Magister Artium - MA (Women and Gender Studies) / Women with disabilities are marginalised in many aspects of societal participation. The majority of women with disabilities in Zambia do not have access to education and this has placed them amongst the poorest of people in the country. The study focuses on the experiences of women with physical disabilities and investigates the challenges they encounter in accessing education at tertiary level. The study comes at a time when the fight for gender equality has gained momentum and aims at promoting economic participation for all members of society without discrimination on the basis of sex or disability. The study engaged ten participants from a tertiary institution in Kamwala, Lusaka. I conducted a feminist qualitative research, which focused on the experiences of 19-30 year old female students with physical disabilities. I used semi-structured interviews in order to collect the data and drew on a qualitative thematic analysis to analyse the data. All standard ethical procedures were adhered to, including anonymity and confidentiality with respect to participants. The results of the study revealed that women with disabilities were often 'othered' due to myths and misconceptions that surrounded disability especially in the African- traditional context. The study also revealed that families played a very important role in ensuring that women and young girls with disabilities had a strong self-image, strong self-esteem and a strong sense of self and ensuring that they felt included within the homes and especially when accessing education. The study further revealed that where family support was lacking, participants faced challenges in accessing education compared to participants who received such support. More so, that educational opportunities in Zambia are generally gendered with more males than females in the education system, across the multiple levels. Access to the tertiary level for this group of women is compromised because challenges in accessing education start at the lower levels and have spill over effects in to the higher levels of education. Financial challenges experienced by women with disabilities and their families also led to fewer women with disabilities being able to participate in schooling. This is because where there were limited resources within the family, women, and girls with disabilities getting an education was not an option.

Multipel skleros, MS, är en neurologisk autoimmun sjukdom som drabbar centrala nervsystemet. Trötthet/fatigue upplevs av många som ett av de svåraste symptomen som inverkar starkt på det vardagliga livet. MS-relaterad fatigue/trötthet ger en känsla av utmattning och brist på energi som kan vara överväldigande. Tröttheten är orimlig i förhållande till de aktiviteter som utförs. Syftet med uppsatsen var att beskriva hur det är att leva med MS-relaterad fatigue/trötthet. Metoden som användes var litteraturstudie med kvalitativ innehållsanalys som baserats på åtta vetenskapliga artiklar. Dataanalysen skedde med hjälp av Fribergs (2006) beskrivning. Ur resultatet framkom fyra teman varav det första var upplevelsen av kroppen som ett fysiskt hinder. Detta tema belyser hur ett antal intervjupersoner upplever sin kropp som ett hinder och hur fatigue/trötthet begränsar och påverkar det dagliga livet. Tema två och tre beskriver hur relationer till familj och vänner kan förändras samt hur den psykiska hälsan påverkas. Det fjärde och sista temat handlar om hur personer som lever med denna trötthet lägger upp strategier och på bästa sätt planerar sin vardag för att orka mer. I diskussionen diskuteras begrepp som hälsa och sjukdom. Vi belyser också hur fysisk träning och annan självhjälp kan minska fatigue/trötthet och öka en människas psykiska hälsa. I de praktiska implikationerna tar vi upp vikten av information och kommunikation som vi anser är grunden till en god vårdrelation. / <p>Program: Sjuksköterskeutbildning</p><p>Uppsatsnivå: C</p>

