This study will aim to explore how the framework of Corporate Social Responsibility (henceforth, CSR) can serve as an influencing factor that is correlated to organisations business operations. Departing from research in the area of CSR to broaden the current knowledge, the main purpose of the study is to elaborate on the understandings of CSR and how practices are implemented into organisations.The gaps that will be addressed in this upcoming thesis pertains to how previous studies do not consider unique characteristics that influence the understanding of CSR. There is a lack of empirical findings to support the existing theories in current research. Furthermore, the gaps addressed are derived from the enumerated CSR models that exist to be adapted towards societal development. CSR has become a major topic of discussion in today's society. As a result, the concept has developed into an essential element that companies include into their strategic frameworks, whether it addresses ethical behaviours, treatment of employees, working conditions or geopolitical concerns etc. In today's globalised world, information is more readily available, organisations are assumed to take precautions by acting responsible to gain benefits in the heightened competitive global market.The methods used in this study is regarded as a qualitative study, i.e the data was collected through semi-structured interviews with participants carrying insights of the industry. The data collected in this study will be interpreted and analysed, detailed as an interpretivist paradigm in the forthcoming method chapters. This case study was conducted as an inductive analysis where current theories are explored to support the empirical findings and theoretical framework. The methods selected provide the means of CSR to be explored. CSR in gaming can be considered obsolete at times, where initiatives to consider business ethics, sustainability, consumer interests, and employees well-being are ambiguous. There are many gaming companies that exist globally, hence the reason for selecting Sweden as the area of focus in this case study is based on the accessibility to some of the most successful companies within the industry. The findings of this study shows that the understanding of corporate responsibility is influenced by the decision-makers’ values and beliefs, about what is considered as right or wrong which is influencing the implementation process. Furthermore, the empirical findings provided us to generate an inductive theory regarding how organisations understand their responsibilities. In conclusion, there is a widespread understanding of CSR which is derived from human beliefs. The understanding of CSR among organisations is determining how organisations are implementing responsible practices.

Despite a growing body of research on desistance, there remains a significant gap in understanding the unique experiences of female ex-offenders, particularly within the Swedish context. Much of the existing literature predominantly focuses on male offenders, thereby overlooking gender-specific pathways and challenges faced by women. This qualitative study addresses this gap by exploring how Swedish female ex-offenders navigate desistance, focusing on individual experiences and social contexts. The thematic analysis of interviews with two participants revealed key themes including cumulative disadvantages, contextual embeddedness, developmental trajectories, life course transitions, and the role of agency and structure. Both participants experienced early exposure to drugs and societal barriers that shaped their pathways into and out of crime. Despite systemic barriers, their narratives highlight personal growth driven by motherhood and a desire for change. The study underscores the need for tailored interventions and gender-responsive policies to support women's desistance efforts effectively. Recommendations include addressing the root causes of female offending and facilitating access to support services. By adopting a holistic perspective, policymakers can promote successful desistance and reintegration for women in the criminal justice system.

The hijra community individuals are one of the most neglected and underprivileged sexual minority groups in Bangladesh. Historically this community has been excluded from mainstream society and was compelled to live and work in separate communal spaces. However, new policies of inclusion implemented by government and non-government organizations have resulted in many hijra individuals leaving their communities. In this research, I focused on how the hijra individuals of Bangladesh come out of their hijra communities to find work and accommodation in mainstream society. Based on 11 in-depth ethnographic field interviews and qualitative data analysis, I found that after leaving the community, the hijra individuals living in Dhaka enter a gendered borderland where they occupy a unique outsider-within position. They undertake different survival strategies to survive amongst harsh socio-economic conditions intersected by multiple modes of discrimination such as maintaining a new guru (leader) for social protection, developing support networks, and redefining their gender identity as ‘transgender,' provide the tools to survive life outside their community. Through these findings, I reflect on the ways poor sexual minority groups such as the hijra survive and use their limited resources to find access to housing and informal work. These findings will add to the limited research on hijra and enhance the understanding of the process of minority inclusion. It will help determine the needs of hijra individuals and implement better policies. However, there is scope for further research on hijra individuals across Bangladesh to accurately reflect their inclusion process and the different strategies they implement to survive in the bitter socio-economic condition intersected by multiple modes of discrimination.

