The dust particles generated due to mechanical wear of iron ore pellets and clusters formed in molten stainless steel alloyed with rare earth metals (REM) are considered in this study. Firstly, the influence of the characteristics of iron ore pellets, applied load on a pellet bed and partial reduction of the pellets on the size distribution of the generated dust was investigated. Secondly, REM clusters are investigated to evaluate the size distribution of the clusters. Also, an extreme value distribution (EVD) analysis has been applied for the observed REM clusters. The large sized pellets showed 10-20% higher wear rate than small sized pellets during wear in a planetary mill. Moreover, an increase of ~67% was observed in the friction and dust generation in the pellet bed as the applied load increased from 1 to 3 kg. Also, it was observed that a higher friction in the pellet bed can lead to an increased amount of airborne particles. The mechanical wear experiments of pellets reduced at 500 °C (P500) and 850 °C (P850) showed that P500 pellets exhibit ~16-35% higher wear rate than unreduced pellets. For the P850 pellets, the wear is inhibited by formation of a metallic layer at the outer surface of the pellets. The mechanism of dust generation has been explained using the obtained results. A reliable cluster size distribution of REM clusters was obtained by improving the observation method and it was used to explicate the formation and growth mechanism of REM clusters. The results show that the growth of clusters is governed by different types of collisions depending on the size of the clusters. For EVD analysis three different size parameters were considered. Moreover, using the maximum length of clusters results in a better correlation of EVD regression lines compared to other size parameters. Moreover, a comparison of predicted and observed maximum lengths of clusters showed that further work is required for the application of EVD analyses for REM clusters. / Studien fokuserar på två olika typer av mikropartiklar som är valda från olika delar av järn- och ståltillverkningsprocessen. Dessa partiklar är dels stoft som genereras på grund av mekanisk nötning av partiklar och dels klusters som bildas i flytande rostfria stål legerade med sällsynta jordartsmetaller (REM). Inledningsvis så undersöktes inverkan av tre faktorer på storleksfördelningen hos stoft som bildas vid hantering av järnoxidpellets. De undersökta faktorerna inkluderade karakteristiken hos järnoxidpellets, det applicerade trycket på pelletsbädden och den partiella reduktionen av järnoxidpellets. Därefter så utfördes tredimensionella undersökningar av REM kluster som extraherats med hjälp av elektrolytisk extraction för att bestämma storleksfördelningen hos klustren. Dessutom så utfördes en extremvärdesdistribution (EVD) studie för de studerade klustren. En planetkvarn användes för att undersöka inverkan of karakeristiken hos pellets på stoftbildningen. Resultaten visade att storleken på pellets kan påverka nötningshastigheten under dessa försöksförhållanden. Pellets som hade en större storlek (13.5&lt; Deq &lt;15.0 mm) uppvisade en 10 till 20% högre nötningshastighet i jämförelse med mindre pellets (9.5&lt; Deq &lt;12.5 mm). Baserat på analyserna av stoftet som genererades under nötningsexperimenten så konstaterades att nötningsmekanismerna för dessa pellets var abrasions- och kollisionsnötning. En pelletsbädd skapades för att möjliggöra studier av inverkan av ett applicerat tryck på stoftbildningen och friktionskrafterna i en pelletsbädd. Ett varierat tryck på mellan 1 till 3 kg applicerades på pelletsbädden. Resultaten visade att en ökning på ~67% av friktionskraften och stoftbildningen ägde rum när det applicerade trycket ökades från 1 till 3kg. Dessutom så visade resultaten att en högre friktionskraft i pelletsbädden kan resultera in en ökad mängd luftburna partiklar. Den mekaniska nötningen av pellets som reducerats vid 500 °C (P500) och 850 °C (P850) studerades också genom användande av en planetkvarn. Resultaten visade att P500 pellets uppvisade en ~ 16 till 35% högre nötningshastighet i jämförelse med oreducerade referenspellets.  