slopade förslaget för förändringen på 3:12- reglerna. Utöver detta är syftet också att skapa en förståelse för vilken påverkan skattereformer har på skattebeteende. Metod:                     Regleringar kring fåmansbolagsutdelningsmöjligheter har samlats in och analyserats. Teoretisk datainsamling om reformers påverkan på skattebeteende har insamlats. Utöver detta har det genomförts intervjuer med ägare för fåmansbolag samt auktoriserade revisorer. Slutsats:        Förslaget till förändringar som slopades sommaren 2017 hade ingen nämnvärd påverkan på majoriteten av delägarna i fåmansbolagen. Detta på grund av för komplicerade regleringar. I särskilda fall, när reformer är för komplicerade kräver det för berörda parter en inlärningstid för att ta in ny kunskap och därför inte har varken tid eller kunskap att agera efter reformens krav. / Date:                        2018-01-15 Level:                       Bachelor thesis in Business Administration, 15 cr Institution:                         School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University Authors:                  Rami Abbas             Simon Issa                          Kevin Landenberg              92/03/26                                 92/02/02                                       94/08/11 Title:                        Dividend in close companies Keywords:              Dividend, qualified shares, the canceled proposition 2017, tax behavior Research Questions:               What possible changes in behavior has the cancelled proposition generated at decision making in close companies?                                  What impact do tax reforms have on tax behavior? Purpose:                  The purpose of the survey is to create an understanding about if and how close companies have acted towards the rejected proposition of change in the 3:12 rules. In addition to this, the purpose is also to create an understanding of what impact tax reforms have on tax behavior. Method:                   Regulations regarding dividend opportunities in close companies, have been collected and analyzed. Theoretical data collection on reformers' impact on tax behavior has been collected. In addition, interviews have been conducted with owners of close companies and authorized auditors. Conclusion:              The proposition of change that were rejected in the summer of 2017 had no significant impact on majority of the shareholders at close companies. This is due to complicated regulations. In specific cases, when reforms are too complicated, it requires the involved partners a learning time to acquire new knowledge and therefore do not have the time or knowledge to respond to the reform requirements.

The path to a career in nursing begins on the first day of nursing training and is not completed until the nurses have worked one year in their profession. During the training period, the student nurses have training elements in two different activitysystems: the higher education institution and the healthcare sector. The aim of this study is to examine and highlight the relationship between the different parts of the training as well as how the relationship is manifested during the newly qualified nurses’ initial period in the profession. The research’s overall question is what makes the newly qualified nurses’ learning and knowledge development easier or harder in relation to the different parts of the nursing training. Interviews have been used to create data which have been analysed based on activity theory, a social theory of learning and different ways of describing knowledge. The research findings show that the activity systems have different knowledge cultures, learning processes and patterns of action. The study participants describe the differences in terms of being in ‘different worlds’. The newly qualified nurses do not always have the practical skills that are sought after and, therefore, cannot always act as independent subjects, but become marginalized non-participants who observe the course of events. Supervision and the rounds are the two most demanding duties during the first year in the profession, since these duties have been practiced to a limited extent during the nurse training placement. The supervisory function appears different to newly qualified male and female nurses. The women in the study feel that it is problematic to be a supervisor for older experienced assistant nurses, in that the assistant nurses do not accept them as supervisors. The men do not indicate this as being a problem, rather emphasizing that the assistant nurses support them in the supervisory function. During the rounds, the nurses must inform the doctor of the state of the patients’ health and care needs. The participants feel that it is difficult to live up to the doctors’ demands ahead of the rounds. In summary, my findings show that the different knowledge cultures in the higher education institution and the healthcare sector make the newly qualified nurses’ learning and knowledge development more difficult. During the first year in the profession, the newly qualified nurses learn to be nurses, and they talk about themselves as nurses in a totally different way than at the start of that year. The changed way of talking about themselves indicates that they have recreated their identity from student nurses to nurses.

