Les applications en temps réel, telles que les systèmes de conférence multi-utilisateurs, ont des exigences de qualité de service élevées pour garantir une qualité d'expérience décente. De nos jours, la plupart de ces conférences sont effectuées sur des appareils sans fil. Ainsi, les appareils mobiles hétérogènes et la dynamique du réseau doivent être correctement gérés pour fournir une bonne qualité d’expérience. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons deux algorithmes pour construire et gérer des sessions de conférence basées sur un réseau défini par logiciel qui utilise à la fois la distribution multicast et l’adaptation de flux. Le premier algorithme configure la conférence téléphonique en créant des arborescences de multidiffusion pour chaque participant. Ensuite, il place de manière optimale les emplacements et les règles d’adaptation des flux sur le réseau afin de minimiser la consommation de bande passante. Nous avons créé deux versions de cet algorithme: le premier, basé sur les arborescences les plus courtes, minimise la latence, tandis que le second, basé sur les arborescences, minimise la consommation de bande passante. Le deuxième algorithme adapte les arborescences de multidiffusion en fonction des modifications du réseau qui se produisent pendant un appel. Il ne recalcule pas les arbres, mais ne déplace que les emplacements et les règles d’adaptation des flux. Cela nécessite un calcul très faible au niveau du contrôleur, ce qui rend notre proposition rapide et hautement réactive. Des résultats de simulation étendus confirment l'efficacité de notre solution en termes de temps de traitement et d'économies de bande passante par rapport aux systèmes de conférence existants basés sur une unité de contrôle multipoint et une multidiffusion de couche d'application. / Real-time applications, such as Multi-party conferencing systems, have strong Quality of Service requirements for ensuring a decent Quality of Experience. Nowadays, most of these conferences are performed on wireless devices. Thus, heterogeneous mobile devices and network dynamics must be properly managed to provide a good quality of experience. In this thesis, we propose two algorithms for building and maintaining conference sessions based on Software-Defined Network that uses both multicast distribution and streams adaptation. The first algorithm set up the conference call by building multicast trees for each participant. Then, it optimally places the stream adaptation locations and rules inside the network in order to minimize the bandwidth consumption. We have created two versions of this algorithm: the first one, based on the shortest path trees is minimizing the latency, while the second one, based on spanning trees is minimizing the bandwidth consumption. The second algorithm adapts the multicast trees according to the network changes occurring during a call. It does not recompute the trees, but only relocates the locations and rules of stream adaptation. It requires very low computation at the controller, thus making our proposal fast and highly reactive. Extensive simulation results confirm the efficiency of our solution in terms of processing time and bandwidth savings compared to existing conferencing systems based on a Multipoint Control Unit and Application Layer Multicast.

Magister Scientiae - MSc / Telecommunication companies, service providers and large companies are now adapting converged multi-service Next Generation Networks (NGNs). Network management is shifting from managing Network Elements (NE) to managing services. This paradigm shift coincides with the rapid development of Quality of Service (QoS) protocols for IP networks. NEs and services are managed with Policy Based Network Management (PBNM) which is most concerned with managing services that require QoS using the Common Open Policy Service (COPS) Protocol. These services include Voice over IP (VoIP), video conferencing and video streaming. It follows that legacy NEs without support for QoS need to be replaced and/or excluded from the network. However, since most of these services run over IP, and legacy NEs easily supports IP, it may be unnecessary to throw away legacy NEs if it can be made to fit within a PBNM approach. Our approach enables an existing PBNM system to include legacy NEs in its management paradigm. The Proxy-Policy Enforcement Point (P-PEP) and Queuing Policy Enforcement Point (Q-PEP) can enforce some degree of traffic shaping on a gateway to the legacy portion of the network. The P-PEP utilises firewall techniques using the common legacy and contemporary NE management protocol Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) while the Q-PEP uses queuing techniques in the form Class Based Queuing (CBQ) and Random Early Discard (RED) for traffic control. / South Africa

Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T19:00:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gutman.pdf: 697447 bytes, checksum: d71c90b3d439f7ec822865dda001c73d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / This work has as main objective the development of a key factors¿ model for the quality of Home Broker systems. An explanatory research was performed, based on a quantitative approach. To achieve this goal, some theoretical models of technology acceptance (TAM, TRA, TPB and IDT), reliability and quality of service were reviewed. It was proposed an extended key factors¿ model and developed a questionnaire, which was the research instrument used in this study. The questionnaire was applied over the Internet, from which was obtained a participation of 113 valid respondents, all of them users of Home Broker system. Once performed the data collection, statistical tests were used for the Factorial Analysis in order to achieve a definitive model. The key factors found were Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Subjective Norms, Compatibility, Reliability and Relative Advantage. Some hypotheses from the model were also tested to investigate the relationship between the importance given to the factors and the resulting degree of satisfaction about quality of service. As a result of the study, a key factors¿ model for the quality of Home Broker systems was established, and identified that the factor Compatibility' has more explanatory power than the others.' / Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal a elaboração de um modelo de fatores-chave na qualidade de sistemas de Home Broker. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa de natureza explanatória por meio de abordagem quantitativa. Para atingir este objetivo, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura acadêmica relacionada aos modelos de aceitação de tecnologia (TAM, TRA, TPB e IDT), confiança e qualidade do serviço. Foi proposto um modelo estendido de fatores-chave e elaborado um questionário, sendo este o instrumento de pesquisa que foi utilizado neste estudo. Aplicado o questionário a partir da Internet, obteve-se uma participação de 113 respondentes válidos, sendo todos usuários de sistemas de Home Broker. Uma vez efetuada a coleta de dados, foram adotados testes estatísticos relativos à Análise Fatorial, com o propósito de obter-se um modelo definitivo. Foram encontrados os seguintes fatores-chave: Utilidade Percebida, Facilidade de Uso Percebida, Normas Subjetivas, Compatibilidade, Confiança e Vantagem Relativa. Foram também testadas hipóteses a partir do modelo identificado, apurando qual a relação existente entre a importância atribuída aos fatores resultantes e o grau de satisfação com a qualidade. Como resultado do estudo, estabeleceu-se um modelo de fatores-chave na qualidade de sistemas de Home Broker, e identificou-se que o fator ¿Compatibilidade¿ possui poder explicativo maior que os demais.

ANTONIOLI, R. P. Adaptive radio resource allocation algorithm for user satisfaction maximization in multiple services wireless networks 2017. 102 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia de Teleinformática)–Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017. / Submitted by Renato Vasconcelos (ppgeti@ufc.br) on 2017-09-08T17:54:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_rpantonioli.pdf: 2283273 bytes, checksum: 32511d6360c80cf9a9c0da22fd48abd9 (MD5) / Rejected by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br), reason: Prezado Roberto, No sumário deixe o mesmo espaço entre as linhas para não caracterizar destaque entre as partes. O espaçamento entre as linhas deve ser igual em todo o sumário. Na lista de referencias vc está entrando com o nome dos autores da ordem direta. Ex E. B. Rodrigues A ABNT orienta que a entrada deva ser pelo ultimo nome, seguido do pré nome e em letras maiúsculas. Ex RODRIGUES, E. B. A informação de volume, número e paginas nos periódicos deve ser v. n. p. e não vol. (jun 8) pp. A ABNT orienta que o destaque do titulo deve ser feito com uso de negrito ou itálico. Não deve ser usado aspas para destacar. Marlene Rocha 3366-9620 on 