Resultaten för P850 pellets visade att den mekaniska nötningen motverkades genom bildningen av ett metalliskt skikt på den yttre delen av pelletsen. Resultaten visade också att stoftet som bildats pga mekanisk nötning av reducerade pellets innehöll 3 till 6 gånger mer grova partiklar  (&gt;20µm) i jämförelse med stoft som bildats från oreducerade pellets. Slutligen så diskuterades hur dessa resultat kan relateras till industriella förhållanden med avseende på mekanismerna som är involverade i den mekaniska nötningen av pellets samt med avseende på relationen mellan hastigheten av de utgående gaserna och storlken och morfologin hos stoftpartiklarna. Klusters innehållande REM-oxider som extraherats från en 253MA rostfri stålsort undersöktes med användande av en tredimensionell teknik. En trovärdig storleksfördelning av klusters (CSD) erhölls genom att förbättra undersökningsmetoden och denna användes för att studera bildningen och tillväxten av REM oxider. Dessutom så användes cirkularitetsfaktorn hos klusters för att dela in klustren i två olika grupper, vilka bildas och tillväxer enligt olika mekanismer. Resultaten visade också att tillväxten av klusters gynnas av olika typer av kollisioner som beror av av storleken på klusters. För REM-klusters så drogs slutsatsen att turbulenta kollisioner är den huvudsakliga mekanismen som påverkar tillväxten. Avhandlingen behandlar även problemet om hur det är möjligt att hantera synfält där det inte förekommer kluster vid en extremvärdesdistribution (EVD) analys. Tre olika parametrar undersöktes i EVD analysen. Resultaten visar att om den maximala längden på kluster (LC) används i analysen så erhålls den bästa korrelationen gällande regressionslinjen för en EVD analys. Specifikt så var R2 värdet upp till 0.9876 i jämförelse med de andra storleksparametrarna som har värden i intervallet 0.9656 – 0.9774. Slutligen så visar resultaten från en jämförelse mellan beräknade och observerade maximala klusterlängder att EVD analyser för studier av REM kluster behöver undersökas ytterligare i framtiden. / <p>QC 20161128</p>

Parallèlement à la dernière réforme française du droit des sûretés, les sûretés réelles chinoises ont été rénovées par la loi sur les droits réels promulguée à la même période. En s’appuyant sur une étude compréhensive des normes législative et réglementaire autour du sujet, cette thèse, essentiellement basée sur le droit chinois, révèle qu’en matière de sûreté réelle, le droit chinois se nuance du droit français et analyse les raisons et les effets de ces différences au-dessous des termes ou notions similaires. Après l’étude comparative, la thèse arrive à la conclusion que le droit chinois des sûretés réelles nécessite un futur regroupement en dépit de la nouvelle loi sur les droits réels. / During the same period, a reform of security law had completed in France, while the Chinese real rights law which has renovated security rights in rem was about to be promulgated in China. This thesis, based on Chinese law and drawing upon a comprehensive study of laws and administrative regulations on the subject, reveals the differences between Chinese and French law and analyze their cause and effect behind similar terms and notions. Grounded on the comparative study, the thesis draws the conclusion that the Chinese system of security rights in rem requires a further reform despite the arrival of new law.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:26:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rogerio Russo Lupo.pdf: 644196 bytes, checksum: 99a7688408475e2c308cf63c08b0a283 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-17 / This essay aims at illustrating the evolution of the legal concept of Property, from Ancient times to present. To demonstrate this, it analyzes the chronology and the historical evolution of Property until the contemporary concept of social function of Property. The study of the social function of Property consists of its concept, historical and constitutional evolution, limitations, beneficiaries and regulation upon the enactment of the 2002 Brazilian Civil Code. The legal institute of the social function of Property is based on the right to freedom, as it is normally interpreted, and focuses on the purpose of allowing access to the use of property, concerning not only the development of a person s welfare but also her human dignity. Thus, it will be demonstrate that the absolutism prevailing in ancient Property laws, which has been losing ground and nowadays has a different meaning, now focuses on the objective to be given to Property. Certainly, the applicable laws, specially the 2002 Brazilian Civil Code and the 1988 Federal Constitution of 1988, established hypothesis and limits to the applicability of the social function of Property, which precluded both a chaotic situation and an absolute anarchic state. Finally, it is worth pointing out that the 2002 Brazilian Civil Code has incorporated the new concept of property, which represents a complex legal relationship, full of rights and duties, and which focuses primarily on the fulfillment of its social function. Several innovations, such as the loss of Property upon the indemnification to third persons, who, by taking possession of the land, end up granting a social function to such property, the abandonment and the seizing of the res by the State, the new statute of limitations and forms of ownership resulting from adverse possession, as well