Food safety and food waste have many strands and perspectives; one is how managers and staff make decisions. There is limited research on food catering services, how managers and staff deal with food safety and waste, and their decision approaches. To obtain a better understanding, this research sought the lived experiences of managers and staff. The research aim is to explore the lived experiences of managers and staff to better understand their decision behaviour approaches in controlling food safety and food waste. The way forward is to conduct a qualitative phenomenological research focusing on twenty-five purposefully selected managers and staff in Vancouver. Using organisational theory as a lens, data were obtained through semi-structured interviews and non-participant observations. The research used inductive thematic analysis, resulting in nineteen themes. The key findings were inadequate training and planning, improper practices and customer behaviours attributed to internal and external processes and systems; managers and staff lacked appreciation for using a specific approach to support decisions. The researcher introduces systems thinking as one approach to support decision making to enhance control of food safety and waste. The implications include appreciating the interrelationship of factors influencing food safety and food waste. The research limitations were the COVID-19 pandemic, time and resources, and insufficient participant experiences. The research contribution was using systems thinking as one of the approaches to make decisions to enhance control of food safety and food waste in food catering services.

Background: According to the ethical guidelines, family members of the patient should be allowed to be present during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Nurses should be able to, besides performing CPR, decide if family presence is appropriate, support and explain the course of events to the family. Aim: The aim of this study was to illuminate nurses' experiences of family presence during resuscitation. Method: A literature study has been made of 11 qualitative studies, where differences and similarities were analysed. The studies were published between the years 2000 – 2015. Result: Two main themes were identified and five subthemes. The main themes were: "The nurse's experience of their work situation" and "The nurse's experience of the circumstances that affects the nursing". The findings showed that the nurses experienced a dilemma when they needed to decide if family presence was appropriate. The nurses experienced that a bond could be created with the families through the role of support person. They experienced that the family members could participate in the care but they could also be a distraction and a source of stress. Conclusion: Clear local guidelines would facilitate the decision if family presence is appropriate. A support person for the family would also facilitate the family's presence. More education and experience in this subject helps nurses overcome fears of difficulties often associated with family presence.

Published Article / This study was conducted with 29 Grade 12 learners who were studying calculus. The purpose was to explore how the learners responded to questions based on the derivative and why they did so. Data was collected from the written responses of the learners to two assessments carried out over a six-month period as well as interviews with four of the learners. It was found that learners made extensive use of inappropriate formulae, drawn from other sections of the curriculum The study recommends that teachers should not focus solely on how to carry out procedures, but they should also pay attention to why certain procedures are appropriate or not.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskeprofessionen är en kvinnodominerad arena och antalet manliga sjuksköterskor är lågt. Detta är ett resultat av samhällets normer och attityder kring genus. Normer kring genus är inget statiskt utan förändras över tid. Andelen manliga sjuksköterskor ökar men det går trögt. Syfte: Syftet men denna litteraturstudie var att undersöka upplevelsen av att vara man inom sjuksköterskeprofessionen. Metod: Litteraturstudien baserades på tio kvalitativa artiklar. Artiklarna analyserades med induktiv ansats.  Analysen resulterade i två huvudkategorier som mynnade ut i fem subkategorier. Huvudkategorierna var frustration och välbefinnande. Resultat: Resultatet visade på att männen upplevde att deras yrkesval blev ifrågasatt av familj, vänner, patienter och kollegor samt att de kände ett utanförskap på arbetsplatsen. De manliga sjuksköterskorna kände sårbarhet och rädsla inför risken att bli falskt anklagade för sexuellt ofredande samt att vara homosexuella. Risken att bli falskt anklagad för sexuellt ofredande berodde på att männens beröring sexualiserades. Männen upplevde en yrkesstolthet då arbetet kändes meningsfullt. Hos de manliga sjuksköterskorna fanns en vilja att göra gott samt att vårda människor. Slutsats: Det behövs mer forskning om genus utifrån ett manligt perspektiv inom sjuksköterskeprofessionen i Sverige för att bättre förstå problematiken kring varför så få män väljer att bli sjuksköterska. Det behövs även fler studier i genus i förhållande till andra faktorer såsom etnicitet, ålder, klass och sexuell läggning för att få en breddare och djupare bild av manliga sjuksköterskors upplevelse av sin arbetsmiljö.

People in children’s environment can significantly influence the process of inclusion in regular schools,teachers and their perceptions on students with special abilities are recognized asplaying a key role. As such, this study aims at investigating, comparing and analyzing Greek and Swedish primary school teachers’ attitudes on inclusive education for childrenwith mental disabilities, as well as their experiences concerning the impact students’ environment has on their efficient inclusion and development. To this end, interviews with them have been employed for data collection in this cross-cultural qualitative research.