2017-09-08T18:25:36Z (GMT) / Submitted by Renato Vasconcelos (ppgeti@ufc.br) on 2017-09-11T12:20:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_rpantonioli.pdf: 2271870 bytes, checksum: 26e03c37f9813aef148e10fd485d638e (MD5) / Rejected by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br), reason: Prezado Roberto, Acredito que vc não observou bem o template pois nele o Sumário deve ter o alinhamento das referencias e Apêndices logo abaixo da letra C de conclusão e não volta pra margem abaixo do numeral como vc fez. Coloca-se Apendice A Seguido do título; Apendice A1 seguido do título e assim sucessivamente. Na lista de referencias e não bibliografia, quando se faz a referencia do artigo de periódico, o que fica em negrito é o nome da revista e não o titulo do artigo. Sempre oriento para seguir o template, pois nem sempre consigo alertar para todas as informações que devem ser normalizadas. Marlene Rocha on 2017-09-11T14:19:49Z (GMT) / Submitted by Renato Vasconcelos (ppgeti@ufc.br) on 2017-09-12T13:24:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_rpantonioli.pdf: 2272891 bytes, checksum: 4c42510647ca99464e990e3112f1daca (MD5) / Rejected by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br), reason: Roberto, Não sei se me fiz entender, caso contrário peço desculpas e vou tentar ser mais clara. Falta ainda corrigir pra ficar no padrão ABNT: 1. Como sua dissertação é em língua inglesa, apenas a capa, a folha de rosto (que segue a capa) e a ficha devem ser em português, a folha de aprovação vc já coloca em ingles. A capa está certo, mas na folha de rosto vc tem que colocar que é dissertação, pois no Brasil tese é para doutorado. Logo corrija na folha de rosto a informação de dissertação. A ficha está certo. 2. Na folha de aprovação, como já falei é toda em inglês. Traduza colocando sempre dissertação pois aqui esse é o termo correto. O resto está tudo normalizado. Espero ter sido clara. Qualquer dúvida estou a disposição. Marlene 3366-9620 on 2017-09-12T13:44:08Z (GMT) / Submitted by Renato Vasconcelos (ppgeti@ufc.br) on 2017-09-12T16:06:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_rpantonioli.pdf: 2272907 bytes, checksum: 8152058c23c3f80ddeda29cdb7dd8cb9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br) on 2017-09-12T17:17:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_rpantonioli.pdf: 2272907 bytes, checksum: 8152058c23c3f80ddeda29cdb7dd8cb9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-12T17:17:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_rpantonioli.pdf: 2272907 bytes, checksum: 8152058c23c3f80ddeda29cdb7dd8cb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-10 / The enriched service scope, the steep increase in mobile traffic volume, and the ever increasing number of connected devices in mobile networks coupled with the scarcity of electromagnetic spectrum have raised the importance of designing flexible and ingenious means to guarantee high user satisfaction levels. Therefore, in order to capture and maintain a representative share of the wireless communication market, effective ways to manage the scarce physical resources of cellular networks are fundamental for cellular network operators. The Radio Resource Allo- cation (RRA) algorithms are responsible for performing such a relevant and arduous task. The efficiency of such algorithms is essential so that there exists a fair resource allocation among users and the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of each individual user are met, thus guar- anteeing high user satisfaction levels. The recent scenarios of cellular networks are composed of a wide range of available services for mobile users, which demand conflicting QoS requirements. In order to achieve the objective of user satisfaction maximization in such networks, we formulate a utility-based cross-layer opti- mization problem targeted at maximizing the user satisfaction in multi-service cellular networks. The optimal solution of the proposed problem is very hard to be found. Thus, we mathematically manipulate the problem and derive a low complexity suboptimal solution from which we design an adaptive RRA technique. Our technique is composed of user weights and an innovative ser- vice weight that is adapted to meet the satisfaction target of the most prioritized service chosen by the network operator. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is scalable to several classes of service and can be employed in the current and future generations of wireless systems. The performance evaluation of the proposed algorithm was conducted by means of system-level simulations in various scenarios. The evaluation was performed considering different multi- service scenarios. Then, the performance was evaluated considering imperfect Channel State Information (CSI) estimation at the transmitter. Significant gains in the overall system capacity were obtained in comparison with four benchmarking algorithms from the literature, demon- strating that the adaptability and service prioritization of the proposed algorithm are effective towards the objective of simultaneously maximizing the user satisfaction for multiple services. / O escopo enriquecido de serviços, o aumento acentuado do volume de tráfego móvel e o nú- mero cada vez maior de dispositivos conectados nas redes móveis, acompanhado pela escassez do espectro eletromagnético, aumentaram a importância de projetar meios flexíveis e engenho- sos para garantir altos níveis de satisfação dos usuários. Portanto, para capturar e manter uma participação representativa no mercado das comunicações sem fio, mecanismos efetivos para gerenciar os recursos físicos escassos das redes celulares são fundamentais para as operadoras das redes celulares. Os algoritmos de alocação dos recursos de rádio (do inglês, Radio Resource Allocation (RRA)) são os responsáveis por executar essa tarefa tão relevante e árdua. A eficiên- cia desses algoritmos é essencial para que exista uma alocação justa de recursos entre os usuários e os requisitos individuais de qualidade de serviço (do inglês, Quality of Service (QoS)) de cada usuário sejam atendidos, garantindo assim altos níveis de satisfação dos usuários. Os cenários atuais das redes celulares são compostos por uma ampla gama de serviços disponí- veis para usuários móveis, que exigem requisitos de QoS conflitantes. Para alcançar o objetivo de maximizar a satisfação dos usuários nessas redes, formulamos um problema de otimização baseado na teoria da utilidade considerando múltiplas camadas que visa maximizar a satisfação dos usuários em redes celulares com múltiplos serviços. A solução ótima do problema proposto é muito difícil de ser encontrada. Dessa forma, nós manipulamos matematicamente o problema e derivamos uma solução subótima de baixa complexidade a partir da qual nós desenvolvemos um mecanismo adaptativo de RRA. Nosso mecanismo é composto por prioridades relacionadas aos usuários e uma inovadora prioridade relacionada ao serviço que é adaptada para atender um objetivo de satisfação dos usuários de um serviço com maior prioridade escolhido pela opera- dora da rede. Além disso, o algoritmo proposto é escalável para várias classes de serviço e pode ser empregado nas gerações atuais e futuras de sistemas celulares. A avaliação de desempenho do algoritmo proposto foi realizada por meio de simulações sistêmi- cas em vários cenários. A avaliação foi realizada considerando diferentes cenários com múltiplos serviços. Então, o desempenho foi avaliado considerando estimativa imperfeita da informação do estado de canal (do inglês, Channel State Information (CSI)) no transmissor. Ganhos signi- ficativos foram obtidos na capacidade total do sistema em comparação com quatro algoritmos encontrados da literatura, demonstrando que a adaptabilidade e priorização do serviço feita pelo algoritmo proposto são eficazes para atingir o objetivo de maximizar simultaneamente a satisfa- ção dos usuários para múltiplos serviços.

The main objective of this research is to examine the relationship between the internal and external service quality dimensions in Egyptian commercial banks. To achieve this objective, the thesis introduced the internal–external service quality model which proposes that the internal service quality has a positive impact on the external service quality. The research model was developed and tested empirically through three main stages. The first stage was based on the extensive review of the literature in order to identity the concepts and measures of the internal and external service quality. In this stage, the research objectives were identified. The second stage was concerned with the building of the internal–external service quality model which proposed that the internal service quality dimensions have a significant positive impact on external service quality. To identify causal indicators for this relationship, some control variables were used and a set of empirically testable hypotheses were developed. [Continues.]

