This diploma thesis deals with a production proces of komponent from hydraulic cylinder, called wreath. The first part is focused on the desciption of the current production proces, with their positive and negative side. In the second part is made a proposal of production proces. At the end je made an economy and technical analysis

Background: Many innovative ideas have been proposed to manage and improve the quality and cost of clinical care. For many innovations, like Total Quality Management (TQM), the &quotblack box&quot of implementation process is not well understood. Empirical work on the process of innovation implementation in health care is limited. Objective: This study was designed to explore how one organisation, Intermountain Health Care (IHC), an acute and primary health care provider in the USA, innovates in implementing TQM organisation-wide to improve and manage clinical quality. More broadly, the study aims to identify factors that contribute to innovation implementation in health care for clinical quality improvement, and to generate a model of innovation implementation in health care for clinical quality improvement. Method: This thesis takes a case study approach using multiple research methods. The main methods used comprise interviews with key personnel, assessment of organisational documents and a survey of clinicians' and managers' attitudes and beliefs. Findings: The main finding of the research is that innovation implementation at IHC was a journey, not a destination. Embedded in the journey were five periods and many actions and interactions, grouped into eleven elements. The five periods were: exposing to an innovative idea, embracing the idea, extending knowledge and experience on the idea, emerging of strategies to implement the idea organisation-wide, and enacting and adapting the strategies. The eleven elements were: gestation, shocks, plan, proliferation, fluid participation, setbacks, criteria shift, top executive involvement, relationships and infrastructure building, and adoption. To implement TQM organization-wide, integrated structures and systems were being instituted. The study found that resistance to change came from not only some physicians but also hospital administrators. The study also found that supportive environments played a critical role in the journey. While the TQM implementation at IHC resulted in some cost savings and some behavioural changes including clinical practice change, cultural change at the level of values and beliefs had yet to occur. Conclusion: A process-oriented integrative model of clinical service management is proposed. The elements of an innovation, the temporal change processes, lead to formation and changes of the ongoing organisational processes, which in turn evaluate and improve the important clinical processes. These processes integrate TQM with other quality improvement approaches; also ensure that quality is part of the dialogue between key stakeholders who are responsible for managing and improving clinical quality and costs. These processes also are capable of dealing with dilemmas faced in health care and the constantly created managerial ideas and clinical knowledge. Key Words: Innovation, Clinical Outcomes, Knowledge, Quality and Costs, TQM Management

An analytical method for predicting life-cycle maintainability labor costs is developed. The purpose of the analytical method is to allow the evaluation of products, based on life-cycle labor cost, early in the design process. The Boeing 737-300/400/500 Bleed Air Control System is used as a test model, and the results of the analysis are compared with historical data from this system. Four prospective design changes to the Bleed Air Control System are analyzed to demonstrate the ability of the analytical method to compare different designs or design changes. / Graduation date: 1997

Background The OEMs are facing fundamental changes. The importance of the quality of products in the automotive industry has changed to being exclusively dependent on the demand and sense of the customer. The OEMs have to react quickly on trends to fulfill the customer demands and be technically innovative. These innovations and intensity of their implication lead to a high cost pressure for the OEMs again. Therefore, the OEMs need to work together with their suppliers. Production strategies like TQM or outsourcing are known as the key to success. Although cost and quality management themselves are quite well-investigated in literature, and the use of both TQM and outsourcing are widely implemented in the OEMs’ strategies to improve quality and reduce costs, studies about the combination of TQM and outsourcing and their impact on quality and costs cannot be found. The wide spread opinion of managers is that quality and costs cannot support each other. Purpose In our Master Thesis we wanted to find out how quality and costs are related to each other to fulfill the given goals. The purpose was to examine the impact of the two common methods, TQM and outsourcing, on costs and quality for the OEMs. We explored how the concepts interact and support costs and quality. Furthermore, the analysis states how these approaches are related within a supply chain and how automobile manufacturers can use both approaches to assure low costs and high quality at the same time. Method Our Master Thesis is a theoretical study based on a qualitative research method. We used scientific articles and literature for the theory and combined these in the analysis with the data and results from previous case studies as the empiric value. We combined this through the deductive approach. We not only used a positivistic view, but we also used a hermeneutic view due to the fact that analysis and conclusion incorporate both scientific articles and also personal interpretations. Results and Conclusion We concluded that precisely these two methods, outsourcing and TQM, supplement each other and fit together very well to assure the efficiency of the automobile OEMs with high quality and low costs at the same time. This is due to the fact that outsourcing is often used in companies and reduces the costs of OEMs; and TQM alone leads to quality improvements. Not only do they work well separately in companies, but outsourcing lays ideal foundations for an efficient TQM implementation. Suggestions on Continued Research We could not find any studies where these two approaches were researched in combination. Thus, one good future research could be to go on with empirical analyses about this theme in the automotive industry, for example by conducting surveys or interviews with OEMs. A case study about the combination of TQM and outsourcing could verify our mostly from the theory concluded results of the interrelation. A further deviation on the research could be that suppliers, instead of OEMs, could be the focus of the study.

