Resumo:O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes frequências de treinamento sobre as concentrações séricas de lactato, CK, AST e LDH e sobre os parâmetros clínicos e hematológicos de equinos após exercício físico de alta intensidade e curta duração. Amostras de sangue venoso foram obtidas de 16 equinos da raça Quarto de Milha, divididos em dois grupos: grupo de treinamento regular (GTR) e grupo de treinamento esporádico (GTE), em sete diferentes momentos: 30 minutos antes do exercício (M0), imediatamente após (M1), 30 minutos (M2), uma (M3), duas (M4), seis (M5) e 24 (M6) horas após o exercício. Diferenças entre os grupos foram observadas em relação ao VG, à concentração de hemoglobina, ao VCM e ao número de linfócitos, inclusive no repouso. Entre os momentos, no GTE foram observadas diferenças significativas após o exercício quanto ao lactato, VG, PPT, número de granulócitos e LDH e no GTR quanto ao VG, contagem total de hemácia, concentração de hemoglobina e LDH. Conclui-se que os equinos avaliados apresentaram alterações nas concentrações séricas de lactato e enzimas musculares e nos parâmetros clínicos e hematológicos após o exercício. A menor magnitude de elevação após o exercício, observada no GTR, quanto às FC, FR e ao VG sugere que esses animais estariam melhor adaptados ao exercício imposto. A baixa magnitude das elevações das concentrações de CK, AST e LDH e o rápido retorno aos valores basais, inclusive do lactato, das FC e FR e dos parâmetros hematológicos, sugerem que os animais avaliados estavam condicionados e aptos a realizar o tipo de exercício estabelecido, não havendo diferença entre o treinamento regular e o treinamento esporádico / Abstract:The objective was to evaluate the influence of different frequencies of training on serum concentrations of lactate, CK, AST and LDH and on clinical and hematological parameters of horses after exercise of high intensity and short duration. Venous blood samples were obtained from 16 Quarter Horses, divided into two groups: regular training group (GTR) and sporadic training group (GTE) in seven different times: 30 minutes before exercise (M0), immediately after (M1), 30 minutes (M2), one (M3), two (M4), six (M5) and 24 (M6) hours after exercise. Differences between groups were observed in VG, hemoglobin concentration, VCM and number of lymphocytes, including on resting. Between the moments, in GTE significant differences were observed after exercise for lactate, VG, PPT, granulocyte number and LDH and in GTR for VG, total count of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration and LDH. We conclude that the assessed horses showed changes in serum concentrations of lactate and muscle enzymes and in clinical and hematological parameters after exercise. The lower magnitude of elevation after exercise, observed in GTR, for HR, RR and VG suggests that these animals were better adapted to exercise. The low magnitude of elevations of CK, AST and LDH concentrations and the rapid return to baseline, including lactate, HR, RR and hematological parameters suggest that evaluated animals were conditioned and able to perform the established type of exercise, with no difference between regular training and the sporadic training / Orientador:Luiz Claudio Nogueira Mendes / coorientador: Lina Maria Wehle Gomide / Banca:Fernanda Bovino / Banca:Rafael Resende Faleiros / Mestre

The problem of this study was to analyze the effect that a legislature-mandated quarter system was having on certain selected middle schools in the State of Texas, Some educators have claimed that the quarter system makes it possible to add flexibility to school programs. This study, therefore, was an attempt to find out if local school districts were taking advantage of this opportunity. A second goal of the study was to determine how principals, teachers, and curriculum directors felt about the manner in which schools were implementing certain teaching strategies which experts in this field have recommended for use in middle schools. It was concluded that the schools were not taking advantage of the quarter system in order to more nearly approach the middle school concept. Educators do not seem to be against the innovations proposed by middle school authorities so it would seem that the time is right for a full commitment to the area of schooling for the middle years. The support of the general public then will be a key factor in the success of the middle school. Educators must make an effort to keep the public better informed about the way children learn and grow if this support is to be forthcoming.