Les applications modernes s’appuient sur des architectures qui combinent de plus en plus de composants logiciels émanant de plusieurs éditeurs, implantant des fonctions de plus en plus spécialisées, et très souvent déployés dans le « cloud ». De ce fait, ces applications nécessitent une dynamique et une adaptation certaines vis-à-vis des flux de données que leurs composants échangent et des besoins de qualité de service (QdS) que ces flux requièrent. Pour la majorité des applications, il s’avère difficile d’identifier à l’avance l’ensemble des flux et/ou d’exprimer précisément les besoins de QdS associés. Ainsi, fournir un service de communication réseau capable de répondre et de suivre les besoins de ces applications sans gaspiller, par surdimensionnement, l’utilisation des ressources réseau, pose plusieurs défis aux réseaux de communication supports, notamment un haut degré de flexibilité, largement au-delà des possibilités des réseaux de communication actuels. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est de développer le concept de réseau guidé par les applications (ADN : Application Driven Networking), réseau capable d’offrir des services de communication personnalisés et dynamiques aux applications. Le qualificatif personnalisé signifie que le service ADN répond à des besoins de communication applicatifs exprimés avec un niveau de granularité très fin pouvant aller jusqu’aux flux élémentaires. Ces besoins peuvent être exprimés explicitement par l’application ou inférés par le réseau par analyse du trafic. L’aspect dynamique signifie que le service ADN est reprogrammé et ajusté pour suivre l’évolution des besoins de l’application dans le temps. Les contributions de ce travail de thèse couvrent plusieurs points. Nous avons défini l’architecture générale d’un réseau ADN bâti sur une infrastructure réseau de type SDN (Software Defined Network) en explicitant ses composants fonctionnels et en spécifiant les interfaces entre composants. Nous avons développé les algorithmes de ses principaux composants, notamment deux algorithmes d’allocation de ressources réseau qui calculent les chemins de données et les ressources réseau à y réserver pour satisfaire les exigences de bande passante et de délai des services ADN, tout en optimisant l’utilisation de ressources. Nous avons mis au point deux heuristiques de migration des services ADN afin de répartir aux mieux la charge du réseau et d’augmenter l’admissibilité des requêtes des services ADN à venir. Nous avons développé un prototype démonstrateur de réseau ADN qui fournit un ensemble de services ADN à des applications dynamiques basées sur le middleware temps réel DDS (Data Distribution Service). / Modern applications are typically composed of lots of software components that tend to implement self-contained specialized functions. These components are often supplied by many software editors and provisioned and accessed via the cloud. As a consequence, the data flows that are exchanged between applications’ components and their QoS requirements vary over time. Moreover, in many situations, it is quite difficult to pre-identify this set of data flows and/or express precisely the associated QoS. Hence, providing a network service that meets application requirements and dynamically evolves with their needs without uselessly wasting network resources poses several challenges to the underlying communication network. Notably, the necessity of a high level of flexibility, far beyond the capabilities of today’s communication networks. The aim of this PhD is to develop the Application Driven Networking (ADN) concept, which is able to provide tailored and dynamic network services to applications. Tailored means that the ADN service captures a fine-grained description of application needs, which can consider elementary flows. These needs can be expressed, either, explicitly by the application or inferred by the network by traffic analysis. The dynamic facet means that the ADN service is reprogrammed and adjusted to fit to evolving application needs. The main contributions of this thesis are the following. First, a general architecture of the ADN network built on top of a Software Defined Network (SDN) infrastructure is proposed. Algorithms related to the ADN functional components are also proposed, in particular two network resource allocation algorithms that calculate the optimal (in terms of network resource utilization) data paths and the required network resources that meet application requirements. Two ADN service migration heuristics are also proposed to efficiently distribute the network load and increase the acceptance of forthcoming network service requests. An ADN network prototype is developed as proof of concept. It provides ADN services to dynamic applications with QoS requirements built on top of the DDS (Data Distribution Service) middleware.