Palliativ vård och vård i livets slutskede har på senare år uppmärksammats allt mer. I Sverige dör ca 90 000 människor per år och av dem dör ca 85 procent på institutioner. Vård av svårt sjuka och döende förekommer inom all hälso- och sjukvård. Palliativ vård - lindrande vård- påbörjas då kurativ vård - botande vård - inte längre är möjlig. Det övergripande målet med palliativ vård är att uppnå bästa möjliga livskvalitet för patienten och dennes familj. Det innefattar en livssyn som bejakar livet och ser döendet som en normal process men att arbeta som sjuksköterska med palliativ vård inom den slutna vården är ett område som i låg grad beskrivits inom forskning. Däremot finns mer studier gjorda som beskriver distriktssjuksköterskors och hospicesjuksköterkors upplevelser i att arbeta med svårt sjuka och döende patienter.Syftet med studien var att beskriva innebörden i sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda patienter i ett palliativt skede och som vårdas inom den slutna vården. Studien är kvalitativ och vilar på en livsvärldsteoretisk grund. Åtta sjuksköterskorna inom den slutna vården intervjuades i anslutning till respektive arbetsplats. Intervjuerna analyserades sedan utifrån en fenomenologisk hermeneutisk ansats. Resultatet av sjuksköterskornas upplevelser presenteras i åtta teman: tacksamhet över att få ta del av en annan människas liv och avslut, att bli berörd av det kroppsliga och existentiella, att leva platsen och rummet, att ge och ta emot kraft/energi, öppenhet inför patienter och kollegor, att införliva kunskapen i sig själv, förmåga att göra om sig själv och tiden som inte finns. Den tolkade helheten handlar om innebörder av kontraster och det motsägelsefulla i vårdandet. I mötet med patienter som är nära döden, är det viktigt att veta hur vårdarna upplever sin situation. Ökad förståelse och kunskap inom området kan bidra till bättre vårdkvalitet för patienterna samt ge sjuksköterskor bekräftelse i det som de gör i denna prioriterade kontext. / <p>Program: Fristående kurs</p><p>Uppsatsnivå: D</p>

Bröstcancer är en av de vanligaste cancer formerna bland kvinnor runt om i världen. Beskedet bröstcancer väcker starka känslor och kan utlösa ett stort lidande. Kvinnors livsvärld förändras och livet blir centrerat kring sjukdomen. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser i samband med nydiagnostiserad bröstcancer. Metoden som användes var en litteraturbaserad analys av åtta kvalitativa artiklar som analyserads och bearbetades med Evans (2003) analysmodell. Studien resulterade i tre teman: kvinnors känslor och tankar i samband med nydiagnostiserad bröstcancer; stödets betydelse för kvinnor med nydiagnostiserad bröstcancer och kvinnors upplevelse av livsförändring och framtid i samband med nydiagnostiserad bröstcancer.Resultatet visar att kvinnor som lever sina vardagliga liv går plötsligt från ett liv i säkerhet till ett liv i oro, ovisshet och förtvivlan. Därför är dessa kvinnor i stort behov av stöd efter diagnosen. Det krävs som vårdare att ha stor förståelse, öppenhet och följsamhet för att kunna möta kvinnors levda livsvärld för att kunna ge dem en bra vård, lindra lidande, främja hälsa och välbefinnande. / Program: Sjuksköterskeutbildning

Cette thèse porte sur les médiums (tâng-ki, « l’enfant de divination »), leurs différentes pratiques et évolution au cours de l’histoire dans la société taiwanaise. L’enjeu est d’étudier ce domaine médiumnique en employant des approches de sociologie historique et anthropologie religieuse mettant en œuvre une démarche comparative de l’image du médium et de celle perçue après une enquête de terrain. Afin de saisir « le vrai visage » du médium. D’un point de vue méthodologique, cette thèse s’appuie sur une démarche qualitative et l’usage des entretiens directs avec les médiums et médiums apprentis. Le corpus se compose de cinq chapitres. Au chapitre I il y a les travaux de recherche sur les médiums à Taïwan d’où l’exemple du professeur Lin Fu-shih. Les évènements après la libération de l’île de Taiwan ont été relatés ainsi qu’une étude sur l’histoire de la religion à Taiwan basée sur les faits historiques marquants. Pour le chapitre II, la thèse s’articule autour des éléments du terrain où il a été présenté le récit de l’enquête que l’auteur lui-même a mené ; il s’agit de la structuration des temples : exemples de temples publics et privés qui se terminent par l’entrée au temple Tshú-nai. Le chapitre III se consacre principalement à l’univers du médium aux quatre terrains enquêtés marqués par des commentaires et interprétation. Au chapitre IV l’intérêt est porté sur la présentation et description du temple Tshú-nai. Au dernier chapitre, il y a les étapes d’initiation des pratiquants de tsáo-lîng-san (se rendre sur la montagne des esprits) et les histoires annexes des médiums apprentis. / This thesis deals with mediums in taiwanese community (tâng-ki, « the child of divination »), their different practices and how they evolved with time. It aims at studying the medium field using some historical social facts and religious anthropology and a comparative approach to the general image of mediums and that obtained through a field survey to let people know the “real face” of a medium. Methodologically, this thesis relies on a qualitative approach and direct questioning of mediums and mediums to be. The corps of this paper is divided into five chapters. Chapter I is about researches on mediums in Taiwan with reference to Professor Lin Fu-shih. It also presents events which happen after the liberation of the Taiwan Island and a study on relevant historical religious facts in Taiwan. Chapter II deals with the results of a survey. The story of this survey lead by the author himself is reported in this chapter. It is mainly about how temples are structured. The study of some public and private temples will lead to the presentation of Tshú-nai temple. Chapter III specifically covers the medium’s universe discovered in the four areas of the survey followed by commentaries and interpretations. In chapter IV, the thesis focuses on the presentation and description of Tshú-nai temple. The last chapter reveals the different steps of the tsáo-lîng-san believers’ initiation (which includes going to the Spirits' Mountains) and a supplementary history of mediums to be.