Esta dissertação trata do processo que levou ao desaparecimento do Mangal de São Diogo por meio de aterros, sendo o seu espaço ocupado pela edificação do bairro da Cidade Nova. Esta forma natural foi preservada por séculos devido ao empenho dos Jesuítas que ocupavam uma sesmaria em seus arredores e, tal fato impediu que a mesma fosse adentrada pela população da cidade. Depois da expulsão desses religiosos do Brasil, pode o Estado estender a sua posse ao Mangal e seu entorno, retalhando o seu espaço com grandes chácaras. Dessa forma, o Mangal só foi ultrapassado no princípio do século XIX quando, devido às necessidades da Corte portuguesa que estava na cidade, o Caminho do Aterrado foi construído, atual lado par da avenida Presidente Vargas. Esta via tinha por objetivo facilitar o deslocamento do Príncipe Regente entre a Cidade Velha e o Palácio de São Cristóvão, na Quinta da Boa Vista. Desde então, aquela forma natural sofreu aterros contínuos, sendo este processo intensificado em meados do século XIX, fato que levou a área a ser ocupada pela construção do bairro da Cidade Nova. O mesmo será ocupado por pequenas indústrias que não encontravam espaço na atual área central da cidade e, por uma população de baixa classe média, além de funcionários públicos que foram seus primeiros ocupantes. Este processo será acentuado ao longo de tempos curtos e, durante a segunda metade do século XIX veremos o bairro receber novas e importantes indústrias, como a Companhia de Iluminação e Gás, ao lado de uma crescente população operária e de imigrantes. / This work deals with the process that led to the disappearance of the Mangal of Saint Diogo, current New City quarter, through of landfills. The mangrove was preserved for centuries with the efforts of the Jesuits who occupied a property in its roundness which hindered to be settled by the population of the city. After the expulsion of those religious of Brazil, the State could extend its ownership on the area, cutting it into pieces, resulting in great mansions. In this sense, the mangrove practically was untouched at the beginning of XIX century, when it was cut by the Caminho do Aterrado, current side pair of the President Vargas Avenue, constructed to take care of to the necessities of the Portuguese Court, that was in Rio de Janeiro, facilitating the circulation of the Regent Prince between the Old City and the Palace of Saint Cristovao in the Quint of Boa Vista. Since then, that natural form suffered continuous landfills. This process will be intensified in the middle of XIX century, when the quarter of the New City were constructed, where will be established small and great industries and a population of laboring and migrants. The research presents two facts of relevance. The first one is the importance of the agents who make and remake the city, with prominence for the State. The second is the evidence of the international politicians were reflected over the city and in the searched area, like the decision to banish the Jesuits from Brazil, the fight for the European hegemony that forced the coming of the Portuguese Royal Family for the city and the prohibition of the traffic of slaves from Englands part.

