Formålet med undersøgelsen var at finde ud af, hvorvidt gravide kvinder på Færøerne fik en kost, som er i overensstemmelse med rekommandationer der foreligger gravide. 148 kvinder deltog i undersøgelsen, hvor der blev gennemført tre 24 h recall og seks selvregistreringer, samt et food frequency qeistionnaire omhandlende de sidste 12 måneder. Resultatet af den samlede energi, energifordeling, A-, C-, D- og E-vitaminer, og folsyre, jern og calcium er sammenlignet med de rekommandationer der foreligger for gravide i de nordiske lande, specielt Danmark, idet Færøerne følger de danske anbefalinger. Det gennemsnitlige energiindtag var 10,0 MJ, som i gennemsnit fordelte sig i henhold til kostanbefalingerne med 15% proteiner, 52% kulhydrater og 33% fedt. Kostfiberindtaget var lavere end anbefalet, 17,4 gram per dag. Mættede og monoumættede fedtsyrer fulgte anbefalingerne, men indtaget af polyumættede fedtsyrer var lavt, 3,6%. Indtaget af n-3 fedtsyrer var 0,6%, som er lavere end anbefalet. Indtaget at C-vitaminer og calcium var tilstrækkeligt gennem kosten. Indtaget af de andre vitaminer og mineraler var mindre end anbefalingerne. 85% tager vitamintilskud og 64% tager jerntilskud. Indtaget af fisk var 280 gram per uge, kornprodukter 323 gram per dag, kød 193 gram per dag, sødesager 128 gram per dag, frugt og grønt 193 gram per dag, frugt juice 98 gram per dag. Resultatet fra denne opgave kan sætte større fokus på kost og graviditet, samt at der er et behov for en større og mere indgående kostundersøgelse blandt den generelle befolkning, hvis resultater kan bruges i sundhedsfremmende arbejde. / The purpose of this project was to find out whether pregnant women in the Faroe Islands had a dietary intake, which were in accordance with recommendations for pregnant women. 148 women participated in the survey, which involved three 24 hour recall and six days diary, and a food frequency questionnaire for the last 12 months. The results of total energy, the energy distribution of protein, carbohydrate and fat and the micronutrients vitamin-A, -C, -D, -E, folic acid, iron and calcium are compared with recommendations for pregnant women in the Nordic countries, especially from Denmark because the Faroe Islands follow the Danish recommendations. In average the total energy consumption per day was 10,0 MJ, and the distribution was 15% protein, 52% carbohydrates and 33% fat. Dietary fibre intake was 17,4 gram per day, which is lower than recommended. The intake of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids followed the recommendations whereas the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids and n-3 fatty acids was lower then recommended, 3,6% and 0,6%. Supply of vitamin-C and calcium through the food was sufficient, whereas the supply of the other micronutrients was too low compare to recommendations. 85% of the women took vitamin supplements and 64% took iron supplements. Intake of fish was 280 gram per week, cereal products 323 gram per day, meat 139 gram per day, sweets 128 gram per day, fruit and vegetables 193 gram per day, fruit juice 98 gram per day. The results from this project can put a focus on the connection between diet and pregnancy as well as there is a need for a detailed dietary survey among the general population, where the results can used in further health promotion / <p>ISBN 91-7997-141-5</p>

Visitor non-compliance with protective recommendations is a major problem faced by recreational managers within natural environments. Although many studies have been conducted on noncompliant visitor behaviour within natural resource areas, few attempts have been made to gain an understanding of the behaviour, or to understand the decision making process. This dissertation seeks to address this gap by exploring salient motivations behind noncompliant behaviour within a natural recreation setting. The study was conducted over the summer of 2007-2008 within the popular tourist attractions of Fox and Franz Josef glaciers, Westland National park, New Zealand. The Department of Conservation has a legal and increasingly a moral obligation to provide a level of service and ensure a high standard of visitor safety within lands it administers. However, despite its efforts, management actions are criticised as being ‘over cautious’, and consequently a large number of visitors choose to ignore hazard warnings communicated by management and cross safety barriers, placing themselves and others at considerable