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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
831

A systematic literature review on drones’ application in last-mile delivery.

Persson, Emil January 2021 (has links)
In recent years, companies such as Amazon and DHL have started to develop alternative last-mile delivery options because of the growing trend in e-commerce. Last-mile deliveries refer to the terminal to customer deliveries and have become increasingly challenging to manage, as traffic congestions in cities has risen. Therefore, companies have begun searching for alternative delivery methods, such as autonomous drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The purpose of this thesis is to investigate drones in the current literature on last-mile delivery. First, by conducting a systematic literature review on the current literature available in two major databases. Second, by analyzing the collected literature sample and presenting it through a descriptive analysis focusing on bibliometrics and a thematic analysis that identifies emerging themes for drivers for drones’ application in last-mile delivery, barriers for drones’ application in last-mile delivery, and approaches for implementing drones in last-mile delivery.                        Drones’ application in last-mile delivery has the potential to reduce cost, decrease delivery time, reduce emissions, and reduce energy consumption. However, barriers that hinder the implementation, such as governmental regulations, need further consideration for the implementation to occur. Some evident gaps can be found related to the barriers. Both managers and researchers might find the thesis useful, as it provides a holistic view on the subject, with theoretical, managerial, and societal implications being presented.
832

Human rights monitoring in Africa : the African Peer Review Mechanism and the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights

Makanje, Revai M. January 2003 (has links)
"The New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) is an African Union (AU) mandated programme whose main focus is to address key social, economic, and political issues for the African continent. Within the NEPAD programme and vision is the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM), which has been described as a system of self-assessment, constructive peer dialogue, persuasion, and sharing of experience among member states of the African Union. The APRM is the execution mechanism for NEPAD, whose mandate is to monitor the preformance of states in different programme areas including human rights. The mandate on human rights monitoring falls within the political governance component of the NEPAD Declaration on Democracy, Political, Economic and Corporate Governance (NEPAD Declaration). The APRM has been introduced with a human rights monitoring component in a context where there already exist a number of other human rights mechanisms and institutions such as the African Commission. The proposed processes of the APRM in monitoring human rights in some ways resemble those of the African Commission while at the same time there are major differences between these mechanisms. For example, while the Africa Commission is a quasi-judicial body, which engages in legal processes, the APRM is a political process where heads of state are among the main actors. Some analysts have expressed the view that the creation of the APRM as a political process adds a vital component to the human rights monitoring in Africa which, since the creation of the African Commission, has remained purely legal and thus had limited success in ensuring human rights protection in Africa. While some have shared their doubt over the added value and role of the APRM in human rights monitoring, others have hailed it for providing a forum where heads of state will make political commitments for the protection of human rights. In this regard, the aim of this study is to analyse the role that the APRM will play in human rights monitoring in Africa. This analysis is done in relation to the work that is being done by the African Commission and the challenges that it has confonted over the years. In analysing the role of the APRM in human rights monitoring, this study unpacks the concept of peer review and analyse its practical implementation in Africa, especially in the field of human rights. This study also explores the implications on human rights protection and promotion of the co-existence of the African Commission and the APRM. ... Chapter 1 states the research questions/hypothesis, objectives of the study, relevance of study and literature review. It also looks at the scope and limitations of the study. Chapter 2 gives background information to the concept of peer review, how it is used in ensuring compliance with set standards by states and organisation. An analysis of the use of peer review by other international organisations is done. Further it gives an analysis of the APRM with a specific focus on its human rights monitoring role. Chapter 3 provides a brief background of the African Commission, its mandate and the challenges confronting it in its work. Thereafter there is an analysis of the challenges of the APRM in human rights monitoring and protection. Furthermore, the chapter critically analyses and evaluates peer review and its application in human rights monitoring in Africa. This chapter also highlights the similarities, overlaps and differences in the work and mandate of the APRM and the African Commission. Chapter 4 is the concluding chapter, which also provides recommendations for enhancing the efficiency and the co-operation of the APRM and the African Commission." -- Chapter 1. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2003. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html / Centre for Human Rights / LLM
833

Charakteristika, Therapie und Outcome von Patienten mit spinalem Glioblastom oder Gliosarkom - Ein systematischer Review.