<p>Background</p><p>The OEMs are facing fundamental changes. The importance of the quality of products in the automotive industry has changed to being exclusively dependent on the demand and sense of the customer. The OEMs have to react quickly on trends to fulfill the customer demands and be technically innovative. These innovations and intensity of their implication lead to a high cost pressure for the OEMs again. Therefore, the OEMs need to work together with their suppliers. Production strategies like TQM or outsourcing are known as the key to success. Although cost and quality management themselves are quite well-investigated in literature, and the use of both TQM and outsourcing are widely implemented in the OEMs’ strategies to improve quality and reduce costs, studies about the combination of TQM and outsourcing and their impact on quality and costs cannot be found. The wide spread opinion of managers is that quality and costs cannot support each other.</p><p>Purpose</p><p>In our Master Thesis we wanted to find out how quality and costs are related to each other to fulfill the given goals. The purpose was to examine the impact of the two common methods, TQM and outsourcing, on costs and quality for the OEMs. We explored how the concepts interact and support costs and quality. Furthermore, the analysis states how these approaches are related within a supply chain and how automobile manufacturers can use both approaches to assure low costs and high quality at the same time.</p><p>Method</p><p>Our Master Thesis is a theoretical study based on a qualitative research method. We used scientific articles and literature for the theory and combined these in the analysis with the data and results from previous case studies as the empiric value. We combined this through the deductive approach. We not only used a positivistic view, but we also used a hermeneutic view due to the fact that analysis and conclusion incorporate both scientific articles and also personal interpretations.</p><p>Results and Conclusion</p><p>We concluded that precisely these two methods, outsourcing and TQM, supplement each other and fit together very well to assure the efficiency of the automobile OEMs with high quality and low costs at the same time. This is due to the fact that outsourcing is often used in companies and reduces the costs of OEMs; and TQM alone leads to quality improvements. Not only do they work well separately in companies, but outsourcing lays ideal foundations for an efficient TQM implementation.</p><p>Suggestions on Continued Research</p><p>We could not find any studies where these two approaches were researched in combination. Thus, one good future research could be to go on with empirical analyses about this theme in the automotive industry, for example by conducting surveys or interviews with OEMs. A case study about the combination of TQM and outsourcing could verify our mostly from the theory concluded results of the interrelation. A further deviation on the research could be that suppliers, instead of OEMs, could be the focus of the study.</p>