Le Cloud Computing est en plein essor, grace a ses divers avantages, telsl'elasticite, le cout, ou encore son importante exibilite dans le developpementd'applications. Il demeure cependant des problemes en suspens, lies auxperformances, a la disponibilite, la fiabilite, ou encore la securite. De nombreusesetudes se focalisent sur la fiabilite et les performance dans les servicesdu Cloud, qui sont les points critiques pour le client. On retrouve parmicelles-ci plusieurs themes emergents, allant de l'ordonnancement de tachesau placement de donnees et leur replication, en passant par la tolerance auxfautes adaptative ou a la demande, et l'elaboration de nouveaux modeles defautes.Les outils actuels evaluant la fiabilite des services du Cloud se basent surdes parametres simplifies. Ils ne permettent pas d'analyser les performancesou de comparer l'efficacite des solutions proposees. Cette these aborde precisement ce probleme en proposant un modele d'environnement complet detest destine a evaluer la fiabilite et les performances des services de CloudComputing. La creation d'outils de tests destines a l'evaluation de la fiabiliteet des performances des services du Cloud pose de nombreux defis, en raisonde la grande quantite et de la complexite des donnees traitees par ce genrede services. Les trois principaux modeles de Cloud Computing sont respectivement:Infrastructure en tant que Service (IaaS), Plate-forme en tant queService (PaaS) et Logiciel en tant que Service (SaaS).Dans le cadre de cettethese, nous nous concentrons sur le modele PaaS. Il permet aux systemesd'exploitation ou aux intergiciels d'etre accessibles via une connexion internet.Nous introduisons une architecture de test generique, qui sera utiliseepar la suite lors de la creation d'outils de tests, destines a l'evaluation de lafiabilite et de la performance. / Cloud computing models are attractive because of various benefits such asscalability, cost and exibility to develop new software applications. However,availability, reliability, performance and security challenges are still not fullyaddressed. Dependability is an important issue for the customers of cloudcomputing who want to have guarantees in terms of reliability and availability.Many studies investigated the dependability and performance of cloud services,ranging from job scheduling to data placement and replication, adaptiveand on-demand fault-tolerance to new fault-tolerance models. However, thead-hoc and overly simplified settings used to evaluate most cloud service fault toleranceand performance improvement solutions pose significant challengesto the analysis and comparison of the effectiveness of these solutions.This thesis precisely addresses this problem and presents a benchmarkingapproach for evaluating the dependability and performance of cloud services.Designing of dependability and performance benchmarks for a cloud serviceis a particular challenge because of high complexity and the large amount ofdata processed by such service. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform asa Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS) are the three well definedmodels of cloud computing. In this thesis, we will focus on the PaaS modelof cloud computing. PaaS model enables operating systems and middlewareservices to be delivered from a managed source over a network. We introduce ageneric benchmarking architecture which is further used to build dependabilityand performance benchmarks for PaaS model of cloud services.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:05:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2666.pdf: 2277421 bytes, checksum: 20d05d396167c8e1a5e62c7b212cb0b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-27 / Applications with time restrictions are becoming common in our daily lives. These applications range from games to applications for controlling air traffic. Applications with time restrictions that use the Internet / Intranet as a mean of communication (e.g. streaming audio and video, VoIP and messaging PRC-RT), require that their packets be delivered before the end of its deadline. In these cases prioritize traffic from the packets generated by these applications in relation to the other packets is a way of trying to minimize the loss of deadlines. Thus this work presents an architecture of gateway with QoS and traffic forecasting that aims to focus on requests from time-restricted applications. Gateway classifies traffic based on the IEEE 802.1q standard, in six classes with different priorities and uses the Box-Jenkins mathematical model to predict the amount of traffic for each class of service and provide resources to meet the classes according to their priority. / Aplicações com restrições temporais (soft e hard real-time) vêm se tornando comuns em nosso cotidiano. Essas aplicações variam desde jogos online até aplicações de controle de tráfego aéreo. As aplicações com restrições temporais que utilizam como meio de comunicação a Internet/Intranet (e.g. streaming de áudio e vídeo, VoIP e mensagens RPCRT), necessitam de um mecanismo de QoS para que seus pacotes sejam entregues antes do término de seu deadline. Nestes casos, priorizar o tráfego dos pacotes gerados por essas aplicações em relação aos demais pacotes é uma forma de tentar minimizar a perda dos deadlines. Assim este trabalho apresenta uma arquitetura de gateway com QoS e previsão de tráfego que visa privilegiar as requisições das aplicações que possuem restrições temporais. O gateway classifica o tráfego, com base no padrão IEEE 802.1q, em seis classes com prioridades distintas e utiliza o modelo matemático Box-Jenkins, para prever o volume de tráfego para cada classe de serviço e disponibilizar recursos para o atendimento das classes de acordo com sua prioridade.