Esta dissertação trata do processo que levou ao desaparecimento do Mangal de São Diogo por meio de aterros, sendo o seu espaço ocupado pela edificação do bairro da Cidade Nova. Esta forma natural foi preservada por séculos devido ao empenho dos Jesuítas que ocupavam uma sesmaria em seus arredores e, tal fato impediu que a mesma fosse adentrada pela população da cidade. Depois da expulsão desses religiosos do Brasil, pode o Estado estender a sua posse ao Mangal e seu entorno, retalhando o seu espaço com grandes chácaras. Dessa forma, o Mangal só foi ultrapassado no princípio do século XIX quando, devido às necessidades da Corte portuguesa que estava na cidade, o Caminho do Aterrado foi construído, atual lado par da avenida Presidente Vargas. Esta via tinha por objetivo facilitar o deslocamento do Príncipe Regente entre a Cidade Velha e o Palácio de São Cristóvão, na Quinta da Boa Vista. Desde então, aquela forma natural sofreu aterros contínuos, sendo este processo intensificado em meados do século XIX, fato que levou a área a ser ocupada pela construção do bairro da Cidade Nova. O mesmo será ocupado por pequenas indústrias que não encontravam espaço na atual área central da cidade e, por uma população de baixa classe média, além de funcionários públicos que foram seus primeiros ocupantes. Este processo será acentuado ao longo de tempos curtos e, durante a segunda metade do século XIX veremos o bairro receber novas e importantes indústrias, como a Companhia de Iluminação e Gás, ao lado de uma crescente população operária e de imigrantes. / This work deals with the process that led to the disappearance of the Mangal of Saint Diogo, current New City quarter, through of landfills. The mangrove was preserved for centuries with the efforts of the Jesuits who occupied a property in its roundness which hindered to be settled by the population of the city. After the expulsion of those religious of Brazil, the State could extend its ownership on the area, cutting it into pieces, resulting in great mansions. In this sense, the mangrove practically was untouched at the beginning of XIX century, when it was cut by the Caminho do Aterrado, current side pair of the President Vargas Avenue, constructed to take care of to the necessities of the Portuguese Court, that was in Rio de Janeiro, facilitating the circulation of the Regent Prince between the Old City and the Palace of Saint Cristovao in the Quint of Boa Vista. Since then, that natural form suffered continuous landfills. This process will be intensified in the middle of XIX century, when the quarter of the New City were constructed, where will be established small and great industries and a population of laboring and migrants. The research presents two facts of relevance. The first one is the importance of the agents who make and remake the city, with prominence for the State. The second is the evidence of the international politicians were reflected over the city and in the searched area, like the decision to banish the Jesuits from Brazil, the fight for the European hegemony that forced the coming of the Portuguese Royal Family for the city and the prohibition of the traffic of slaves from Englands part.

A capacidade aeróbica dos equinos atletas pode ser explica, em partes, pelo seu desenvolvimento cardíaco associado ao treinamento físico. O exame ecocardiográfico de equinos atletas permite a visualização destas alterações e da função cardíaca destes animais. Buscou-se avaliar ecocardiograficamente equinos de diferentes modalidades esportivas, para verificar se o tipo de atividade física desempenhada por cada grupo de animais promove diferenças estruturais ou funcionais cardíacas. 196 equinos foram submetidos à avaliação ecocardiográfica em repouso, sendo divididos em três grupos: grupo Polo, 44 equinos participantes de provas de Polo; grupo QM, 49 equinos da raça Quarto de Milha, participantes de provas de baliza e tambor, e grupo PSI, 103 equinos da raça Puro Sangue Inglês participantes de provas de corridas. Foram avaliados os seguintes índices cardíacos: SIV, DIVE e PLVE em sístole e diástole, AE em sístole, Ao em diástole, relação AE:Ao, FEj, VEj, VSFVE, VDFVE, FS%, E-S, TEVE, DC e FC. Os animais do grupo PSI apresentaram os maiores volumes de ventrículo esquerdo, tendo apresentado proporcionalmente menor eficiência quando analisado o VEj. Os animais do grupo Polo e QM apresentaram melhores valores quando analisadas as variáveis de função cardíaca. A atividade física mais intensa desempenhada pelos animais do grupo QM e Polo permitiu melhor desenvolvimento funcional do coração destes animais, tendo o grupo PSI, apresentado valores que sugerem que sua capacidade aeróbica ainda pode ser melhor explorada através de melhor orientação de seu treinamento físico. / The aerobic capacity of equine athletes may be explained, in part, by its cardiac development associated with physical training. Echocardiographic examination of equine athletes allows the visualization of these changes and cardiac function of these animals. We aimed to evaluate echocardiographically horses of different sports to see if the type of physical activity performed by each group of animals promotes structural or functional cardiac differences. 196 horses underwent echocardiography at rest were divided into three groups: Polo group, 44 horses participating in tests of Polo; QM group, 49 horses of Quarter Horse, participants of barrel and pole bending events and PSI group, 103 horses of the breed Thoroughbred racehorses. We evaluated the following heart rates: IVS, LVD and LVFW in systole and diastole, LA in systole, Ao in diastole, mean LA: Ao, EF, EV, LVFSV, LVFDV, FS%, E-S, LVET, CO and HR. The PSI group animals showed higher left ventricular volumes and provided proportionately less efficiency when we analyzed EV. Animals in group Polo and QM showed higher values when variables such as cardiac function. The more intense physical activity performed by the animals of group QM and Polo provided better functional development of the heart of these animals, and the PSI group, presented figures suggesting that aerobic capacity can still be better exploited through better targeting of their physical training.