as the new rules regarding easements ensure a new form of Property law, which complies with the prevailing constitutional principles / Este trabalho procura demonstrar a evolução do conceito de Propriedade no Direito, desde a Antigüidade até os dias de hoje. Para tanto, estuda a cronologia e a evolução histórica da Propriedade até chegar ao conceito contemporâneo de função social de propriedade. O estudo da função social da propriedade abrange sua conceituação, evolução histórica e constitucional, suas limitações, seus beneficiários e sua normatização em face do advento do Código Civil de 2002. O instituto da função social da propriedade fundamenta-se no direito à liberdade, entendido no sentido livre e objetivando propiciar o justo acesso à utilização dos bens, tanto no desenvolvimento da pessoa como na sua dignidade humana. Assim, será demonstrado a seguir que o absolutismo , antes preponderante nas legislações reguladoras da Propriedade e que foram perdendo espaço, hoje se preocupa e muito com a destinação a ser dada à Propriedade. Certamente que as legislações aplicáveis, especificamente o Código Civil de 2002 e a Constituição Federal de 1988, estipulam hipóteses e limites para a aplicabilidade da função social da propriedade, não permitindo a criação de uma situação caótica e muito menos um estado de anarquia absoluta. Finalmente, cumpre-se ressaltar que o Código Civil de 2002 abraçou o novo conceito de propriedade como relação jurídica complexa, carregada de direitos e deveres e voltada à vocação primordial de atender à função social. Diversas inovações, como a perda da propriedade mediante indenização para terceiros possuidores que lhe confiram função social, o abandono e a arrecadação da res pelo Estado, os novos prazos e modalidades de usucapião, as novas regras de direito de vizinhança dão nova feição ao direito das coisas, afinado com os princípios constitucionais vigentes

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-10-06T12:49:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cesar Calo Peghini.pdf: 1966661 bytes, checksum: e67bf8c62d2510db5ffcf3fa4c79d0a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-06T12:49:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cesar Calo Peghini.pdf: 1966661 bytes, checksum: e67bf8c62d2510db5ffcf3fa4c79d0a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-18 / Originating from human activity, the law relies on the social fact as a landmark reference which seeks social peace upon application of conflict-resolution rules and techniques. In pursuing social peace, the legal rule is applied to all branches of the law and stems from the influence of the environment surrounding it, being even reflected in the Civil Law, especially within the ambit of this paper, when it comes to Property Rights. In view of the corporeal nature of the human being, it is imperative to condition it to existing things and to their intersubjective relationships. Thus, the subject-matter of this paper consists in analyzing property rights and in confronting the application of objective good faith to such relations. This study will cover the legislative development of said legal institutes, their general features, the objective-good-faith paradigm pervading the law and their perceptible impacts in Property Rights, to finally explore the effectiveness of the application of objective good faith to the following legal situations: property; surface; easements; usufruct; use; dwelling; the right of the purchaser of real property; pledge; mortgage; and antichresis, and their impacts on the current normative legal system’s framework. Therefore, by scrutinizing both academic writings and judgments from domestic courts, particularly the Superior Court of Justice, as of the effective date of the Brazilian Civil Code of 2002 up until July 1, 2017, one has examined the concrete aspects involving the application of the objective good-faith to actual legal situations / Fruto da atividade humana, o direito tem como marco referencial o fato social, qual visa à pacificação social por meio da aplicação de normas e técnicas de solução de conflitos. Com fim de pacificação social a norma é aplicada em todos os ramos do direito, oriunda da influência do meio que a circunda, acha-se inclusive refletida no Direito Civil, em especial para a presente tese, no que tange aos Direitos Reais. Frente à corporeidade imanente do ser humano, imperioso condicioná-lo a existência das coisas e suas relações intersubjetivas. Assim o presente trabalho tem como objeto a análise dos direitos reais, bem como a confrontação da aplicação da boa-fé objetiva em referidas relações. Trafegará entre a evolução legislativa dos referidos institutos, bem como a suas características gerais, tratará acerca do paradigma da boa-fé objetiva que permeia todo o direito e seus nítidos reflexos ao Direito Real, para finalmente, explorar a efetividade da aplicação da boa-fé objetiva às seguintes situações jurídicas reais: propriedade; superfície; servidões; usufruto; uso; habitação; direito do promitente comprador do imóvel; penhor; hipoteca; e anticrese, e, seus reflexos no atual enquadramento do sistema jurídico normativo. Portanto, esmiuçado doutrina e decisões oriundas dos tribunais nacionais, em especial o Superior Tribunal de Justiça a partir da vigência do Código Civil de 2002 até o dia 01 de julho de 2017, verificou a concretude da aplicação da boa-fé objetiva, nas situações jurídicas reais