Beyer, Stefanie 19 July 2016 (has links)
Gliome stellen mit 30-40 % die häufigsten intrakraniellen Tumoren dar. Darunter ist das Glioblastom, auch als Glioblastoma multiforme bezeichnet, mit ca. 50 % am stärksten vertreten und macht somit allein etwa 20 % aller Hirntumoren aus (Russell und Rubinstein 1989). Neben einer Metastasierung über den Liquor können diese Tumoren auch sehr selten als primäre Neubildung im Rückenmark vorkommen. Ebenso ist dort die Entwicklung eines sekundären Glioblastoms aus dem fortschreitenden Wachstum eines niedriggradigen Astrozytoms heraus möglich (Sure et al. 1997). Aufgrund ihres diffus infiltrativen Wachstums sowie der infausten Prognose wird das Glioblastom in der WHO-Klassifikation dem Tumorgrad IV zugeordnet (Louis et al. 2007). Ziel dieser vorliegenden medizinischen Dissertation ist es, mit Hilfe einer Meta-Analyse individueller Patientendaten einen integrativen Überblick über die bereits vorhandene Forschung dieser seltenen Erkrankung zu erlangen. Aus einer umfangreichen Literaturrecherche resultierten 82 geeignete Publikationen, sodass von insgesamt 157 Patienten unter anderem Daten zum Veröffentlichungszeitraum, Alter und Geschlecht des Patienten, Tumorbiologie und –lokalisation sowie Therapie und Outcome erhoben werden konnten. In der statistischen Auswertung wurde die Korrelation dieser Faktoren eingehend untersucht mit dem Ziel, signifikante Aspekte herauszufiltern, die das Überleben von Patienten mit spinalem Glioblastom positiv beeinflussen können. Trotz einer stetigen Verbesserung der bildgebenden Diagnostik durch Magnetresonanztomographie und Computertomographie sowie multimodaler Tumortherapie zeigte sich in der Auswertung der Ergebnisse, dass das mediane Überleben der Patienten mit spinalem Glioblastom bzw. Gliosarkom auf nur rund neun Monate zu beziffern ist. Dabei konnten sowohl das Alter bei Diagnosestellung als auch das Jahr der Veröffentlichung der jeweiligen Patientenfälle als statistisch signifikante und somit bedeutende prognostische Faktoren im Hinblick auf die Überlebenszeit der Patienten identifiziert werden.
834

Manuscripts in Swahili and other African languages.: Book Review.

Geider, Thomas January 1994 (has links)
Book Review of Ernst Dammann, Afrikanische Handschriften, Teil 1 - Handschriften in Swahili und anderen Sprachen Afrikas
835

Forschungsorientierte Gruppenlernprozesse "blended" gestalten

Arndt, Martin January 2016 (has links)
„Wurzeln und Flügel“ sollten Kinder bekanntlich von ihren Eltern bekommen um Bindung und Freiheit zu erfahren. Möchte man engagierte forschungsorientierte Gruppenlernprozesse gestalten spielen diese beiden Aspekte ebenfalls eine zentrale Rolle. Die Teilnehmenden solcher Prozesse erarbeiten sich gemeinsam den Zugang zu einem Themengebiet, finden sich in Gruppen zusammen, um sich gegenseitig zu unterstützen und bekommen durch die Auflösung der Seminarstruktur die Freiheit, sich intensiv mit den selbst gewählten Schwerpunkten auseinanderzusetzen. Sie teilen Erfahrungen und Erkenntnisse mit der Gesamtgruppe und profitieren von einem umfassenden Peer-Review im Prozess der Verschriftlichung der Ergebnisse. Einblicke in die Planung, die Durchführung und vor allem die umfassende Evaluation eines solchen „blended“ gestalteten Seminars der Kunstdidaktik (Fachdidaktische Kritik digitaler Arbeitsmittel im Kunstunterricht) bilden in diesem Workshop die Basis für Diskussionen, praktische Überlegungen und kleine Anwendungen.
836

Visualizations in Augmented Reality for Multiple Real-Time Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Video Feeds : Visualizing Occluded and Out-of-View Entities