risk. Previous studies at the glaciers have identified a number of causes for visitor non-compliance, including situational factors and the adequacy of current visitor management procedures. Through a quantitative measure, and qualitative interview responses, study findings show that visitor compliance with protective recommendations was strongly influenced by a number of situational factors including the proximity of track end points from the glacier terminus; the visibility of other visitors beyond the roped barriers; modest hazard perceptions of visitors; estimated visitor age; time of day and weather conditions. Based on visitor interview responses, motives of non-compliance were further explored by classifying behaviour according to Gramann and Vander Stoep’s (1987) typologies of normative violations. It is identified, using Ajzen’s (1985; 1991) theory of planned behaviour, that non-compliance with protective recommendations at the glaciers is motivated by, (1) a ‘belief’ that the situation or resource encouraged it; (2), through a release of ‘social pressure’, because everyone else was going over; and (3), a ‘perceived facilitation of the behaviour’, in that there were no obvious consequences to self or others. Implications for management to control noncompliant behaviour are discussed in detail.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:48:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaCCC_DISSERT.pdf: 3071027 bytes, checksum: f4371a8fcded80257054fb3d4384fea0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Control and automation of residential environments domotics is emerging area of computing application. The development of computational systems for domotics is complex, due to the diversity of potential users, and because it is immerse in a context of emotional relationships and familiar construction. Currently, the focus of the development of this kind of system is directed, mainly, to physical and technological aspects. Due to the fact, gestural interaction in the present research is investigated under the view of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). First, we approach the subject through the construction of a conceptual framework for discussion of challenges from the area, integrated to the dimensions: people, interaction mode and domotics. A further analysis of the domain is accomplished using the theoretical-methodological referential of Organizational Semiotics. After, we define recommendations to the diversity that base/inspire the inclusive design, guided by physical, perceptual and cognitive abilities, which aim to better represent the concerned diversity. Although developers have the support of gestural recognition technologies that help a faster development, these professionals face another difficulty by not restricting the gestural commands of the application to the standard gestures provided by development frameworks. Therefore, an abstraction of the gestural interaction was idealized through a formalization, described syntactically by construction blocks that originates a grammar of the gestural interaction and, semantically, approached under the view of the residential system. So, we define a set of metrics grounded in the recommendations that are described with information from the preestablished grammar, and still, we conceive and implement in Java, under the foundation of this grammar, a residential system based on gestural interaction for usage with Microsoft Kinect. Lastly, we accomplish an experiment with potential end users of the system, aiming to better analyze the research results / O controle e automa??o de ambientes residenciais dom?tica ? uma ?rea emergente de aplica??o da computa??o. O desenvolvimento de sistemas computacionais para dom?tica ? complexo, devido ? diversidade de potenciais usu?rios e por imergir em um contexto de uso de rela??es emocionais e de constru??o familiar. Atualmente, o foco do desenvolvimento desse tipo de sistema est? direcionado, sobretudo, aos aspectos tecnol?gicos e f?sicos. Em virtude deste fato, a intera??o gestual nesta pesquisa ? investigada sob a ?tica da ?rea de Intera??o Humano-Computador (IHC). Inicialmente, abordamos a tem?tica atrav?s da constru??o de um framework conceitual para discuss?o de desafios da ?rea, de forma integrada as dimens?es: pessoas, modo de intera??o e dom?tica. Uma an?lise mais aprofundada do dom?nio ? realizada empregando o referencial te?rico-metodol?gico da Semi?tica