Thesis (LLM)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South African administrative law has undergone drastic changes since the inception of the interim Constitution, which elevated 'administrative justice' to a constitutionally entrenched fundamental right in section 24. Although the successor of this section, the 'must administrative action' clause in section 33 FC, did not enter into force on 5 February 1996 with the rest of the Constitution, it required more changes to administrative law in the form of legislation, when read together with item 23 Schedule 6 FC. The two most significant factors that brought about change were the passage of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000 in terms of section 33 FC read with item 23 Schedule 6, and the ruling of the Constitutional Court in the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers case. This study shows that in order to give effect to the requirements of the Constitution, the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act and the ruling of the Constitutional Court, administrative law must be reorganised. When this happens, section 33 FC, which gives force to the common law that informs administrative law, becomes the starting point in administrative law matters. Although the Act exists under the Constitution and parallel to the common law, Parliament foresees that the Act and the common law will in time become one system of law. It further provides for the direct application of the Constitution by those who cannot find a remedy in the Act. The study further shows that, as not all the common law constitutional principles that previously provided the common law grounds for review of administrative action have been taken up by the Constitution, the possibility exists that some of the common law grounds do not continue to be relevant to the review of administrative action. The Act, which articulates the right to 'just administrative action' as viewed by government, contains most of the common law grounds for review. It is therefore argued that, after the Act has entered into force, the continued relevance of those that have been omitted from the Act, needs to be determined before they can be used through the direct application of section 33 FC. To test for relevance, the requirements in section 33(1) Fe, 'lawfulness', reasonableness' and 'procedural fairness', are therefore interpreted in the study in order to determine which statutory grounds relate to each and which common law grounds have been omitted from the Act. The conclusion reached is that grounds available for the review of administrative action consist of the statutory grounds for review together with the omitted common law grounds that continue to be relevant to the judicial review of administrative action. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedert die inwerkingtreding van die interim Grondwet, wat 'administratiewe gerigtigheid' tot 'n grondwetlike reg verhef het in artikel 24, het die Suid-Afrikaanse administratiefreg drastiese veranderinge ondergaan. Al het die reg op 'n 'regverdige administratiewe optrede' in artikel33 FG nie op 5 Februarie 1996 in werking getree saam met die res van die Grondwet nie, het die klousule nog veranderinge, in die vorm van wetgewing, vereis. Die twee belangrikste faktore wat veranderinge to gevolg gehad het, was die aanneming van die Wet op die Bevordering van Administratiewe Geregtigheid, Wet 3 van 2000, en die beslissing van die Konstitusionele Hof in die Pharmaceutical Manufacturers-saak. Hierdie studie bevind dat die administratiefreg heringedeel sal moet word om effek te gee aan die vereistes van die Grondwet, die Wet op die Bevordering van Administratiewe Geregtigheid en die beslissing van die Konstitutionele Hof. As dit plaasvind, word artikel 33 FG, wat aan die gemenereg krag verleën, die beginpunt in administratiefregtelike aangeleenthede. Al bestaan die Wet onder die Grondwet en parallel tot die gemenereg, voorsien die regering dat die Wet en die gemenereg in die toekoms een stelsel word. Daar word verder voorsiening gemaak vir die direkte toegpassing van artikel33 deur persone wat nie 'n remedie in die Wet kan vind nie. Die studie bevind verder dat, omdat al die gemeenregtelike konstitusionele beginsels wat voorheen die gronde van hersiening verskaf het nie in die Grondwet opgeneem is nie, die moontlikheid bestaan dat sekere van die gemeenregtelike gronde nie relevant bly vir die hersiening van administratiewe handelinge nie. Die Wet, wat die reg op 'n '[r]egverdige administratiewe optrede' verwoord soos dit gesien word deur die regering, bevat meeste van die gemeenregtelike gronde van hersiening. Daarom word daar geargumenteer dat die voortgesette relevantheid van die gemeenregtelike gronde van hersiening wat uitgelaat is uit die Wet eers bepaal moet word voordat hulle gebruik kan word deur die direkte toepassing van artikel 33 nadat die Wet in werking getree het. Om te toets vir relevantheid, moet die vereistes in artikel 33 FG, 'regmatigheid', 'redelikheid' en 'prosedurele billikheid' geïnterpreteer word om te bepaal watter statutêre gronde onder elk klassifiseer en watter gemmenregtelike gronde uitgelaat is uit die Wet. Die gevolgtrekking is dat die gronde van hersiening beskikbaar vir die hersiening van administratiewe handelinge bestaan uit statutêre gronde van hersiening sowel as die weggelate gemeenregtelike gronde van hersiening wat relevant bly vir die judisiële hersiening van administratiewe handelinge.

Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) is rapidly becoming a most sought after research area due to the influence of recent supply chain disruptions on global economy. The thesis begins with a systematic literature review of the developments within the broad domain of SCRM over the past decade. Thematic and descriptive analysis supported with modern knowledge management techniques brings forward seven distinctive research gaps for future research in SCRM. Overlapping research findings from an industry perspective, coupled with SCRM research gaps from the systematic literature review has helped to define the research problem for this study. The thesis focuses on a holistic and systematic approach to modelling risks within supply chain and logistics networks. The systems thinking approach followed conceptualises the phenomenon of risk propagation utilising several recent case studies, workshop findings and focus studies. Risk propagation is multidimensional and propagates beyond goods, finance and information resource. It cascades into technology, human resource and socio-ecological dimensions. Three risk propagation zones are identified that build the fundamentals for modelling risk behaviour in terms of cost and delay. The development of a structured framework for SCRM, a holistic supply chain risk model and a quantitative research design for risk assessment are the major contributions of this research. The developed risk assessment platform has the ability to capture the fracture points and cascading impact within a supply chain and logistics network. A reputed aerospace and defence organisation in UK was used to test the experimental modelling set up for its viability and for bridging the gap between theory and practice. The combined statistical and simulation modelling approach provides a new perspective to assessing the complex behavioural performance of risks during multiple interactions within network.

This thesis evaluates the legacy/impact of the London 2012 Games for a non-hosting sub-region Leicestershire, principally through evaluations of four legacy-programmes (i.e. the Workplace Challenge, Get Set, Sport Makers, and Games Makers programmes), drawing conclusions about lessons learned from the Leicestershire 2012 legacy experience. The selection of Leicestershire as a non-hosting sub-region reflects the fact that little is known about the legacy/ impact of the Games in such contexts. The nature of Olympic legacy evaluation is considered as a complex, wide-ranging, and multi-staged process. This thesis thus focuses on two main areas: i) conducting a systematic review of the literature (covering the period 1996-2011) to explore and establish an understanding of the concepts of Olympic legacy , and evidenced legacy/impact of hosting the Olympics in previous Games; ii) assessing the extent to which the London 2012 Games had impacted on the changed legacy outcomes for Leicestershire through realist evaluations. Together with realist evaluations, analytic logic models and the assessment of additionality approaches are adopted in this study, focusing on the four legacy-programmes evaluations, wherein quantitative and/or qualitative methodology are utilised in order to identify the causal mechanisms that produced the anticipated/unanticipated effects in their specific contexts. This study is an empirical example of the application of the realist evaluation and assessment of additionality. It also produces an evidence base for policy analysis in order to inform stakeholders thinking regarding sustaining the legacy of the Games and any future major sporting events by identifying lessons learned for non-hosting contexts.

Bakgrund: Tidigare forskning redogör att patientens delaktighet har utvecklas genom årtionden, från ett paternalistiskt perspektiv till att patienten förväntas delta och fatta beslut. Patientens lagliga rätt till delaktighet styrks i Patientlagen och det är sjuksköterskans uppgift att skapa möjligheter för detta. En god vårdrelation krävs för att få kunskap och möjlighet till delaktighet. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa patienters upplever av delaktighet i hälso- och sjukvård. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie med beskrivande syntes för kvalitativa artiklar. Resultat: Patienters upplevelser av delaktighet i Hälso- och sjukvård redogörs i två teman: hinder för delaktighet och möjligheter för delaktighet. För att vara delaktig krävdes det att patienten får mera kunskap och information. Slutsatser: En god vårdrelation och informationsutbyte med sjuksköterska kan skapa goda förutsättningar för att göra patienten delaktig i sin vård och behandling. Patienten upplever dock att exempelvis vårdmiljön, vårdpersonalens attityder och sjukdomen inverkar på deras möjligheter för delaktighet. / Background: Previous research explains that the patient's participation has evolved through the decades, from a paternalistic approach to the patient expected to participate and make decisions. The patient's legal right to participation is evidenced in the Swedish Patient law (Patientlagen) and it is the nurses responsibility to create opportunities for this. A good care relationship is required to enable patients to get the knowledge and opportunity to participate. Aim: to describe patients' experience of participation in health care. Method: A descriptive systematic literaturestudy of synthesis of qualitative articles. Result: Patients experiences of participation in health care is described in two themes: the obstacles to participation and opportunities for participation. To participate, the patient needs to get more knowledge and information. Conclusion: A good relationship and exchange of information with the nurse can create favorable conditions to enable patient involvement in their care and treatment. The patients experience, however, that the care environment, care staff attitudes and the disease affects the patient's opportunities for participation.