Byggbranschen är inte lika utvecklad inom förbättringsarbete och standardiserade processer som andra tillverkningsindustrier. Detta ger utrymme till forskning och utveckling inom området. Slöseri inom byggbranschen kan uppgå till 35 % av ett byggprojekts totala produktionskostnad. Genom att ta tillvara på den kunskap och de erfarenheter som finns inom företagen hos medarbetarna kan detta slöseri reduceras.Syftet med arbetet är att fastställa en standardiserad process för erfarenhetsåterföring. I arbetet analyseras och redogörs för hur erfarenhet kan spridas inom företaget genom standardiserade processer och verktyg, för att tas tillvara på och användas i framtida arbete. Riktlinjer för erfarenhetsåterföring ligger i grund för tillämpning av standardiserade verktyg och processer vid förbättringsarbete. Examensarbetet har inriktning mot erfarenhetsåterföring i hela byggprocessen, från projektering till avslutat projekt.Examensarbetet utformades genom en kvalitativ tvärsnittsstudie med en abduktiv ansats. Arbetet har utförts på Wästbygg där empirisk data insamlats genom intervjuer. Intervjuerna utformades semistrukturerat för att ge möjlighet till följdfrågor och fördjupning kring ämnet. Forskning visar att det är av yttersta vikt att arbeta med erfarenhetsåterföring vilket insamlad empiri understryker. Det teoretiska och det empiriska resultatet redovisar att det existerar en vilja till att arbeta med erfarenhetsåterföring. Dock försvåras förbättringsarbetet av diverse faktorer. Tidsbrist i form av att snabbt gå vidare till nya projekt gör att erfarenhetsåterföring blir lidande. Bristen på standardiserade processer för arbetet med erfarenhetsåterföring bidrar även till svårigheter inom ämnet. Enligt insamlad empiri är databaser med nedskrivna dokument för komplicerade för effektiv erfarenhetsåterföring. Detta leder till att författarna föreslår att verktyg bör grundas i verbal erfarenhetsåterföring som stöttas av systematiserad dokumentstyrning. Det läggs likväl tyngd på att erfarenhetsåterföring skall arbetas med kontinuerligt i byggprocessen genom ett systematiserat arbetssätt. / The construction industry has more undeveloped improvement work and standardized processes than its counterparts in manufacturing, which leads to scientific research openings and development opportunities. In the construction industry, waste may account for 35 % of the total production cost of a construction project. Through the utilization of knowledge and the experience that the companies possesses, the waste may be reduced.The purpose of this thesis is to determine a standardized process for experience feedback. This thesis will analyze and describe how experience and knowledge may be distributed throughout the company by using standardized processes and tools. The application of standardized tools and processes within the improvement work is based on guidelines for experience feedback. This thesis focuses on experience feedback for the whole construction process, from projection of a construction project until its finalization.The thesis was designed through a qualitative cross sectional study and was executed at the construction company Wästbygg. Empiric data was obtained through interviews, which was given a semi structural design for the enablement of a more precise study. Based on empirical studies, research shows how essential experience feedback is. Moreover, the research shows that absent experience feedback is caused by obstructive factors, rather than a commitment towards continual improvement. Lack of standardized processes for continual improvement contributes to difficulties within the area of experience feedback, as well as the time constraints that occur from moving to a new project. Experience feedback throughout written documents within a database is too complicated according to the empiric studies. To obtain a successful experience feedback, verbal communication tools should be used. Therefore, it is essential with continuous systematic experience feedback during the entire construction process.

Quality is the key to a well executed product or service. The construction industry hasn’t highlighted the quality in recent times which have contributed to the construction industry receiving much criticism in the field. The public sees it as an offhanded industry where errors and delays are common.The reason for this is considered to be primarily the lack of time, constant pressure to reduce costs and skills and the ability to communicate between the parties about what the correct quality really means. The industry has begun to realize that it must start setting clearer standards and that there are great opportunities for improvement.This report will give Peab an opportunity to develop their quality work. The report highlights Peab residential area of Stockholm market position with the current quality of subcontractors and suppliers. It also provides suggestions on how Peab in a better way can work with quality and with this becoming a more competitive player in the market. The conclusions that can be drawn from this study is that Peab is aware of the problem and has begun work on improvements to enhance quality of work. Peab, for example, developed tools for gathering experience. Unfortunately these methods were used poorly and not to the degree that is required. Peab also works with partnering, based on long term business relationships. Correct use of partnering increases the chances of higher quality in the projects. Concrete proposals for improvements that this report highlights include higher standards in the procurement process, dare make demands on the quality of subcontractors and suppliers, learn from the mistakes made and disseminate the knowledge within the Group and work with long-term business relationships in which partners can develop one another .