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Fogaca Pantaleao.pdf: 708676 bytes, checksum: 17b0aad00214db9f076117ff3152a73a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-23 / This essay concerns the investigation about Criminal Review, an institute inserted in the Brazilian Legal System of criminal procedure, under the specific consideration of an epistemological view. A genealogical, critical and systemic method of research will be dealt with in order to introduce the proceeding of Criminal Review as a complementary support to criminal jurisdiction in the pursuit of the most adequate solution for a lawsuit brought to a court within cognitive boundaries. This peculiar inquiry will preliminarily comprise historic aspects and foreign statutory laws to a further and contextual development of the dialectic discussion about the hypotheses and theories concerning the legal nature of the Criminal Review and its pragmatical role in courts. As a conclusion, Criminal Review is the right of the defendant in a criminal procedure to be under constitutional protection so that his/her freedom and dignity will not be harmed / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo a investigação acerca do instituto previsto no ordenamento processual penal brasileiro denominado Revisão Criminal, especificamente no seu aspecto epistemológico. O método de pesquisa será de natureza genealógica, crítica e sistêmica, visando apresentar o procedimento da Revisão Criminal como um meio de complementação do mecanismo judiciário para um alcance da melhor solução do conflito apresentado pela ação penal, dentro das limitações cognitivas. Para tanto, serão abordados aspectos históricos e a legislação estrangeira para, após, ser contextualizada a problemática que envolve a natureza jurídica da Revisão Criminal e analisadas as hipóteses de cabimento. O estudo realizado revela a Revisão Criminal como direito decorrente dos princípios e garantias constitucionais, preservador da liberdade e da dignidade humana do acusado na persecução penal

O Reconhecimento de Entidades Mencionadas (REM) é uma subtarefa da extração de informações e tem como objetivo localizar e classificar elementos do texto em categorias pré-definidas tais como nome de pessoas, organizações, lugares, datas e outras classes de interesse. Esse conhecimento obtido possibilita a execução de outras tarefas mais avançadas. O REM pode ser considerado um dos primeiros passos para a análise semântica de textos, além de ser uma subtarefa crucial para sistemas de gerenciamento de documentos, mineração de textos, extração da informação, entre outros. Neste trabalho, estudamos alguns métodos de Aprendizado de Máquina aplicados na tarefa de REM que estão relacionados ao atual estado da arte, dentre eles, dois métodos aplicados na tarefa de REM para a língua portuguesa. Apresentamos três diferentes formas de avaliação destes tipos de sistemas presentes na literatura da área. Além disso, desenvolvemos um sistema de REM para língua portuguesa utilizando Aprendizado de Máquina, mais especificamente, o arcabouço de máxima entropia. Os resultados obtidos com o nosso sistema alcançaram resultados equiparáveis aos melhores sistemas de REM para a língua portuguesa desenvolvidos utilizando outras abordagens de aprendizado de máquina. / Named Entity Recognition (NER), a task related to information extraction, aims to classify textual elements according to predefined categories such as names, places, dates etc. This enables the execution of more advanced tasks. NER is a first step towards semantic textual analysis and is also a crucial task for systems of information extraction and other types of systems. In this thesis, I analyze some Machine Learning methods applied to NER tasks, including two methods applied to Portuguese language. I present three ways of evaluating these types of systems found in the literature. I also develop an NER system for the Portuguese language utilizing Machine Learning that entails working with a maximum entropy framework. The results are comparable to the best NER systems for the Portuguese language developed with other Machine Learning alternatives.