Bränneby, Måns, Gerfort, Oliver January 2022 (has links)
Background. The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is today prevalent in both defense applications as well as in civilian tasks and is predicted to have a major socio-economic impact [22]. The opportunities involved with using Augmented Reality (AR) during UAV operations have engaged previous research intending to improve an operator’s situational awareness which allows operations to be carried out without putting people in dangerous situations [1,11,47]. In the case of a system where multiple UAVs are simultaneously active with the possibility to share information, opportunities arise for visualization of tracked entities either located behind objects in the environment or outside the field of view of a UAV. While previous research has been done in the field of AR on hidden elements, the impact of those techniques in a multi-UAV scenario is unexplored. Objectives. The thesis aimed to answer the question of what the impact is of different visualization techniques in regards to response time, depth perception, and clarity in a multi-UAV scenario involving entities occluded by the environment or otherwise hidden. Methods. This thesis has gone forward with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to in a systematic way compile the most important visualization techniques for AR visualizations of hidden elements. The techniques proposed by the SLR were implemented in an application simulating a multi-UAV scenario as well as evaluated in an experiment and a survey to fill in the gaps in previous research. Results. The SLR provided this work with multiple important aspects for visualization of entities, both occluded as well outside the field of view including the importance to utilize occlusion as a depth cue but also concrete techniques for implementation. Through the SLR the Excavation box, Naive ghosting, Silhouette, Ruler, Halo, and Radar techniques were selected for implementation in a multi-UAV scenario. The evaluation showed that for clarity the Excavation box and Silhouette techniques were preferred over the Naive ghosting technique, that the Halo technique is preferred for estimation of position but also aspects such that the occlusion depth cue may be unnecessary at the distances involved in the general multi-UAV scenario evaluated. Conclusions. Based on the findings of this thesis can visualizations in a multi-UAV scenario be created, heightening the situational awareness of UAV operators and therefore allowing tasks to be completed without putting people in dangerous situations [1, 11, 22, 47]. / Bakgrund. Drönare är idag använda i både försvarssammanhang och allmänna samhällssituationer och förväntas ha ett betydande socio-ekonomiskt avtryck i framtiden [22]. Genom att använda sig av augmenterad verklighet (AR) under drönaruppdrag, ett område där tidigare forskning genomförts, kan en operatörs medvetenhet kring sin omgivning höjas och därmed uppdrag genomföras utan att människor sätts i farliga situationer [1,11,47]. I situationer där flera drönare samtidigt är aktiva och kan dela information med varandra dyker möjligheter upp att visualisera spårade entiteter som befinner sig både bakom objekt i miljön och utanför synfältet för en specifik drönare. Tidigare forskning har gjorts inom AR för dolda element men hur dessa fungerar i detta system med flera drönare är outforskat. Syfte. Denna avhandlings mål var att svara på frågan kring hur olika visualiseringstekniker fungerar i avseende med responstid, djupuppfattning och tydlighet i situationer med flera aktiva drönare med spårade, dolda entiteter. Metod. Denna avhandling har genomfört en Systematic Literature Review (SLR) för att systematiskt ta fram de viktigaste teknikerna inom forskningen för AR visualiseringar av dolda element. De tekniker föreslagna av SLR:en implementerades i en applikation som simulerar ett multi-drönar scenario följt av en evaluering genom ett experiment och en undersökning för att bidra i ett område där forskning saknas. Resultat. SLR:en bidrog med flera viktiga principer och tekniker relevanta för att svara på avhandlingens forskningsfråga. Baserat på dessa resultat implementerades sex stycken tekniker: Excavation box, Naive ghosting, Silhouette, Ruler, Halo och Radar. Evalueringen visade att för tydlighet bör Excavation box eller Silhouette användas över Naive ghosting, Halo-tekniken är att föredra vid positionsestimering och att aspekter som att använda sig av täckning som guide för djupuppfattning kanske är onödig vid distanserna som är relevanta i det evaluerade scenariot. Slutsatser. Baserat på upptäckterna i denna avhandling kan visualiseringar för system med flera drönare skapas vilka ökar medvetenheten kring en operatörs omgivning och därför utföra uppdrag utan att människor utsätts för farliga miljöer [1,11,22,47].
837

Hur beskrivs aktivitetsbalans i studier med kvantitativ design? : En Scoping Review / How is occupational balance described in studies with quantitative design? : A scoping review.