Organizacional. Posteriormente, s?o definidas recomenda??es para a diversidade que embasam/inspiram o design inclusivo, norteado pelas habilidades f?sicas, perceptivas e cognitivas, que visam melhor representar a diversidade em quest?o. Embora os desenvolvedores tenham o apoio de tecnologias de reconhecimento gestual que auxiliam o desenvolvimento mais r?pido , esses profissionais enfrentam outra dificuldade em n?o restringir os comandos gestuais da aplica??o aos gestos padr?es fornecidos por frameworks de desenvolvimento. Portanto, uma abstra??o da intera??o gestual foi idealizada por meio de uma formaliza??o, descrita de forma sint?tica atrav?s de blocos de constru??o que origina uma gram?tica da intera??o gestual e, de forma sem?ntica, abordada sob o ponto de vista do sistema residencial. Assim, definimos um conjunto de m?tricas fundamentadas nas recomenda??es que s?o descritas com informa??es oriundas da gram?tica preestabelecida e, ainda, concebemos e implementamos em Java, sob o alicerce dessa gram?tica, um sistema residencial baseada em intera??o gestual para uso com o Microsoft Kinect. Por fim, realizamos experimento com potenciais usu?rios finais do sistema com o intuito de melhor analisar os resultados da pesquisa

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Grid-connected photovoltaic systems with energy storage have features of conventional gridconnected inverters and uninterruptible power supplies. In these systems, all elements, which include photovoltaic generator, batteries, loads and electric grid, are connected to the same equipment named multifunctional photovoltaic converter. As it is a recent technology, there are many research opportunities in this theme, from classifications and standards to specific problems. This study investigates this field in a comprehensive manner, proposing classifications, technical recommendations and a power management strategy. Initially, classifications are proposed considering system configuration and continuity of supply to the loads. In the following, technical recommendations related to grid and load compatibility, as well as safety technical recommendations, are proposed. The last proposal consists on a power management strategy which defines the operation mode of the static converters and system elements as a function of the energy scarcity. Experimental results of the power management are presented in order to validate the proposals. In this way, this thesis contributes to the development of multifunctional photovoltaic converters technology so that the distributed generation becomes more independent of solar availability and can better collaborate with the electric system. / Sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados à rede com armazenamento de energia são aqueles que conjugam características dos inversores conectados à rede convencionais e de fontes ininterruptas de energia. Nesses sistemas, todos os seus elementos, que incluem o gerador fotovoltaico, as baterias, as cargas e a rede elétrica, são conectados a um mesmo equipamento chamado de conversor fotovoltaico multifuncional. Por se tratar de uma tecnologia recente, existem muitas oportunidades de pesquisa inédita no tema, desde premissas e classificações básicas até a solução de problemas mais específicos. Este trabalho investiga o tema de maneira abrangente, propondo classificações, recomendações técnicas e uma estratégia para gerenciamento interno de potência dos conversores fotovoltaicos multifuncionais. Inicialmente, classificações são propostas considerando a configuração do sistema e a continuidade de fornecimento de energia às cargas. A seguir, são propostas recomendações técnicas relacionadas à compatibilidade com a rede e com as cargas, além de recomendações técnicas de segurança, baseando-se em normas existentes. A última proposta consiste em uma estratégia de gerenciamento interno de potência que define os modos de operação dos conversores estáticos e dos elementos do sistema em função da escassez de energia. Resultados experimentais do método proposto para o gerenciamento interno de potências são apresentados com o objetivo de validar as propostas desenvolvidas. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho contribui com o desenvolvimento da tecnologia de conversores fotovoltaicos multifuncionais, para que a geração distribuída de energia elétrica se torne mais independente da disponibilidade solar e possa melhor colaborar com o sistema elétrico.

