Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:25:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marcio_jose_silva.pdf: 586576 bytes, checksum: 16774c306b616be397547f7b04e1026c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-18 / The aim of this work is to analyse the imaginary formation of João Cabral de Melo Neto in The Death and Life of a Severino in order to verify the usual discourse that he is the poet of reason, reinforced not only by critics and scholars of his work, but even by the writer himself in various interviews. To achieve so, we use some concepts of the French Discourse Analysis, namely, discourse, interdiscourse, discursive formation, ideological formation and imaginary formation, which we discuss with abundant explanations and apply to three parts of the drama-poem The Death and Life of a Severino: a Pernambuco Christmas play by comparing between an irrationalist ideological formation and a rationalist ideological formation. It was also necessary to explain the meaning of the term reason in philosophy, which is not homogeneous; however, we have to take it from a rationalist discursive formation, i.e., like a platonic idea, for, only this way the discourse João Cabral is the poet of reason could make sense. From that perspective, antidiscursive at first, we verify the plausibility of the said imaginary formation of the Pernambucan poet; otherwise, we would have to analyse the discourse reason is a universal , more distant from a relation to literary discourse and the poet. Based on the theory and methodological procedure of Discourse Analysis, our conclusion goes against a thinking tradition, for the existing discourses in the most famous work of that artist reveal the interpellation from irrationalist discursive formations. Besides these aspects, we make a comparison between philology and Discourse Analysis and we demonstrate the reflections of each in the reading of discursive sequences; we still present some contributions that Discourse Analysis can offer as a new literary criticism. / A finalidade deste trabalho é analisar a formação imaginária de João Cabral de Melo Neto em Morte e Vida Severina a fim de verificar o discurso generalizado de que ele é o poeta da razão, reforçado não só por críticos e estudiosos de sua obra, mas, inclusive, pelo próprio escritor em diversas entrevistas. Para isso, servimo-nos de alguns conceitos da Análise do Discurso francesa, a saber: discurso, interdiscurso, formação discursiva, formação ideológica e formação imaginária, os quais discutimos com farta exemplificação e aplicamos, mediante a comparação entre a formação ideológica racionalista e a formação ideológica irracionalista, a três partes do poema-drama Morte e Vida Severina: auto de natal pernambucano. Também foi necessário explicitar o significado do termo razão na filosofia, o qual não é homogêneo; no entanto, tivemos de aceitá-lo de uma formação discursiva racionalista, isto é, como uma ideia platônica, pois, só assim o discurso João Cabral é o poeta da razão poderia fazer sentido. É dessa perspectiva, a princípio antidiscursiva, que verificamos a plausibilidade da referida formação imaginária do poeta pernambucano; senão, teríamos de analisar o discurso a razão é um universal , mais distante de uma relação com o discurso literário e com o poeta. Com base na teoria e procedimento metodológico da Análise do Discurso, nossa conclusão vai de encontro ao que pensa uma tradição, pois os discursos presentes na obra mais famosa desse artista revelam a interpelação de formações discursivas irracionalistas. Além desses aspectos, fazemos uma comparação entre a filologia e a Análise do Discurso e demonstramos o reflexo dos pressupostos de cada uma na leitura das sequências discursivas; apresentamos, ainda, algumas contribuições que a Análise do Discurso pode oferecer como uma nova crítica literária.

No description available.

Objetivo: Describir principales motivos de consulta de pacientes atendidos en el servicio de terapia física en el Centro Universitario de Salud de UPC. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal analítico. Se evaluó motivo de consulta y cumplimiento de atenciones. Las variables categóricas (sexo, ocupación, actividad física, motivo de consulta, área corporal, tipo de atención recibida y cumplimiento de atenciones) fueron presentadas mediante frecuencia absoluta (n) y porcentaje (%). La única variable cuantitativa (edad), se presentó mediante mediana y rango intercuartílico, ya que, no presentó distribución normal. Análisis bivariado fue dicotomizado (< 6 sesiones y ≥ 6 sesiones), factor categórico utilizó prueba de Chi2 o prueba exacta de Fisher; factor edad, prueba de K medianas para establecer diferencias entre ambos grupos. Ánálisis multivariado, para cálculo de razón de prevalencia (RP), calculando RP cruda y RP ajustada a otras variables, mediante intervalo de confianza (95%). Se determinó p valor < o igual a 0,05. Resultados: Se incluyeron 171 historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos en servicio de terapia física con predominio masculino (54.4%). Prevalencia de motivo de consulta fue dolor en columna lumbar (12.3%) y columna cervical (11.7%). En ocupación, (50.3%) trabajaban y (32.7 %) fueron estudiantes; (42.1%) practicaban al menos un deporte. Tipo de atención recibida (71.9%) fue dada por estudiantes internos. Conclusiones: El principal motivo de consulta es dolor músculoesquelético (78.4%). El cumplimiento de atenciones es (59.1%). El género masculino es el más predominante, (30.4%) eran profesionales. El área corporal más consultado fue columna lumbar (12.3%). No se encontraron factores asociados al cumplimiento de atenciones. / Objective: Describe main reasons for consulting patients treated in physical therapy service at the University Health Center in UPC. Methods: Descriptive study of analytical cross section. The reason for consultation and compliance with attentions were evaluated. The categorical variables (sex, occupation, physical activity, reason for consultation, body area, type of care received and compliance with care) were performed using absolute frequency (n) and percentage (%). The only quantitative variable (age) was presented using the median and interquartile range, since there was no normal distribution. Bivariate analysis was dichotomized (<6 sessions and ≥ 6 sessions), a categorical factor determined by Chi2 test or Fisher's exact test; age factor, median K test to establish differences between both groups. Multivariate analysis, calculation of prevalence ratio (RP), calculation of crude RP and RP adjusted to other variables, using a confidence interval (95%). P value <or equal to 0.05 was determined. Results: This study included 171 medical records of patients attended in physical therapy service with male predominance (54.4%) were included. Prevalence of reason for consultation was pain in the lumbar spine (12.3%) and cervical spine (11.7%). In occupation, (50.3%) worked and (32.7%) were students; (42.1%) practiced at least one sport. Type of care received (71.9%) was given by internal students. / Tesis