RESUMO A exposição ocupacional aos fluidos biológicos é inerente ao trabalho desempenhado pela equipe de enfermagem durante a realização da assistência, tornando o trabalhador susceptível a ocorrência de acidentes e exposto aos fluidos corporais que podem conter diferentes patógenos causadores de doenças como HIV, Hepatite B e C. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa que objetivou compreender a experiência do acidente com fluido biológico e da assistência prestada aos trabalhadores de enfermagem, considerando suas necessidades de cuidado. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais a partir da seguinte questão norteadora: Conte-me como foi para você ter se acidentado com fluido biológico?. Os discursos foram analisados à luz do Referencial de Martin Heidegger onde surgiram as seguintes Unificações Ontológicas: Ser no mundo vivenciando a acidente com fluido biológico; A angústia por ter se acidentado com fluido biológico; As necessidades manifestas pelas trabalhadoras de enfermagem após o acidente com material biológico: vivenciando o cuidado autêntico; Vivenciando o cuidado inautêntico e a impessoalidade após o acidente de trabalho com material biológico; Superação e reorganização do trabalho por meio da transcendência. Os resultados demonstram que após o acidente com fluido biológico as trabalhadoras vivenciam a angústia e a assistência à trabalhadora acidentada é efetiva quanto ao acompanhamento clínico e ambulatorial por meio do protocolo de atendimento, porém ele não aborda questões consideradas fundamentais no ponto de vista do sujeito que sofre o acidente. / Occupational exposure to biological fluids is inherent in the work performed by the nursing staff during the implementation of assistance, making the worker liable to accidents and exposed to body fluids that may contain various pathogens causing diseases like HIV, Hepatitis B and C. This is a qualitative study that aimed to understand the experience of the accident with biological fluid and assistance to the nursing staff, considering their care needs. Individual interviews were conducted with the following question: \"Tell me how it was for you to have crashed with biological fluid?. The reports were analyzed in the light of Martin Heidegger Referential where Ontological Unifications following emerged: Being in the world experiencing the accident with biological fluid ; The anguish because you are injured in biological fluid ; The manifest need for nursing workers after the accident with biological material : experiencing authentic care ; Experiencing care inauthentic and impersonality after work accident with biological material ; Resilience and reorganization of work through transcendence . The results show that after the accident with biological fluid workers experience distress and assisting rugged working is effective for clinical and outpatient follow- through care protocol, but it does not address fundamental issues considered in view of the individual who suffers the accident.