Dans cette thèse, nous abordons le problème de l'analyse des sentiments. Plus précisément, nous sommes intéressés à analyser le sentiment exprimé dans les textes de médias sociaux.Nous allons nous concentrer sur deux tâches principales: la détection de polarité de sentiment dans laquelle nous cherchons à déterminer la polarité (positive, négative ou neutre) d'un texte donné et l'extraction de cibles d’opinion et le sentiment exprimé vers ces cibles (par exemple, pour le restaurant nous allons extraire des cibles comme la nourriture, pizza, service). Notre principal objectif est de construire des systèmes à la pointe de la technologie qui pourrait faire les deux tâches. Par conséquent, nous avons proposé des systèmes supervisés différents suivants trois axes de recherche: l'amélioration de la performance du système par la pondération de termes, en enrichissant de la représentation de documents et en proposant un nouveau modèle pour la classification de sentiment.Pour l'évaluation, nous avons participé à un atelier international sur l'évaluation sémantique (Sem Eval), nous avons choisi deux tâches: l'analyse du sentiment sur Twitter dans laquelle nous déterminer la polarité d'un tweet et l'analyse des sentiments basée sur l’aspect dans laquelle nous extrayons les cibles d'opinion dans les critiques de restaurants, puis nous déterminons la polarité de chaque cible, nos systèmes ont été classés parmi les premiers trois meilleurs systèmes dans toutes les sous-tâches. Nous avons également appliqué nos systèmes sur un corpus des critiques de livres français construit par l'équipe Open Edition pour extraire les cibles d'opinion et leurs polarités. / In this thesis, we address the problem of sentiment analysis. More specifically, we are interested in analyzing the sentiment expressed in social media texts such as tweets or customer reviews about restaurant, laptop, hotel or the scholarly book reviews written by experts. We focus on two main tasks: sentiment polarity detection in which we aim to determine the polarity (positive, negative or neutral) of a given text and the opinion target extraction in which we aim to extract the targets that the people tend to express their opinions towards them (e.g. for restaurant we may extract targets as food, pizza, service).Our main objective is constructing state-of-the-art systems which could do the two tasks. Therefore, we have proposed different supervised systems following three research directions: improving the system performance by term weighting, by enriching the document representation and by proposing a new model for sentiment classification. For evaluation purpose, we have participated at an International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval), we have chosen two tasks: Sentiment analysis in twitter in which we determine the polarity of a tweet and Aspect-Based sentiment analysis in which we extract the opinion targets in restaurant reviews, then we determine the polarity of each target. Our systems have been among the first three best systems in all subtasks. We also applied our systems on a French book reviews corpus constructed by OpenEdition team for extracting the opinion targets and their polarities.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:48:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 68472.pdf.jpg: 26974 bytes, checksum: 034a1c3c9d998708ccd9d2147b6ae400 (MD5) 68472.pdf: 1943638 bytes, checksum: 074240d8b8c6bdfa6dfcfb36d0dd4f75 (MD5) 68472.pdf.txt: 413719 bytes, checksum: bc028bb1f27dfc3f51effc0a0cdcb7af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-04-14T00:00:00Z / The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze the financial analysts of Brazilian firms. By gathering data from the market and analyzing the current performance of the firms, these professionals prepare earnings forecasts and stock recommendations. Using I/B/E/S database, it is presented a broad empirical research of the earnings forecasts and stock recommendations, as well as their information content for the Brazilian capital market. The empirical studies covered the period from January 1995 to June 2003. This thesis starts with the discussion of some concepts and the modus operandi of the financial analysts of Brazilian firms. After a literature review in the area, the empirical studies begin with the analysis of the earnings forecast errors. Some of their characteristics, such as accuracy, bias and precision are investigated in different contexts. After a critical analysis of the informational content for different types of earnings forecast revisions and actual announced earnings deviated form analysts expectations (earnings surprises), evidences of price effects in response to these facts are documented. The