Data quality is an important issue which has been addressed and recognised in research communities such as data warehousing, data mining and information systems. It has been agreed that poor data quality will impact the quality of results of analyses and that it will therefore impact on decisions made on the basis of these results. Empirical software engineering has neglected the issue of data quality to some extent. This fact poses the question of how researchers in empirical software engineering can trust their results without addressing the quality of the analysed data. One widely accepted definition for data quality describes it as `fitness for purpose', and the issue of poor data quality can be addressed by either introducing preventative measures or by applying means to cope with data quality issues. The research presented in this thesis addresses the latter with the special focus on noise handling. Three noise handling techniques, which utilise decision trees, are proposed for application to software engineering data sets. Each technique represents a noise handling approach: robust filtering, where training and test sets are the same; predictive filtering, where training and test sets are different; and filtering and polish, where noisy instances are corrected. The techniques were first evaluated in two different investigations by applying them to a large real world software engineering data set. In the first investigation the techniques' ability to improve predictive accuracy in differing noise levels was tested. All three techniques improved predictive accuracy in comparison to the do-nothing approach. The filtering and polish was the most successful technique in improving predictive accuracy. The second investigation utilising the large real world software engineering data set tested the techniques' ability to identify instances with implausible values. These instances were flagged for the purpose of evaluation before applying the three techniques. Robust filtering and predictive filtering decreased the number of instances with implausible values, but substantially decreased the size of the data set too. The filtering and polish technique actually increased the number of implausible values, but it did not reduce the size of the data set. Since the data set contained historical software project data, it was not possible to know the real extent of noise detected. This led to the production of simulated software engineering data sets, which were modelled on the real data set used in the previous evaluations to ensure domain specific characteristics. These simulated versions of the data set were then injected with noise, such that the real extent of the noise was known. After the noise injection the three noise handling techniques were applied to allow evaluation. This procedure of simulating software engineering data sets combined the incorporation of domain specific characteristics of the real world with the control over the simulated data. This is seen as a special strength of this evaluation approach. The results of the evaluation of the simulation showed that none of the techniques performed well. Robust filtering and filtering and polish performed very poorly, and based on the results of this evaluation they would not be recommended for the task of noise reduction. The predictive filtering technique was the best performing technique in this evaluation, but it did not perform significantly well either. An exhaustive systematic literature review has been carried out investigating to what extent the empirical software engineering community has considered data quality. The findings showed that the issue of data quality has been largely neglected by the empirical software engineering community. The work in this thesis highlights an important gap in empirical software engineering. It provided clarification and distinctions of the terms noise and outliers. Noise and outliers are overlapping, but they are fundamentally different. Since noise and outliers are often treated the same in noise handling techniques, a clarification of the two terms was necessary. To investigate the capabilities of noise handling techniques a single investigation was deemed as insufficient. The reasons for this are that the distinction between noise and outliers is not trivial, and that the investigated noise cleaning techniques are derived from traditional noise handling techniques where noise and outliers are combined. Therefore three investigations were undertaken to assess the effectiveness of the three presented noise handling techniques. Each investigation should be seen as a part of a multi-pronged approach. This thesis also highlights possible shortcomings of current automated noise handling techniques. The poor performance of the three techniques led to the conclusion that noise handling should be integrated into a data cleaning process where the input of domain knowledge and the replicability of the data cleaning process are ensured.

Thesis (MDram)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study examines the role and function of theatre critics and reviews in the industry at present. Characteristics of a good review are also examined and the role of the traditional review in the ‘new media’ is questioned. The ‘new media’ offer the public the opportunity to have access reviews to within a few hours of the first performance. This implies that theatre reviews become more newsworthy through their immediacy. “New media” have the added advantage that the content of reviews can be enhanced, and that the notorious space limitations of the ‘old media’ no longer impact on the copy volume. Within the modern media the style and content of reviews and opinions depend on the specific media form. In the ‘new media’ subjective personal opinions have become more prominent than well-grounded, ethically accountable journalism which used to be required in the older forms of media. The ‘new media’, on the other hand, present journalism with a whole new platform. If utilised in a controlled and dynamic manner, these new technological and electronic developments, can contribute enormously to the theatre review industry. In the concluding chapter a model is suggested according to the which the ‘new media’ can be used as a platform to maintain, develop and advance theatre – and specifically criticism – in South Africa. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die rol en funksie van die teaterresensent en die resensie in die hedendaagse bedryf. Die eienskappe van ’n goeie resensie word ook ondersoek en die gebruik van die tradisionele resensie in die “nuwe media” word bevraagteken. Die “nuwe media” bied ’n geleentheid om resensies aan die publiek beskikbaar te stel, enkele ure ná die eerste vertoning. Die implikasie van hierdie element is dat ’n teaterresensie dus nuuswaardig word in sy onmiddellikheid. “Nuwe media” het die voordeel dat inhoudsverryking in resensies kan plaasvind en dat die beperkings van die ou media nie meer geld met betrekking tot die lengte van die werk nie. Styl en inhoudsaspekte van resensies of opinies in die “nuwe media” is kwessies waar die vorme van die verskillende media wel ter sprake kom. Binne die “nuwe media” is die persoonlike, subjektiewe opinies meer pertinent as deurgrondelike joernalistiek wat eties verantwoordbaar moet wees en wat van die ou media-vorme verwag word. Die “nuwe media” bied andersins ’n hele nuwe platform vir joernalistiek, en indien hierdie nuwe tegnologiese en elektroniese verwikkelinge op ’n gekontroleerde en dinamiese wyse ingespan kan word, kan dat dit ’n enorme bydrae tot die resensiewese lewer. In die laaste hoofstuk word ’n model voorgestel wat die “nuwe media” as platform gebruik om die behoud, ontwikkeling en bevordering van teater, en spesifiek teaterkritiek in Suid-Afrika, te bewerkstellig.