Ahlsgård, Linn, Callenryd, Emelie January 2022 (has links)
Introduktion: Det finns allt fler studier inom området “Aktivitetsbalans” inom Arbetsterapin. Studier lyfter associationer till aktivitetsbalans inom olika livsområden men än finns få studier som sammanställer Forskningsläget kring dessa associationer. Samlad kunskap behövs kring arbetsterapeutens förebyggande, återställande och bibehållande insatser gentemot sina klienter. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva forskningsläget kring vad som är associerat till aktivitetsbalans i kvantitativa studier. Metod: Designen för examensarbete var scoping review. Datainsamling genomfördes i databaserna Cinahl och Medline. Tjugo artiklar inkluderades och analyserades med numerisk och tematisk analys. Resultat: Examensarbetet resulterade i teman och underteman som beskriver associationer till aktivitetsbalans. Följande fem teman skapades: Hälsa och välbefinnande, Sociodemografi, Aktivitet, Interpersonella faktorer och Omgivningsfaktorer. Dessa utmynnade i elva underteman som associerar till aktivitetsbalans: Hälsa, livskvalitet och livstillfredsställelse, personfaktorer, variabla personfaktorer, sysselsättning, tillfredsställelse med aktivitetsutförande, problematiskt internetanvändande, familj och sociala relationer, barn med särskilda behov, samhällsinformation och isolering. Slutsats: En persons hälsa, relationer och dagliga aktiviteter har genom arbetet visat sig ha ett samband med aktivitetsbalans. Även personliga egenskaper och delar av den omgivningen där personen befinner sig i förefaller vara associerat till aktivitetsbalansen. Aktivitetsbalans har i examensarbetet visat sig ha associationer till flera olika delar av en människas tillvaro. / Introduction: More research is getting produced regarding ”occupational balance” (OB) in the field of occupational therapy. Studies lifts associations to occupational balance in different areas of life but there’s still few studies that conclude these associations. Congregated knowledge is needed in the occupational therapist daily preventive, restorative and maintaining work. Aim: To describe the current research about associations to OB in quantitative studies. Method: The study design was a scoping review. Data was collected from Cinahl and Medline. Twenty articles were included and analysed through numerical and thematical analysis. Results: The thesis resulted in five themes and eleven sub-themes describing associations to OB. Following five themes were created: Health and wellbeing, sociodemographic, activity, interpersonal factors, environmental factors. These themes resulted in eleven sub-themes with associations to OB: Health, life quality and life satisfaction, personal factors, variating personfactors, employment, family and social relationships, children with special needs, problematic internet use, social information, isolation, and satisfaction with occupational performance. Conclusions: A persons health, relations and daily activities have shown a relationship to occupational balance. Personal characteristics and surrounding environment of which the person belongs seems to relate to occupational balance. Occupational balance has shown associations to many parts of the human life.
838

Orthotic interventions for lower limb impaired patients with multiple sclerosis: an Umbrella Review

Petersson, Johan, Yen Eng, Swan January 2022 (has links)
Background: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory auto-immune disease with various symptoms, which requires comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment for distinct and individualized conditions. Reviews on this population address treatment alternatives (i.e., pharmaceutical and rehabilitation). Orthotic interventions are seldom mentioned or mentioned briefly in conjunction with physiotherapy interventions. Aim: This study aims to critically appraise and summarize current evidence regarding orthotic interventions for multiple sclerosis population with lower limb deficiencies. Methods: This study uses umbrella review protocol for systematic reviews. 5 databases were used (CINAHL, Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science). From 44 reviews, 6 systematic reviews were obtained using JBI appraisal tool. Methodological quality is appraised using AMSTAR II, data were extracted via JBI data extraction form for umbrella reviews. 2 articles were excluded and the evidence quality of the remaining 4 articles were appraised via GRADE. Results: 2 out of 4 investigated the effect of foot orthoses, whilst the remaining investigated FES devices. 3 out of 4 articles scored “Critically low” in methodological quality, 1 scored “High”. The evidence quality of the different outcomes ranges from "Very low” to “High”. Conclusion: Foot orthoses reported an increase RoM in ankle and knee joints. FES intervention found an increase in speed and endurance during gait and increased RoM of ankle and knee. However, more studies with higher quality are needed to establish clinical recommendations. / Bakgrund: Multipel skleros är en kroniskt inflammatorisk auto-immun sjukdom med komplexa symtom som kräver en omfattande multidisciplinär behandlingsplan för att främja positiva, måluppnående behandlingsresultat. Artiklar gällande denna populationen kollar på behandlings alternativ (som medicinska och rehabilitering). Ortos interventioner nämns kort men ofta vid sidan av diskuterade medicinska interventionerna eller som komplement till fysioterapin. Syfte: Denna studie syftar att kritiskt värdera och summera den nuvarande evidensen gällande användningen av ortoser som intervention för brister i lägre extremiteters funktion för patienter med multipel skleros. Metod: Sökningen genomfördes i 5 databaser (CINAHL, Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science). Från 44 artiklar, var 6 studier behöriga efter JBI utvärderings verktyg. Metodologisk kvalitet var testat genom AMSTAR II, data var framtagen genom ” JBI data extraktion form for Umbrella reviews”. 2 artiklar var exkluderade ytterligare och evidens kvalitén av de kvarstående 4 artiklarna var testat med GRADE. Resultat: Två av de fyra inkluderade studierna studerade användningen av fotortoser medans de kvarvarande studerade FES-enheter. Tre av fyra studier fick betyget ”Critically low” gällande metodologisk kvalitet, en fick betyget ”High”. Evidens kvaliten av interventionernas resultat varierade mellan ”Very low” till ”High”. Sammanfattning: Fotortoser rapporterade en chans att öka rörlighets omfånget i ankel och knä. FES-enhet visade en ökning av hastighet och uthållighet vid gång samt öka rörelseomfånget i ankel och knä. Denna studie konstaterar att det behövs fler starka studier för att kunna skapa kliniska rekommendationer gällande ortoser för nedre extremiteter för MS patienter.
839