last part of this thesis discusses the role of stock recommendations in the Brazilian market. The percentage distribution of stock recommendations is verified as well as the informational content of stock recommendations. Other studies are carried out to verify the performance of the consensus stock recommendations and the effects of downgrades and upgrades of recommendations for Brazilian companies. / Esta tese propõe-se a analisar os analistas de mercado de capitais de empresas brasileiras. Coletando informações do mercado e analisando o desempenho corrente das empresas, estes profissionais realizam projeções de resultados e fazem recomendações. Usando dados extraídos do sistema I/B/E/S, realiza-se uma abrangente pesquisa empírica das previsões e recomendações dos analistas, bem como de seu conteúdo informativo para o mercado brasileiro. O período de estudo foi entre janeiro 1995 a junho 2003. Inicialmente são discutidos conceitos e particularidades do modus operandi dos analistas de empresas brasileiras. A seguir, depois de uma revisão da literatura onde se documentam as principais contribuições e descobertas, procede-se a uma investigação da natureza dos erros de previsão dos analistas de empresas brasileiras. Características como a acurácia, viés e precisão das previsões dos analistas são apreciadas e contextualizadas em diferentes situações. Efetua-se um detalhamento analítico do conteúdo informativo dos diferentes tipos de revisões de previsões dos analistas e das surpresas provocadas pelo anúncio de resultados em desacordo com as expectativas. De modo geral, as revisões e as surpresas, na medida em que informarem o mercado, provocam variações de retornos. Encerra-se a tese com uma análise das recomendações dos analistas. Apura-se a distribuição percentual das recomendações, assim como os efeitos sobre os preços de recomendações de compra (buy) e de venda(sell). O desempenho das recomendações de consenso e o efeito das revisões de recomendações para cima (upgrade) e para baixo (downgrade) são exemplos de outros pontos analisados.

German text / Seit dem Fall der DDR arbeiteten Kirchen jeder Couleur daran, unter der atheistischen Bevölkerung der neuen Bundesländer Gemeinde zu bauen, aber das erhoffte Gemeindewachstum blieb aus. Trotz vieler Fortschritte ist die Kirche nach wie vor lediglich eine Nische der ostdeutschen Gesellschaft. Auch freikirchliche Bemühungen sind bisher weitgehend erfolglos geblieben (Schröder 2007:2). Die Menschen im Postsozialismus scheinen gegen das Evangelium immun zu sein. Weil aber Gemeinde Jesu dazu gesandt ist, Menschen jeder Kultur und jeden Milieus mit dem Evangelium zu erreichen, muss sich Missiologie darüber Gedanken machen, wie Gemeinde dieser Sendung auch in Ostdeutschland gerecht wird. Wie kann es gelingen, das Evangelium im speziellen Kontext Ostdeutschlands zu beheimaten? Westliche Gemeindemodelle können in der kulturellen Prägung Ostdeutschlands nicht greifen. Der Besonderheit des ostdeutschen Kontextes muss im Gemeindebau Rechnung getragen werden. Die neuen Bundesländer brauchen einen kontextuellen Gemeindebau. Ausgehend von einem missionalen Gemeindeverständnis, das eingebettet ist in die missio dei (Reimer 2009:170), ist es deshalb Ziel dieser Studie einen kontextuellen Gemeindebau für die neuen Bundesländer zu entwickeln, der die Fragen und Nöte der Menschen im Osten kennt und das Evangelium für ihre Lebenswelt kontextualisiert. Mit Hilfe des bei der Unisa gebräuchlichen Praxiszyklus soll es dabei nicht nur um Theoriebildung gehen. Die vorliegende Studie mündet in Handlungsempfehlungen für die ostdeutsche Gemeindepraxis allgemein und ganz konkret für Magdeburg-Sudenburg. Diese Handlungsempfehlungen versuchen, sowohl dem ostdeutschen Kontext als auch den biblischen Leitlinien für missionale Gemeinde gerecht zu werden. / Since the fall of the GDR, churches have worked hard in the new German states. Despite that, the church is still only a niche in East German society. East Germans seem to be immune to the gospel. But how can Jesus' church fulfill her mission in East Germany, where western models of church planting have been largely unsuccessful. East Germany needs a contextual church planting. Starting from a missional church understanding that is embedded in the missio dei, this study develops a contextual church planting stratagy for the new states, that takes the uniqueness of East-Germany into account and contextualizes the gospel. This study should not end in theory. It leads to recommendations for the East German church in general practice and more specifically for Magdeburg-Sudenburg. These recommendations seek to meet the needs of both the East-German context and the biblical guidelines for missional church. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