A Mata Atlântica e seus ecossistemas costeiros associados foram fortemente impactados no território nacional pela forma de ocupação e pelo tratamento extrativista da metrópole colonizadora. Com o passar do tempo, o teor dos interesses se transformou. Contudo, a representatividade do bioma se manteve em constante processo de retração, o que causou grande prejuízo à paisagem litorânea, caracterizada, principalmente, pela supressão, dilapidação e deterioração da vegetação de restinga. A presente dissertação propõe uma reflexão sobre tal problemática, analisando a questão no contexto do Nordeste brasileiro, em especial o litoral pernambucano, abrangendo tanto o entendimento do suporte biofísico e sua natural fragilidade, quanto o fator humano e sua relação com o meio. A relevância de se entender esta relação se apresenta fundamental uma vez que o comportamento da sociedade se reflete substancialmente na paisagem, cuja percepção se mostra singular para cada indivíduo, variando em função da rede de referências presente em cada ser. A partir de tal prerrogativa, buscou-se alcançar a compreensão íntima, a essência da significação dos elementos componentes da imagem do litoral por meio das premissas da pesquisa qualitativa a fim de se captar o sentido almejado pelo imaginário humano ao se refugiar na praia. Embora não se tenha intenção propositiva neste trabalho, diante de tal reflexão, a arquitetura paisagística desponta como uma possível mediadora de tais conflitos, promovendo práticas sociais, econômicas e urbanísticas que unam a apreciação estética às necessidades ecológicas. Desse modo, a presença de vegetação outrora repudiada poderia contribuir para facilitar a aceitação popular, beneficiando, consequentemente, seus respectivos ecossistemas e colaborando para a formação de uma cultura paisagística que valorize a identidade do lugar e empreenda o bem-estar humano e do meio ambiente. / The Atlantic Forest and its associated coastal ecosystems were strongly impacted in the national territory by the form of occupation and the extractive treatment of the colonizing metropolis. Over time, the content of interests has changed. However, the representativeness of the biome remained in a constant retraction process, which caused great damage to the coastal landscape, characterized mainly by the suppression, dilapidation and deterioration of the restinga vegetation. This dissertation proposes a reflection on this problem, analyzing the issue in the context of the Brazilian Northeast, especially the Pernambuco coast, encompassing both the understanding of biophysical support and its natural fragility, as well as the human factor and its relationship with the environment. The relevance of understanding this relationship is fundamental since the behavior of society is reflected substantially in the landscape, whose perception is unique for each individual, varying according to the network of references present in each being. From this prerogative, we sought to achieve the intimate understanding, the essence of the meaning of the component elements of the coastal image through the premises of qualitative research in order to capture the meaning sought by the human imagination when taking refuge on the beach. Although the purpose of this work is not intentional in this work, the landscape architecture emerges as a possible mediator of such conflicts, promoting social, economic and urban practices that unite the aesthetic appreciation of ecological needs. In this way, the presence of previously repudiated vegetation could contribute to popular acceptance, thereby benefiting their respective ecosystems and collaborating to the formation of a landscape culture that values the identity of the place and undertakes the human and environmental well-being .

Background: In November 2011, prisoner healthcare in Scotland became the combined responsibility of a partnership between the Scottish Prison Service and the National Health Service. Very little is known about the experience of male prisoners with regard to their health care while in prison and immediately following release. Aim: Against the backdrop of organisational restructure, the purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of male prisoners in order that future policy developments can be more grounded in their experience. Methodology: The study was conducted from a phenomenological perspective. Data was gathered from semi-structured interviews with male ex-prisoners in the community. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed where consent was given; detailed field notes were made in interviews where consent was not given for audio-recording. Transcripts of the recorded interviews and field notes were analysed using inductive phenomenological analysis. Findings: Twenty-nine ex-prisoners participated in semi-structured interviews. Nine consented to being audio-recorded. Analysis revealed the following themes: 1. The meaning of health. Participants experienced their own health predominantly as a physical phenomenon related to their ability to function physically in the world. Mental ill-health had been experienced and was spoken about in terms of stigma and ensuring/maintaining personal safety. Substance misuse was not seen as a health issue but more as an issue of poor service provision. 2. Access to and use of healthcare provisions in prison and the outside community. Problems were experienced regarding medication and the prescribing practices of doctors. Participants’ experience of accessing healthcare services in prison was of a difficult and frustrating process that was controlled by nurses whose attitudes and use of power were perceived as a major factor in prisoners’ ability to access and use the services available. All participants described professionals' high level of mistrust in them and the issues surrounding their health status as a result of the phenomenon known as the credibility gap. This appeared to impact upon their perceived ability to access health care whilst in prison and the outside community. 3. Difficulties in interagency communication of care. Participants expressed experience of an increasingly bureaucratic process of access to health services characterised by form-filling. This was perceived to disadvantage and discourage prisoners with literacy difficulties. Participants expressed that new complaints procedures were not explained and appeared to be designed in a way to deliberately discourage and delay complaints. Participants expressed that the access arrangements for healthcare appointments were also bureaucratic, slow, and perceived to be designed to discourage them from accessing the healthcare services. 4. Vulnerability and hope. The role of the family and the support that they provide following liberation was stated to be important and helpful in preventing relapse into former health threatening behaviours. Such support was also described as helping to prevent participants from becoming embroiled in a revolving door syndrome of release and reoffending. The important mechanisms were identified as a source of accommodation and a permanent address, which was essential to access a number of healthcare services and benefits. Planned, consistent throughcare and opportunities were identified as helpful, especially those from the third sector. Discussion: This study provides a voice to the participants. Healthcare in prison was largely experienced in terms of physical health; mental health is seemingly experienced as stigmatising. Ex-prisoners experience a communication failure among services. Access to healthcare in prison is experienced as overly bureaucratic. Conclusion: Ex-prisoner participants' experiential accounts raise problematic issues relating to the effectiveness of 2011 policy changes that were intended to ensure equity in health services for prisoners and ensure that they received improved opportunities to benefit from NHS care. The changes have not translated into an improved experience for prisoners during and following their incarceration a renewed commitment to providing equivalency of opportunity in healthcare for prisoners is required.

Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is the term for a proposed new eating disorder, used to describe a pathological obsession with healthy or ‘clean’ eating. For individuals with ON, the obsession with eating ‘healthy’ foods, and the elimination of foods considered ‘unhealthy’ or ‘impure’, results in impairment to social, physical, occupational and/or other areas of functioning. Whilst there is still debate as to whether ON describes a distinct eating disorder, and there is no consensus around diagnostic criteria as yet, ON is an emerging topic for research, with more cases coming to light both clinically, and in the media. Although some quantitative research has been carried out in ON, particularly focusing on the measurement and prevalence rates of this proposed disorder, no qualitative studies have been published to date to explore individuals’ personal experiences of ON. Thus, for this project, 40 pre-existing blog entries describing first-person experiences of ON from fifteen women bloggers were analysed using thematic analysis. Five key themes were identified: 1) confusion around diagnosis, 2) initial motivations for a healthier lifestyle, 3) fuelling the problem- social influences, 4) when healthy becomes unhealthy ..., and 5) avoidance, isolation and compensation. The clinical implications of these findings were explored, particularly focusing on the social context of ON, diagnostic crossover between ON and other eating disorders, and the role of fear, perfectionism and perceived control. Whilst the debate around the diagnosis of ON continues, these bloggers’ accounts suggest that ON is experienced as a legitimate and debilitating disorder, worthy of clinical and research investigation in its own right.

Neuroscience is a relatively small and emerging clinical pharmacy specialism focusing on drug therapy for neurological disease. Against a professional momentum for specialist practice within pharmacy, there is paucity both of relevant research, and a clearly defined role for specialist pharmacy practice in neuroscience. A qualitative research study was undertaken, using constructivist grounded theory method, to explore how hospital based pharmacists practicing in neuroscience define and develop their role and specialism. Data were concurrently generated and analysed, through verbatim transcription of telephone interviews with fourteen pharmacists. Data analysis resulted in the identification of three processes: (1) Acquiring and utilising knowledge in practice; (2) Gatekeeping access to drug therapies; (3) Integrating into the neuroscience service. The key findings within each process are: (1) Pharmacists utilise different forms of knowledge and there can be barriers to gaining knowledge. Pharmacists identify strengths in their breadth of clinical knowledge and holistic consideration of patients’ drug therapy. (2) Pharmacists act as barriers to drug therapy but also act to expedite and secure access to drug therapy. (3) Pharmacists act as an organisational nexus between pharmacy and neuroscience services and identify the importance in practice of forming working relationships within neuroscience services, underpinned by trust. The study identified a basic social process: Maintaining an overview of drug therapy for patients with neurological disease. This process conceptualises the tensions experienced by the pharmacists between their role as near-patient facing clinical specialists, but also as pharmacist generalists. The study findings have implications for supporting pharmacy practice in neuroscience.