ThLic. Bc. Barbora Šmejdová Title of the thesis: C. S. Lewis and the Language of Modern Apologetics Abstract The dissertation thesis is devoted to the question of what kind of language we should use in contemporary apologetics to make Christian message communicable to unbelievers. This question is approached through the work of C. S. Lewis. After the introduction and biography of the author, the thesis provides the analysis of Lewis' gnoseological starting points. In this chapter, we are trying to show that Lewis is able to pay attention to the present accent on subjective perspective without getting trapped in relativism. The next chapter focuses on Lewis' theory of language. For his view, the theme of myth and metaphor is central. Together with Lewis, we come to the conclusion that human language is metaphorical, but we can still touch truth. This journey is not easy, though. To be able to make readers approach truth, the author has to live in truth. That is why the next chapter is devoted to the theological interpretation of imagination and shows that authentic Christian imagination is an integral part of each good apologetic text. The last chapter is focused on the genres of apologetics and, based on Lewis' work, presents their benefits and restrictions. Keywords C. S. Lewis; language of apologetics;...

The aim of this thesis is to study the subject of art (especially music) and its connection to the truth. The effort is also to determine what is meant by the truth. But all this reveals the real and noble goal of this thesis: to try to capture all the questions that arise in connection with art and the truth and trying to search their proper philosophical answers. All this takes place within Friedrich Nietzsche's early philosophy, with his inspirations: Arthur Schopenhauer (we will touch the influence of Kant's philosophy on Schopenhauer's philosophy, too) and the composer and at certain time Nietzsche's personal friend - Richard Wagner, whose lesser known writings will be also introduced. It turns out that these arising questions touch on such topics as: abstract rationality and language in contrast to artistic creativity and direct experience, subjectivity or objectivity in art, the special nature of philosophy, existential issues, and issues of a higher sense of human life. Key words: music, art, truth, affection, reason, myth, drama, tragedy

74 Abstract Logos is the multi-meaning term accompanying philosophy from the earliest authors. In general, the term logos has historically had two main groups of meanings. The first group concerns speech (word, speech, sentence…) and the second group of meanings concerns reason (thought, reason, mind, thinking…). In philosophical-theological thinking the second group passes into the idea of reason transcending man - "divine" or "world reason". The theoretical basis of the duality of both speech and reason was postulated by analytical philosophy. As Humboldt was already convinced, thinking was always associated with language, speech was an organ of creating thoughts. Pneumatological philosopher Ebner says: man is by nature "the Spirit who posseses the word," "there is no reason without the Word," and "reason is speech, logos". Within the philosophy of language Wittgenstein argues: "the boundaries of my language create the boundaries of my world," and "a sentence is an image of reality". Fodor's linguistic works on the inner language of thought ("Mentalese") and especially Chomsky's theory of the existence of a structure for "universal grammar" in the human brain provide preconditions for the search of such a structure. Neuroscientific research confirms these assumptions. Structures specialized for speech...