nÃo hà / O objetivo geral desse trabalho à avaliar o impacto do policiamento comunitÃrio (programa âRonda do QuarteirÃoâ) na distribuiÃÃo espacial e sÃcio econÃmica da criminalidade e da violÃncia na regiÃo metropolitana de Fortaleza atravÃs de uma metodologia quase-experimental. Em linhas gerais, a metodologia implementada para medir o impacto do programa RONDA à baseada nos modelos de AnÃlise de IntervenÃÃo. Esta metodologia assume que uma sÃrie temporal recebe uma intervenÃÃo em um marco especÃfico da sua dinÃmica, e assume que mudanÃas ocorridas apÃs a intervenÃÃo (ceteris paribus) sÃo motivadas pelo choque externo. No caso especÃfico a intervenÃÃo serà o inÃcio do programa RONDA que se deu em novembro de 2007. Das anÃlises feitas, verificou-se nos resultados obtidos atravÃs apenas de inspeÃÃes visuais e simples cÃlculos de mÃdias nos diferentes subperÃodos, prà e pÃs intervenÃÃo, que o programa RONDA nÃo afetou a sÃrie de roubo a pessoas e roubo a estabelecimento comercial, porÃm contribuiu para a diminuiÃÃo da quantidade de roubo a residÃncias. Em suma, o programa RONDA teve efeito estatisticamente significante em apenas um tipo de crime: roubo a residÃncias. AlÃm da pesquisa quantitativa, ainda faz parte dessa dissertaÃÃo uma pesquisa qualitativa que foi realizada seis meses apÃs a intervenÃÃo do programa. Nela foi constatado que 72% da populaÃÃo consideram o programa Ãtimo/bom e 66 % afirmam estarem mais seguros. Estes dados qualitativos corroboram para se afirmar que a intervenÃÃo do programa foi positiva. Este experimento à um marco na Ãrea de seguranÃa, pois usa mÃtodos cientÃficos, baseados em anÃlise estatÃstica, para avaliar um programa de governo, o Ronda do QuarteirÃo. Este à o maior ganho social que o Estado do Cearà pode obter nessa Ãrea, pois atravÃs dele abre-se uma porta onde os conhecimentos acadÃmicos somados à prÃtica policial terà como resultado um modelo de seguranÃa inteligente, moderno e otimizado. / General objective of this study is to assess the impact of community policing (the "Round Block") in the spatial and socio economic crime and violence in metropolitan Fortaleza through a quasi-experimental methodology. In general the methodology implemented to assess the impact of the program is based on models RONDA Analysis of Intervention. This methodology assumes that a series receives an intervention in a specific framework of its dynamics, and assumes that changes after the intervention (ceteris paribus) are motivated by external shock. Our case-specific intervention will be the start of RONDA that was in November 2007. Of the analysis, we found that the results only through visual inspection and simple calculations of averages in the different sub-periods, pre and post intervention, the program seems to have RONDA positively affected the number of people to theft and robbery to a business, not helped to decrease the amount of theft from residences. In short, the program had RONDA statistically significant effect in only one type of crime: theft from residences. Besides the quantitative research, is still part of this thesis a qualitative research that was conducted six months after the intervention program. It was found that 72% of the population considers the program excellent / good and 66% say they are safer. These qualitative data corroborate the claim that the program intervention was positive. This experiment is a milestone in the security area because it uses scientific methods based on statistical analysis to evaluate a government program, the Quarter Round. This is the greatest social gain that the state of Ceara in this area can get, because through it opens a door where academic knowledge coupled with the police practice will result in a security model smart, modern and optimized.