Bakgrund: Erfarna sjuksköterskor upplever att nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor har svårigheter att arbeta självständigt, hantera det höga arbetstempot, planera sitt arbete och delegering. Dock anser sjuksköterskestudenter att utbildningen förbereder dem för sjuksköterskerollen, samt att de är kompetenta nog att klara arbetet som sjuksköterska. Sjuksköterskestudenter menar även att yrket är mer komplext än de tidigare trott. Metod: Kvalitativ, systematisk litteraturstudie med beskrivande syntes. Analys av 13 artiklar. Syfte: Att beskriva nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda. Resultat: Resultatet består av två teman och sju subteman. Att vara nybörjare inkluderade upplevelsen av att inte vara redo, att ha höga förväntningar, att erfara det oväntade samt att uppleva ett behov av stöd och handledning. Att bli ett med sjuksköterskerollen handlade om att sjuksköterskorna upplevde sig mer självsäkra, var mer tillfreds i sjuksköterskerollen samt hade fått en bättre förståelse för sjuksköterskerollen. Slutsats: Nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor upplevde första tiden som oroväckande och svår. Sjuksköterskerollen kändes överväldigande men med tiden blev den lättare att hantera. Nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor upplevde att de fått en bättre förståelse för arbetet, var mer självsäkra samt höll en högre kvalitet i vårdandet. Resultatet skulle kunna vara till nytta för erfarna sjuksköterskor, arbetsgivare och nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor. / Background: Experienced nurses experience that newly qualified nurses have difficulties in working independently, coping with the high work rate, planning their work and delegating. However, nursing students thinks that nursing school prepares them for the nursing role, and that they are competent enough to handle the work as a nurse. Nursing students also mean that the work is more complex then what they originally thought. Method: Qualitative, systematic literature review with a descriptive synthesis. Analysis of 13 articles. Aim: To describe newly qualified nurses’ experiences of nursing. Results: The result was built out of two themes and seven subthemes. To be a beginner included the experience of not being ready, to have high expectations, to experience the unexpected, and to experience a need for support and preceptorship. To the nurses, becoming one with the nursing role meant becoming more self-confident, to be satisfied with the nursing role and had gotten a better understanding for the role of nursing. Conclusion: Newly qualified nurses experienced the first period, as nurses, to be disquieting and hard. The nursing role felt overwhelming but got easier with time. The newly qualified nurses experienced that they had gotten a better understanding of the profession, had become more self-confident and kept a higher quality of care. The results could be of use for experienced nurses, employers and for newly qualified nurses.

This dissertation analyzed Texas appellate court decisions relating to whether educators' actions were incident to or within the scope of duties and involved the exercise of judgment or discretion in cases involving defamation, motor vehicle exceptions, and excessive force in discipline exceptions. The questions addressed were: (1) How have the Texas appellate courts interpreted Texas Education Code Section 22.051 in litigation against teachers and school administrators for defamation? (2) How have the Texas appellate courts interpreted Texas Education Code Section 22.051 in litigation against teachers and school administrators for injury to students when plaintiffs have sued Texas educator under the motor vehicle exception to the educator immunity law? (3) How have the Texas appellate courts interpreted Texas Education Code Section 22.051 in litigation against teachers and school administrators under the excessive force in discipline exception to the educator immunity law? This dissertation utilized legal research as its methodology. Chapter 3 examines literature with regard to qualified immunity for Texas public school professional employees and discusses the limitations placed upon qualified immunity. Chapter 4 is a comprehensive study of the cases decided by Texas courts involving alleged defamation of students or others by teachers and school administrators. Chapter 5 is a comprehensive study of the cases decided by Texas courts involving the alleged negligent use of motor vehicles by professional public school employees. Chapter 6 is a comprehensive study of the cases decided by Texas courts involving the alleged use of excessive force in disciplining students. Chapter 7 discusses the findings of the analysis of cases as well as the implied limitations regarding qualified immunity of teachers and school administrators.

The diploma thesis deals with the financial analysis of European joint stock companies in the pharmaceutical sector in order to expand the investment portfolio of a field-oriented fund of qualified investors. Selected companies are subjected to financial analysis by selected ratios. Based on these data, they are compared with each other by the method of intercompany comparison according to specified weights and verified in terms of their possible bankruptcy. With the help of these outputs, a proposal to expand the fund's investment portfolio is subsequently formulated.

Judgement by acknowledgement Abstract The topic of this diploma thesis is judgement by acknowledgement, a decision on the merits commonly used in practice, which is supposed to speed up the trial and make it more efficient. The thesis deals with both the judgement by acknowledgement issued under the express consent of the defendant and the so-called fiction of acknowledgement of the claim by the defendant, on the basis of which the judgment by acknowledgement can also be issued. The aim of this thesis is not only to provide comprehensive explanation of the process that precedes the issuance of the judgement by acknowledgement, but also to describe the importance of this judgement, its historic development on the Czech territory and to compare its national legislation with the Slovak one. This paper also highlights some problematic aspects of this judgement and offers possible solutions. The thesis is divided into six chapters. Chapter One deals with the historical development of the judgement by acknowledgement on the Czech territory. In particular, it focuses on establishing a judgement for recognition in to the Czech legal system on the edge of the 19th and 20th century and its reintroduction into the civil process in 1993 - 2009, when the judgement by acknowledgement acquired a form that remained to this...