Bakgrund: Hjärnskakning i idrott är vanligt och det finns etablerade riktlinjer för identifiering, hantering och rehabilitering. För tidig återgång till idrott kan medföra risker. Kvalitativ forskning om idrottares upplevelser och erfarenheter av och om idrottsrelaterad hjärnskakning har ej påträffats. Syfte: Att undersöka hjärnskakningsdrabbade idrottares upplevelser och erfarenheter om hjärnskakning inom idrott samt återgång till idrottsaktivitet efter skadehändelsen. Metod: Data insamlades från fem idrottare med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer som analyserades med hjälp av innehållsanalys. Resultat: I studien framkom tre teman; ”Föranledd vårdkontakt”, ”Motiverande och hindrande faktorer för återgång till idrott”, samt ”Resonemang kring hjärnskakning” som innefattade bland annat att idrottarna upplevde undermålig information från vården gällande återgång till idrott efter hjärnskakning och att tränare hade bristande kunskap om omhändertagande vid idrottsskada. Idrottarna uppfattade ett behov av ökad kunskap. Stöttning och förståelse för idrottarens situation från omgivningen påverkade positivt för återgång medan press och rädsla för en ny hjärnskakning hämmade. Konklusion: Föreliggande studie har uppnått syftet att undersöka hjärnskakningsdrabbade idrottares upplevelser och erfarenheter om hjärnskakning samt återgång. Resultaten ökar förståelsen för idrottare som råkar ut för hjärnskakning i idrottssammanhang. Ytterligare forskning behövs för att bilda uppfattning om läget av idrottsrelaterad hjärnskakning i Sverige. / Background: Concussion in sport is common and there are established guidelines for identification, management and rehabilitation. Premature return to play may be dangerous. Qualitative research on athletes' experiences on sport-related concussion has not been found. Objective: To examine concussed athletes' perceptions and experiences about concussion in sports and return to play after their concussion. Method: Data was collected from five athletes using semi-structured interviews and was analyzed through content analysis. Results: Three themes emerged; "Cause for health care", "Motivations and hindrances on return to play", and "Reasoning about concussion”. They included for instance that athletes experienced poor information from health institutions regarding return to play, and coaches had insufficient knowledge of sport-injury management. The athletes perceived a need for increased knowledge. Support and understanding for the athlete's situation had a positive impact on the return to play while pressure and fear of a new concussion inhibited return to play. Conclusion: The objective to examine concussed athletes' perceptions and experiences about concussion in sports and return to play, has been achieved. The results increase our understanding for athletes who sustain concussions in sports. Further research is needed to form an estimation of ​​the extent of sports-related concussions in Sweden.

Idag finns det ett samband mellan ekonomi och hälsa, kopplat till utrikesfödda i Sverige. Det är ofta utrikesfödda som drabbas av ojämlikhet på arbetsmarknaden, som därefter påverkar ekonomin. Ett interventionsprogram (Grönkvistprogrammet) har utvecklats och implementerats i syfte att minska den ekonomiska stressen och främja hälsan på kort- och långsiktig väg av Landstinget Västmanland och Samhällsmedicinska enheten. Studien undersökte deltagarnas upplevelser av programmet. Teorierna KASAM samt Socialt stöd har kopplats samman med resultatet. Metoden i studien hade en kvalitativ ansats och tio deltagare har intervjuats i enskilda intervjuer. Resultatet påvisade att den ekonomiska betydelsen för deltagarna var av stor vikt och hade en viktig roll i det dagliga livet. Programmet hade även påverkat deltagarna genom, förändrade levnadsvanor, mer insikt om ekonomin och relaterade områden samt att de har mer självmakt efter programmet. Deltagarnas positiva upplevelser var att handledarna var kunniga och att materialet förekom på olika språk. Deltagarna hade även fått mer kunskap om Sverige generellt och deltagarna upplevde att spridning av den nya kunskapen var möjlig efter programmet. Utvecklingsmöjligheterna som framkom i resultatet var att programtiden kunde ha varit längre, fler moment i programmet som berör ekonomin, mer extern reklam för programmet samt fortsatt spridning av programmet till andra målgrupper. / Today there is a connection between the economy and health, linked to foreign-born personsin Sweden. There are foreign born who suffer from inequality in the labor market which subsequently affects the economy. An intervention program (Grönkvist program) has been developed and implemented in order to reduce the financial stress and promote health in the short and long-term way of Västmanland County Council and Community Medicine Unit. The study examined the participants' perceptions of the program. The theories SOC and Social support has been linked with the outcome. The method of study was a qualitative approach and ten participants were interviewed in individual interviews. The results demonstrate that the economic importance of the participants were of great importance and had an important role in daily life. The program also had affected the participants through,changing lifestyles, more insight about the economy and related areas and that they havemore empowerment after the program. The participant’s positive experiences was that the supervisors were knowledgeable and that material occurred in different languages. The participants also had gained more knowledge about Sweden and the participants generally felt that dissemination of the new knowledge was possible after the program. The development opportunities that emerged in the result was that the program time could have been longer, more program elements that affect the economy, more external advertising forthe program and the continued spread of the program to other target groups.