En automobile, les suspensions semi-actives à base de fluides magnétorhéologiques (MR) proposent un compromis très intéressant entre des performances élevées et une Consommation électrique faible. Par le contrôle et l'ajustement de leurs paramètres d'amortissement, elles permettent de réaliser une optimisation en temps réel du comportement sur une large bande de fréquences de sollicitations. Cette technologie utilise les fluides MR dont la viscosité augmente sous l'action d'un champ magnétique, en quelques ms. Ce mémoire présente la conception et le dimensionnement d'un amortisseur MR ainsi que le banc de test associé. La caractérisation dynamique et statique de l'amortisseur a été effectuée. L'évaluation expérimentale de la force d'amortissement en fonction des grandeurs dynamiques et électriques a été mesurée et comparée au modèle théorique utilisé dans la phase de conception. Le comportement en régime statique de l'amortisseur a été modélisé par un modèle de Bingham et le comportement dynamique par un modèle de Bouc-Wen. La dernière partie de l'étude concerne la mise en place et la validation de plusieurs lois de contrôle pour les suspensions semi-actives, notamment de nouvelles lois basées sur l'inversion du modèle REM. Une comparaison des performances en termes de confort et de consommation électrique de chaque loi est présentée. Ces nouvelles lois de contrôle ont montré de très bonnes performances tout en réduisant la consommation électrique par rapport aux autres lois déjà existantes.

Zur detaillierten Beschreibung des Lastabtragverhaltens textiler Bewehrung im Beton ist es erforderlich, das Penetrationsverhalten der Betonmatrix in die stark heterogene Garnstruktur zu beschreiben. Zur Charakterisierung der Mikrostruktur im Querschnitt wurde eine Bildanalysemethode entwickelt, um die Verbundsituation der einzelnen Filamente quantitativ auswerten zu können. Um eine räumliche Beschreibung der Verbundsituation zu erreichen, wurde die Strategie verfolgt, aus aufeinander folgenden Schichtaufnahmen mittels Rasterelektronenmikroskopie eine räumliche Struktur abzuleiten. Hierzu wurden zum einen die experimentelle Vorgehensweise erarbeitet und zum anderen ein Ansatz für die Zuordnung der Filamente zwischen den einzelnen Querschnitten entwickelt.

The functions of sleep remain enigmatic. One of the dominant, yet more contentious hypotheses is that sleep is involved in memory consolidation. A large body of evidence supports the role of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in memory consolidation, especially in rodents. In humans, the role of REM sleep in memory consolidation has also been investigated, however it is unclear if it supports only one type of memory, or consolidation for several memory systems. Recent evidence suggests that non-REM is also involved in memory consolidation. The role of theta activity during REM and sleep spindles during non-REM may provide electrophysiological signatures reflecting memory consolidation processes. The studies presented here attempt to further investigate the electrophysiological characteristics of the learning-dependent changes in REM and slow wave sleep (SWS) in rats. A 2-stage model of memory consolidation is outlined here, and both steps of the model were investigated. Consistent with previous studies, REM increases were observed following avoidance training. During this period, theta power during REM sleep was increased compared to non-learning rats. Increased sleep spindle density during SWS was observed following REM increases. When REM sleep was suppressed by infusing the GABAB agonist baclofen into the pedunculopontine nucleus, avoidance performance acquisition was impaired. Baseline sleep spindles predicted whether rats were able to learn to make avoidance responses. Results suggest that both REM and SWS may be sequentially involved in memory consolidation processes. Discrete periods (windows) exist for REM and SWS when memory consolidation processes appear to take place. Theta activity during REM sleep from 17- 20 h on the first post-training day and sleep spindles during SWS from 21-24 h on the first post- training day are increased in learning rats and are related to memory performance. / Thesis (Ph.D, Neuroscience Studies) -- Queen's University, 2009-10-26 12:07:47.515