Generating innovative ideas through systematic literature review and research synthesis : A design of a practical methodological framework for literature review

Önnered, Simon January 2021 (has links)
This is an action-oriented study aimed at designing a practical methodology for generating evidence backed solutions for practical problems by means of literature review. Three iterations of systematic review are applied which evaluates different search strategies and reporting structures to provide a framework for an ideation technique. Resulting in an adaptation of a previously used framework which can be deployed to different extents that appears to result in design propositions alongside individual interventions.
840

Interventions aimed towards children who live in environments where adults misuse substances : A scoping review

Leo, Monique January 2022 (has links)
Children who grow up with one or both parents who substance misuse are at an elevated risk of being harmed. This study aimed to compile current knowledge on directed interventions intended to improve the outcomes of children who live in environments where adults misuse substances, and to analyze children’s influence and participation in interventions. The method used was a systematically undertaken scoping review. Despite a comprehensive searching strategy only ten relevant studies were found. There was a low geographical spread indicating the lack of intervention studies, including within Scandinavian settings. The result showed that nine out of ten interventions were group support. Interventions were manualised and primarily focused on changing children’s behaviour or increasing children’s general knowledge about misuse. Hart’s participation ladder was used to assess children’s degree of participation and influence in both intervention and research setting. Results indicated that children had low to mediocre degrees of participation. An implication for the future is that support groups showed positive effects on children’s attitudes towards misuse by increased knowledge about parental substance misuse. There is still a need for more intervention studies before it is possible to identify the best types of support for children affected by parental substance misuse. / Barn som växer upp med en eller båda föräldrar med missbruk har en ökad risk för att fara illa. Denna studie syftade till att sammanställa tillgänglig kunskap om interventioner riktade mot barn med målet att stödja barn som växer upp i miljöer där vuxna har ett missbruk samt att analysera barns delaktighet och påverkan i interventioner. Metoden som användes var en systematiskt genomförd scoping review. Trots omfattande litteratursökningar bedömdes endast tio effektutvärderingar som relevanta för inklusion. Studierna hade låg geografisk spridning vilket visade på avsaknaden av effektutvärderingar, bland annat inom skandinavisk forskning. Resultatet visade att nio av tio interventioner var gruppstöd. Interventionerna var manualbaserade och fokuserade på att förändra barns beteende eller öka barns generella kunskap om missbruk. Harts delaktighetstrappa användes för att undersöka barns delaktighet och påverkan i interventioner och forskning. Resultatet indikerade att barn hade låg- till medelgrad av delaktighet. Ett fynd för framtiden är att stödgrupper visade på positiva effekter på barns attityd till missbruk genom ökad kunskap om vuxnas missbruk. Det finns fortsatt ett stort behov av att genomföra fler effektutvärderingar innan det är möjligt att konstatera vilken eller vilka interventioner för barn som fungerar bäst.

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