published_or_final_version / abstract / Education / Master / Master of Education

published_or_final_version / abstract / Law / Master / Master of Philosophy

Bakgrund: Adjuvant cytostatikabehandling används vid bröstcancer efter att tumören tagits bort. Biverkningar kan uppstå då cytostatika påverkar alla kroppens celler. För att sjuksköterskan ska kunna ge en god omvårdnad krävs det att hon/han får ta del av patienters upplevelser vid adjuvant cytostatikabehandling. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av adjuvant cytostatikabehandling vid bröstcancer. Metod: En litteraturöversikt som baserades på 13 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats utfördes. Resultat: Resultatet utgjordes av tre huvudkategorier: uppleva en förändrad kropp, uppleva ett förändrat sinne och upplevd påverkan på det sociala livet. Det framkom att kvinnorna upplevde både fysiska och psykiska biverkningar och dessa hade en stor påverkan på deras sociala liv. Slutsats: I slutsatsen betonas vikten av sjuksköterskans stöd i form av information och omvårdnad. / Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy is used to treat breast cancer after the removal of the tumour. Side effects may occur since chemotherapy affects all of the body cells. The nurse should be able to provide good care, to do so it requires that she/he takes part of patients’ experiences of adjuvant chemotherapy. Aim: The aim was to describe women’s experiences of adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer Method: A literature review based on 13 scientific articles with qualitative approach was executed. Results: The result consisted of three main categories: experiencing a changed body, experiencing a changed mind and perceived impact on social life. It was revealed that women experienced both physical and psychological side effects and they had a great impact on their social life. Conclusion: The conclusion shows the importance of the nurse’s support in form of information and care.

Bakgrund: Bröstcancer är den vanligast förekommande tumörsjukdomen hos kvinnor och årligen drabbas 8000 personer i Sverige. Risken för återfall är störst de fem första åren, denna risk för återfall kan väcka en rädsla. Syfte: Att beskriva bröstcancerdrabbade kvinnors upplevelse av rädsla för återfall. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie. Den systematiska litteratursökningen resulterade i tio kvalitativa artiklar. Resultat: Rädsla för återfall var den mest förekommande känslan och den utlöstes främst vid förändringar i kontakten med sjukvården, uppkomsten av oförklarliga fysiska symtom och läkarbesök. Dock förekom det avsaknad av rädsla för återfall hos vissa. Det framkom även att användande av socialt stöd, distraktion och ett positivt synsätt var återkommande bemästringsstrategier för att hantera rädslan för återfall. Diskussion: Det är av stor vikt att sjuksköterskan informerar och motiverar kvinnan till utvecklande av egna bemästringsstrategier. Slutsats: Kunskapen kan och bör tillämpas av sjuksköterskestudenter och sjuksköterskor, för att minska frekvensen av rädsla för återfall hos personer med cancer. Området bör uppmärksammas för vidare forskning. / Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer disease among women and 8000 people is annually affected in Sweden. The risk of recurrence is the highest within the first five years. The risk can trigger a sense of fear. Aim: To describe how women with breast cancer experience fear of recurrence. Method: A literature review. The systematic literature search resulted in ten qualitative articles. Results: Fear of recurrence was the most frequent emotion and was primarily triggered by changes in contact with health care, the emergence of unexplainable physical symptoms and doctor appointments. Though, absence of fear of recurrence occurred among some women. Usage of social support, distraction and positive approach emerged to be the most common coping strategies to deal with fear of recurrence. Discussion: It’s significant that the nurse informs and motivates women to the development of their own coping strategies. Conclusion: The knowledge can and ought to be practiced by nursing students and nurses, to reduce the frequency of fear of recurrence among people with cancer. This field ought to be noticed for further research.