La présente thèse examine les liens entre le sommeil, la mémoire épisodique et les rêves. Dans une première étude, nous utilisons les technologies de la réalité virtuelle (RV) en liaison avec un paradigme de privation de sommeil paradoxal et de collecte de rêve en vue d'examiner l'hypothèse que le sommeil paradoxal et le rêve sont impliqués dans la consolidation de la mémoire épisodique. Le sommeil paradoxal a été associé au rappel des aspects spatiaux des éléments émotionnels de la tâche RV. De la même façon, l'incorporation de la tâche RV dans les rêves a été associée au rappel des aspects spatiaux de la tâche. De plus, le rappel des aspects factuels et perceptuels de la mémoire épisodique, formé lors de la tâche VR, a été associé au sommeil aux ondes lentes. Une deuxième étude examine l'hypothèse selon laquelle une fonction possible du rêve pourrait être de créer de nouvelles associations entre les éléments de divers souvenirs épisodiques. Un participant a été réveillé 43 fois lors de l'endormissement pour fournir des rapports détaillés de rêves. Les résultats suggèrent qu'un seul rêve peut comporter, dans un même contexte spatiotemporel, divers éléments appartenant aux multiples souvenirs épisodiques. Une troisième étude aborde la question de la cognition lors du sommeil paradoxal, notamment comment les aspects bizarres des rêves, qui sont formés grâce aux nouvelles combinaisons d'éléments de la mémoire épisodique, sont perçus par le rêveur. Les résultats démontrent une dissociation dans les capacités cognitives en sommeil paradoxal caractérisée par un déficit sélectif dans l'appréciation des éléments bizarres des rêves. Les résultats des quatre études suggèrent que le sommeil aux ondes lentes et le sommeil paradoxal sont différemment impliqués dans le traitement de la mémoire épisodique. Le sommeil aux ondes lentes pourrait être implique dans la consolidation de la mémoire épisodique, et le sommeil paradoxal, par l'entremise du rêve, pourrais avoir le rôle d'introduire de la flexibilité dans ce système mnémonique. / The present dissertation examines relationships between sleep, episodic memory and dreaming. In Articles I and II we use a novel virtual reality (VR) task in conjunction with a rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation (REMD) paradigm and dream sampling to examine the hypothesis that REM sleep and dreaming are involved in the consolidation of episodic memory. REM sleep was associated with the successful recall of the spatial aspects of emotionally charged elements of the VR task. Similarly, dreaming was associated with improved performance on the spatial aspects of the recall task. Recall of the factual and perceptual aspects of episodic memories formed with the VR task was associated with increased slow wave sleep (SWS) during the post-exposure night. Overall, the results suggest that SWS is associated with the perceptual and factual aspects of episodic memories while REM sleep is not, a finding which may relate to observations that REM sleep dreaming is composed of deconstructed fragments of loosely associated episodic memories. Study II examines the hypothesis that a function of dreaming may be to create new associations between previously unrelated memory items. A participant, highly trained in introspection and mentation reporting, was awakened 43 times during theta bursts at sleep onset and provided detailed reports of resulting imagery and associated memory sources. This technique provided evidence that elements of distally related memory sources are brought together in temporal and spatial proximity within a novel context provided by the dream, suggesting a role for dreaming in memory processing. To allow for this possibility, we speculate that dreaming experiences may be functionally equivalent to waking experiences in their ability to induce neural plasticity. Study III addresses an aspect of this functional equivalence by examining if dream bizarreness is incompatible with behavioral and cognitive features associated with waking state experience-driven plasticity, i.e., whether the dreamer can act upon, emote and be motivated towards an element of the dream that is bizarre and that violates basic assumptions of physical reality. The results demonstrate a dissociation in cognitive ability during dreaming characterized by a selective deficiency in appreciating bizarreness in face of a maintained ability for logical thought. This finding thus addresses the problem of the wake-like mind reflecting upon dream bizarreness and suggests that dreaming is a state in which the cognitive aspects associated with synaptic plasticity (attention, emotion and motivation associated with believing a situation to be reality) are present while allowing for the presentation of memory item combinations which may transcend the limits of physical reality. The results of the four studies are discussed in light of how REM and SWS sleep stages are differentially involved in specific aspects of episodic memory (episodic replay vs. episodic novelty) and the possible role that dreaming, as a driver of synaptic plasticity, may have in these relationships.