Este estudo problematiza a produção espacial de um bairro mediante os caminhos que nele chegam, como a ferrovia e a rodovia. Procura discutir como os caminhos que favoreceram o processo de industrialização e urbanização, sendo resultado das relações de produção de uma sociedade. Assim, o estabelecimento de uma sociedade num dado local advém também da importância dos caminhos criados e elaborados socialmente para esse fim, dando uma continuidade e interferindo nas relações de produção em seu sentido mais amplo: da vida, de mercadorias, de espaços. Esse movimento possibilita a reprodução das esferas produtivas, fazendo parte da sociedade urbana e industrial. Num tempo próprio do bairro, no caso o Bairro Barcelona na cidade de Sorocaba-SP, este tem seu cotidiano transformado ao mesmo tempo em que essa escala do lugar faz parte de um movimento de reprodução do capital que articula outras escalas. Entender esse processo exige que se discuta a expansão da cidade, bem como de sua centralidade e como, ao mesmo tempo, se fragmentam e articulam os espaços, transformando a realidade local. / This study shows the problem in the space production of a neighborhood by means of the roads that arrive in it, as the railroad and the highway. It tries to discuss as the roads that favored the industrialization process and urbanization, being resulted of the relationships of production of a society. Thus, the establishment of a society in a dice local came also of the roads servants\' importance and elaborated socially for that end, giving a continuity and interfering in the production relationships in its wider sense: of the life, of goods, of spaces. That movement facilitates the reproduction of the productive spheres, being part of the urban and industrial society. In an own time of the neighborhood, in the case the Barcelona Village in the city of Sorocaba-SP, this has its daily one transformed at the same time in that that scale from the position is part of a movement of reproduction of the capital that articulates other scales. To understand that process demands to discusses the expansion of the city, as well as of its centrality and as, at the same time, how the spaces are fragmented and articulated, transforming the local reality.

Magister Artium - MA / Bo-Kaap (BK) is a neighbourhood in Cape Town which has long been home to a predominantly Muslim community with deep ties to the area’s colonial and slave history. In recent years, BK has become a hotbed for developers investing in property in Cape Town. Due to its sought-after location (close to Cape Town’s CBD), a flurry of interest in property development has ushered in an important turn in BK’s history and has begun changing the landscape of the neighbourhood. Important for this study is how BK residents grapple with the influx of rapid gentrification whilst trying to maintain their ‘Malay’ heritage. Historically, BK was known as a ‘Malay Quarter’ and had a distinctive ‘Malay’ identity1 constructed under apartheid legislation. It is this identity and concomitant Malay heritage which is of particular interest in this study. Under the continued threat of wholesale gentrification and arguably a loss of the rich history of early Muslims of the Cape this study hopes to investigate how community members who self-identify as ‘Malay’ signal their legitimacy to the area when discussing the fast pace of gentrification in the area. Notably, variations of BK’s Malay heritage have been documented over time. These works nonetheless point to the complex relationship between the documented/historicized construction of Malay heritage and the lived experience of having a Malay identity. Casting aside the notion of any homogenous Malay identity, this study opts to explore the manner in which a Malay identity is claimed and constructed discursively as legitimate discourse strategies against gentrification. This study adopts an ethnographic approach to studying narratives of Malay heritage in BK obtained through purposive sampling. A Discourse Analysis of narratives of heritage in BK is undertaken to draw attention to the discursive strategies employed by self-identified ‘Malay’ community members in the area. / 2023-12-01