Syftet med studien är att synliggöra elevers upplevelser av de enligt samtida forskning fyra mest frekventa metoderna som används i undervisningen om etik inom religionskunskap i årskurs 4–6. Metoderna syftar till att utveckla elevernas reflektion- och resonemangsförmåga. För att besvara studiens syfte har metoden didaktiskt experiment samt fokusgruppsintervju där fem elever från årskurs fem medverkat. Studien är kvalitativ och utgår ifrån den sociokulturella teorin. Resultatet visar att eleverna valde metoderna fyra-hörn och samtal som favoritmetod. Elevernas upplevelser av de andra metoderna var att metoden samtal kopplat till film var svår på grund av att klippet eleverna tittade på var kort och därmed var det svårt att hinna skapa sig en uppfattning om karaktären. Metoden etiska dilemman var uppskattad därför att eleverna föredrog att ha en händelse att relatera till och utgå ifrån. Eleverna ansåg att det både var positivt och negativt att höra varandras tankar, negativt för att man kunde luta sig tillbaka och bara hålla med men positivt för att man fick nya sätt att tänka på när man hörde sina kompisars tankar. När det kommer till elevernas upplevelser gällande vilken metod som öppnade upp för reflektion och resonemang svarade eleverna metoden etiska dilemman. / The purpose of this study is to make the pupils experiences of the four most frequent methods according to contemporary research used in the teaching of ethics in religious studies for the grades 4–6. The methods aim to develop the students’ reflection and reasoning ability. To answer the purpose of this study, the method did didactic experiment and as well as focus group interview where five pupils from grade five participated. The study is qualitative and is based on sociocultural theory. The result shows that the pupils chose the four-corner method and conversation as a favourite method. The pupils’ experiences of the other methods were that the method of conversation linked to film was difficult because the clip the students were watching was short and thus it was difficult to get an idea of the character. The ethical dilemma method was appreciated because the pupils preferred having an event to relate to and base on. The pupils felt that it was both positive and negative to hear each other’s thoughts, negative for being able to sit back and just agree but positive for being given new ways of thinking when hearing their friends’ thoughts. When it comes to the pupils experiences regarding which method opened up for reflection and reasoning, the pupils answered the method ethical dilemma.

Any work of art, by definition, is so designated because it speaks to all generations, irrespective of time or place, and regardless of artistic, political, economic, or ideological fads. To accept a work as art with anything less than these universalities is blind acceptance and pure idolatry. Each generation must determine the validity of the label art by determining the relevance of the work to its own generations. Unless a work of art can successfully meet such a test, the label is no more than a gentleman's agreement among self-designated arbiters of taste. Two recent critics, writing on the philosophy of literary criticism, have defined what is perhaps the best test which a work of art must meet. Both agree that a work of art must go beyond the contemporary concern of the author. Swift’s “controversies,” particularly his famous indictment of men, have neve lapsed into memories, for the assertions Johnathan Swift makes about man in Gulliver’s fourth voyage are incontrovertible. And were it not so, his indictment of man is a valid one. Hopefully, however -- and Swift held out such hope -- the course of human history may be altered.

In this thesis, I explore the epistemological dimensions in the political thought of Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī (d. 1111), a renowned Muslim theologian and philosopher, famous for the refutation of the peripatetic tradition by means of a thoroughgoing skepticism. His reflections on human understanding and the cognitive faculties led him to the following conclusion: since reason is not self-sufficient, humanity must abide by revealed laws. While al-Ghazālī maintains that strict obedience is necessary for certain commoners, he arrives at such theocratic conclusions by way of investigating human nature as well as metaphysical claims. In brief, al-Ghazālī’s claim that humans must abide by revelation is grounded on two interrelated themes which are prevalent across his texts: (1) his view that God’s power over the universe is unlimited and (2) his claim that humans are entirely feeble before His omnipotence. In this sense, al-Ghazālī’s theology stands out as a negative philosophy; it is his use of philosophy that eventually undercuts independent philosophy, thus demanding that all persons submit to a higher source of truth, God’s revelation. Alternatively, al-Ghazālī proposes a mystical doctrine to address humanity’s perceptive shortcomings, claiming that the ascetic experience is the best means to attaining knowledge of the divine. I argue that, by pursuing a systemic inquiry into the nature of creation, which leads up to this mysticism, al-Ghazālī occasionally elevates reason to the ranks of revelation. This is because he arrives at this conclusion not by way of revelation, but through independent philosophical reflection and inquiry, one that makes use of particular theological notions. His skeptical refutation of certain philosophical doctrines is followed by his mysticism. In the later stages of my thesis, I extrapolate from this study to make larger claims about the nature of theocratic regimes. In the final analysis, I re-examine his theological and philosophical concepts to demonstrate how they are transposed to his political thought. I argue that al-Ghazālī’s key theological notions strongly shape his main political writings, though he tones down the philosophical and mystical jargon. While addressing the rulers, al-Ghazālī hopes that they could adopt the humility of the ideal ascetic man he has in mind. In brief, al-Ghazālī articulates a politics of humility to warn against tyrannical practice by appealing to the importance of the heart. Lastly, though this thesis deals with al-Ghazālī’s theological corpus, I also contribute to the literature on reason and revelation. I demonstrate that the theological may also contain reason at its foundation, especially when appealing to universal questions about humanity’s welfare.

No description available.