La calidad de servicio de televisión de señal abierta en el Perú ha sido un inconveniente en las últimas décadas debido a la mala calidad que se brinda a los usuarios, la llegada de las implementaciones de estaciones terrestres digitales de la Televisión Digital Terrestre (TDT) podrá brindar a los ciudadanos de provincias y lugares lejanos una mejor calidad de imagen en sus televisores, en el cual están involucradas las emisoras televisivas. Una de las características de la señal de la televisión digital es la forma eficiente que tiene para transmitir en cualquier lugar, con alta calidad tanto en video como en audio, ofreciendo al usuario producto mucho mejor, con una de sus cualidades la interacción y acceso a información. En este trabajo se desea realizar una investigación adecuada para el mejoramiento de servicio de televisión de señal abierta de una empresa televisiva en la región de Ica, utilizando una estación terrena digital a través del estándar ISDB-Tb. Se utilizara el método de implementación de una estación terrena digital, con la finalidad de identificar los factores que influyen al ser implementadas con relación a las estaciones televisivas pequeñas. Se establecerá las diferencias que existen en la calidad de servicio para la transmisión análoga y digital en una señal abierta, ya sean sus ventajas o desventajas; y a la vez especificar el cambio que ocasionará al transmitir una señal abierta de estación televisiva pequeña a través de una señal digital. The quality of service television networks in Peru has been a drawback in recent decades due to the poor quality that users are provided, the arrival of the deployments of digital terrestrial stations of the Digital Terrestrial Television may giving citizens and far places better image quality on their TVs, which are involved in television stations. One feature of the digital tv signal is the efficient way it has to transmit anywhere, with high quality in both video and audio, providing users with better product, with one of his qualities interaction and access information. In this work we want to do adequate research to improve service broadcast television from a television company in the region of Ica, using a digital earth station through the ISDB-Tb standard. The method of implementing a digital earth station, in order to identify the factors that influence to be implemented in relation to small television stations were used. The differences in the quality of service for analog to digital signal transmission in an open, whether the advantages or disadvantages will be established; and simultaneously specify the change will cause a small open when transmitting television station signal through a digital signal.

A economia globalizada e os avanços tecnológicos propiciaram um novo modelo de Outsourcing de Tecnologia de Informação (TI): os provedores de serviços de aplicativos (ASP - Application Service Providers). As discussões a respeito de ASP intensificaram-se nos três últimos anos, com a proposta de comercialização do software como um serviço. Quanto maior a interdependência da área de TI com as metas de negócios das organizações, maior a ênfase dada à satisfação das expectativas do cliente quanto aos serviços prestados pelos provedores. No mercado, têm-se adotado os acordos dos níveis de serviços (SLA - Service Level Agreements) como mecanismo de controle das atividades de outsourcing. Porém, essa adoção é nova e imatura, e a literatura é escassa. Tanto os provedores quanto os cliente sentem a necessidade por estruturas de implantação semelhantes às de SLA. Essa carência é ressaltada no caso dos modelos ASP. Propondo-se a contribuir com a compressão do modelo ASP e de SLA para ASP, apresenta-se uma pesquisa exploratória das características desse modelo com SLA, de modelos de qualidade de serviços de outsourcing e finalmente de considerações que devem ser feitas para garantir a qualidade dos serviços ASP, empregando-se os SLA. / The global economy and technological advances propitiated a new model of Information Technology (IT) Outsourcing: the Application Service Providers - ASP. Discussions regarding ASP became more frequent in the last three years because of the new approach of selling software as a service. As the interdependency between the IT area and the business goals of organizations becomes greater, the emphasis on fulfilling the client\'s expectations regarding service rendered by providers becomes stronger. In the market, Service Level Agreements - SLA have been adopted as control mechanisms of outsourcing activities. However, this adoption is new and immature, and the literature on the matter is scarce. Providers and clients feel the need for implementation structures similar to SLA\'s. In lhe case of ASP models, this necessity is emphasized mainly due to the lack of conceptual information on the ASP model. In order to better comprehend lhe ASP and the SLA models for ASP, I am presenting an exploratory research about the characteristics of the new approach with SLA models, outsourcing models of service quality and considerations, which must be carried out to ensure quality of ASP services employing SLA.