Hanoi, à travers une longue histoire de plusieurs milliers d'années, dispose de très riche héritage patrimonial, souvenirs de son développement. Ces témoignages historiques sont exprimés par la présence de valeurs culturelles matérielles et immatérielles. L’architecture est considérée comme une représentante complète pour identifier ces traces historiques.Cependant, pour ces vieux centres urbains millénaires comme Hanoi, il existe un phénomène symbiotique. La conservation des valeurs culturelles anciennes dans le contexte de modernisation est la source du risque de négligence ou d’abus pour les patrimoines culturels. Pour les pays en développement, notamment les pays asiatiques comme le Vietnam, l'objectif de développement rapide afin de rattraper et de dépasser les pays développés est un fort désir. Il y a donc un très fort enjeu pour la conservation des valeurs culturelles traditionnelles. Cela conduit souvent à des relations antagonistes entre conservation de l’héritage historique et développement. En effet, pour un développement économique fort, on a besoin parfois d’ignorer les besoins culturels et spirituels, directement liés à la vie communautaire.Les patrimoines architecturaux souffrent de l’«indifférence» et divisent la communauté. Il s’agit dans cette thèse de proposer une approche différente pour nous aider à voir que la cause de ces problèmes est non seulement due à des besoins de développement économique, des aspirations pour enrichir la communauté, mais aussi un manque d'informations sur les valeurs de l'architecture du patrimoine culturel. C’est une lacune dans la gestion des collectivités locales et dans la prise de conscience du peuple. Une telle exigence est de combler cette lacune. De ce fait, je me permets de soumettre mon mémoire sous le thème Préservation et promotion des valeurs de l'architecture des Đình dans le vieux quartier de Hanoi – le patrimoine architectural et urbain du Vietnam. / Hanoi, through a long history of several thousand years, has a very rich heritage heritage, memories of its development. These historical testimonies are expressed by the presence of material and intangible cultural values. Architecture is considered as a complete representative to identify these historical traces.However, for these old millennial urban centers like Hanoi, there is a symbiotic phenomenon. The preservation of ancient cultural values in the context of modernization is the source of the risk of neglect or abuse of cultural heritage. For developing countries, especially Asian countries such as Vietnam, the goal of rapid development to catch up and overtake developed countries is a strong desire. There is therefore a very strong stake for the conservation of traditional cultural values. This often leads to antagonistic relationships between conservation of historical heritage and development. Indeed, for a strong economic development, we sometimes need to ignore cultural and spiritual needs, directly related to community life.The architectural heritages suffer from "indifference" and divide the community. The purpose of this thesis is to propose a different approach to help us see that the cause of these problems is not only due to economic development needs, aspirations to enrich the community, but also a lack of information about values of the cultural heritage architecture. This is a gap in the management of local communities and in the awareness of the people. Such a requirement is to fill this gap. Therefore, I allow myself to submit my thesis under the theme Conservation and promotion of the values of the Đình architecture in the old district of Hanoi - the architectural and urban heritage of Vietnam.

The thesis represents the design for dual-band quarter wavelength and half wavelength microstrip transmission line. Chapter 2 proposed the design of a novel dual-band asymmetric pi-shaped short-circuited quarter wavelength microstrip transmission line working at frequencies 1GHz and 1.55 GHz for 50Ω transmission line and at frequencies 1GHz and 1.43GHz for 60Ω transmission line. Chapter 3 proposed the design of a novel dual-band quarter wavelength microstrip transmission line with asymmetrically allocated open stubs and short-circuited stubs working at frequencies 1GHz and 1.32GHz. Chapter 4 proposed the design of dual-band pi-shaped open stub half wavelength microstrip transmission line working at frequencies 1GHz and 2.07GHz. Numerical simulations are performed both in HyperLynx 3D EM and in circuit simulator ADS for all of the proposed designs to measure the return loss (S11) and insertion loss (S12) in dB and phase response for S12 in degree.