Under 1990-talet utspelade sig en bitter kamp om marknadsandelar mellan de två ledande webbläsare Internet Explorer och Netscape Navigator, det så kallade webbläsar-kriget. Kriget hade till följd att webbläsarna blev nästan helt inkompatibla. Sedan dess pågår en ständig utveckling av gemensamma standarder för webben. Idag är förutsättningarna för kompatibilitet mycket bättre än för tio år sidan, men problemet är inte fullständigt avhjälpt. De moderna webbläsare Internet Explorer 6, Firefox 1.5, Opera 8.5 och Safari kan återge en och samma webbsida visas på olika sätt trots att det finns gemensamma standarder. Syftet med denna uppsats är att ta reda på de tekniska orsakerna bakom problemet samt att ta fram lösningsförslag för att skapa en webbsida som är helt kompatibel i de moderna webbläsarna. Uppsatsen innehåller ett omfattande teorikapitel som behandlar definitioner, historik och problem. Teorin kompletteras av tre fältintervjuer med professionella webbutvecklare. Undersökningarna visar att kompati-bilitetsproblem beror på flera faktorer och att det är omöjligt att skapa en heltäckande lösning som kommer åt alla problem. Men genom att kombinera olika tekniker kan man skapa en metod som täcker en stor del av såväl generella som specifika kompatibilitetsproblemen utan att kollidera med rekommenderade standarder. / During the 1990’s the two leading web browsers, Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator, fought each other in a battle for market shares, the so-called browser war. This war caused almost complete incompatibility between the web browsers. Since then, there has been a continual development of common standards for the web. Today conditions for compatibility are a lot better compared to ten years ago, but the problem is not completely solved. The modern web browsers Internet Explorer 6, Firefox 1.5, Opera 8.5 and Safari can display the exact same web page differently despite common standards. The aim of this essay is to investigate the technical causes of the problem and to develop suggested solutions for creating a web page that is fully compatible in modern browsers. The essay contains an extensive literature study, considering definitions, history and problems. The theory was completed with three field interviews with professional web designers. The investigations show that compatibility problems depend on several factors and that it is impossible to create one exhaustive solution that encompasses all problems. However, by combining different techniques one can create a method that covers a large part of both general and specific compatibility problems without colliding with recommended standards.

In her thesis the author looks at written communication in teaching Czech for foreigners. The theoretical part gives an account of theoretical foundations, such as synchronic and diachronic approaches to the language situation (worldwide, in Europe and especially in the Czech Republic) and language education, including introduction to communicative methods. Furthermore, the author describes individual component parts of the language education (means of expression and communication skills), with a focus on written communication. The analytical part analyses language-teaching methods of written communication in textbooks of Czech for foreigners. The last language-teaching methodological part is more practical, which the author offers specific recommendations for teaching written communication in Czech language for foreigners. Keywords analysis of textbooks, Czech for foreigners, means of expression, communicative method, recommendations for language-teaching methodology, writing, written communication, communication skills

The literature suggests that informed consent documents (ICDs) are not well understood by research participants. The patient decision aid model may suggest improvements for the informed consent process, particularly in the critical care setting (ICU) because of patient capacity issues. Our goal was to evaluate the extent to which existing ICDs used in ICU research adhere to standards and recommendations for high quality informed consent. Eighteen items from recommendations specific to ICU trials were added to a previously developed ICD evaluation tool. A sample of ICU trials was identified from clinicaltrials.gov database and the investigators contacted for their trial ICD. Conformity to the recommendations was variable. Some information are found routinely in consent documents for critical care research and some are not. Efforts should aim to establish tools for measuring decision quality in the ICU with the goal of facilitating and helping patients and surrogates work through trial participation decisions.