The scholarly consensus on the political foundations of independent constitutional review – that it invariably stems from electoral and inter-branch competition – has been weakened by recent empirical discoveries which demonstrated that constitutional courts in a number of authoritarian states are actually more activist than previously assumed. This dissertation examines this phenomenon using the case of Hong Kong, an authoritarian polity first under the sovereignty of Britain and then of China. It is widely believed that the competence of the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal – a cosmopolitan common law final appellate court – to strike down legislative and executive acts, and its ability to induce the regime’s compliance with its rulings, is intrinsic to the Basic Law, just as it is in liberal democracies. Nevertheless, two interrelated anomalous phenomena – the Court’s repeated issuance of activist rulings with near-complete impunity, and the continuing forbearance of China’s foremost constitutional authority, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), faced with the Court’s aggressive assertions – necessitates careful explanation. This dissertation proposes an explanatory Constitutional Investment Theory, which highlights the similarities between “investment” in constitutional review and investment in financial assets, to explain the activation, consolidation, and ascendancy of independent constitutional review in authoritarian settings. It shows how strong incentives to signal its ideological commitment to the “One Country, Two Systems” scheme, both internationally and domestically, first drove the NPCSC to acquiesce in the Court’s self-aggrandisement; how internal divisions within and external opposition to the Hong Kong regime have rendered retaliation a costly option; and how the Court’s strategic resolution of the Basic Law’s ambiguities has encouraged continuous political investment in its jurisdiction and autonomy. Altogether, these have contributed to the formation of a dynamic equilibrium of constitution control, under which the Court and the NPCSC dynamically developed their own jurisprudence within their respective bailiwicks.

Companies operating in the wood processing industry need to increase their productivity by implementing automation technologies in their production systems. An increasing global competition and rising raw material prizes challenge their competitiveness. Yet, too extensive automation brings risks such as a deterioration in situation awareness and operator deskilling. The concept of Levels of Automation is generally seen as means to achieve a balanced task allocation between the operators’ skills and competences and the need for automation technology relieving the humans from repetitive or hazardous work activities. The aim of this thesis was to examine to what extent existing methods for assessing Levels of Automation in production processes are applicable in the wood processing industry when focusing on an improved competitiveness of production systems. This was done by answering the following research questions (RQ): RQ1: What method is most appropriate to be applied with measuring Levels of Automation in the wood processing industry? RQ2: How can the measurement of Levels of Automation contribute to an improved competitiveness of the wood processing industry’s production processes? Literature reviews were used to identify the main characteristics of the wood processing industry affecting its automation potential and appropriate assessment methods for Levels of Automation in order to answer RQ1. When selecting the most suitable method, factors like the relevance to the target industry, application complexity or operational level the method is penetrating were important. The DYNAMO++ method, which covers both a rather quantitative technical-physical and a more qualitative social-cognitive dimension, was seen as most appropriate when taking into account these factors. To answer RQ 2, a case study was undertaken at a major Swedish manufacturer of interior wood products to point out paths how the measurement of Levels of Automation contributes to an improved competitiveness of the wood processing industry. The focus was on the task level on shop floor and concrete improvement suggestions were elaborated after applying the measurement method for Levels of Automation. Main aspects considered for generalization were enhancements regarding ergonomics in process design and cognitive support tools for shop-floor personnel through task standardization. Furthermore, difficulties regarding the automation of grading and sorting processes due to the heterogeneous material properties of wood argue for a suitable arrangement of human intervention options in terms of work task allocation.  The application of a modified version of DYNAMO++ reveals its pros and cons during a case study which covers a high operator involvement in the improvement process and the distinct predisposition of DYNAMO++ to be applied in an assembly system.

Bakgrund: 35,6 miljoner människor lever med en demenssjukdom i världen. Denna siffra beräknas vara fördubblad år 2030 och vara tredubblad år 2050. Majoriteten av personerna med demenssjukdom (PMD) har anhöriga i form av exempelvis makar eller vuxna barn. Att leva med demenssjukdom medför intellektuella svårigheter som till exempel oro, frustration, minnesproblematik och depression något som påverkar kommunikationen med vårdpersonalen. Syfte: Att beskriva upplevelser av att vara anhörig till en PMD som bor på ett äldreboende samt att beskriva de ingående artiklarna utifrån den metodologiska aspekten undersökningsgrupp. Metod: Litteraturstudie med deskriptiv design baserat på 10 kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar från sökmotorerna PubMed och Cinahl. Artiklarna bearbetades individuellt av författarna till den föreliggande litteraturstudien och i analysen av dessa framkom fyra huvudsakliga teman som kom att utgöra grunden för resultatet. Huvudresultat: Resultatet visade att anhöriga till en PMD ofta upplevde känslor av förlust och skuld. De hade även svårt att lita på omvårdnadspersonalen samt att de upplevde svårigheter med att ta beslut åt sin PMD. I majoriteten av artiklarna i den föreliggande litteraturstudiens resultat var deltagarna kvinnor. I vissa av artiklarna så fanns en jämnare könsfördelning. Större delen av deltagarna i artiklarna var makar eller vuxna barn till PMD men även syskon samt barnbarn fanns bland deltagarna. Medelåldern på samtliga deltagare varierade mellan 54-73 år. Slutsatser: Anhöriga till en PMD upplever svåra känslor som ensamhet, förlorad kärlek, sorg och skuld. De har även svårt att lita på omvårdnadspersonalen och kämpar med att rättfärdiga de beslut de tar åt sin PMD. Därför är det viktigt att som sjuksköterska ha en insikt i vad de anhöriga upplever för att på så sätt kunna bemöta och stötta dem. Detta främjar även vården av PMD eftersom att de anhöriga kan bidra med information om vad PMD behöver för vård. / Background: 35,6 million people lives with a dementia disease in the world. This number is set to be doubled by 2030 and tripled by 2050. The majority of the people with dementia (PWD) have relatives in the form of, for example, spouses and adult children. To live with a dementia disease involves intellectual difficulties such as anxiety, frustration, loss of memory and depression which effects the communication with the nursing staff. Aim: To describe the experiences of being a relative of a PWD who lives in a nursing home for PWD and to describe the included articles from the methodological point of view study group. Method: Literature review with a descriptive design based on 10 qualitative scientific articles from the search engines PubMed and Cinahl. The articles were individually processed by the authors of this literature review and during the analysis, four main themes where identified. These themes later became the basis of the result. Main findings: The result showed that relatives to a PWD often experiences feelings of loss and guilt. They also had difficulties in trusting the nursing staff and in making decisions for their PWD. In the majority of the articles in this literature review the participants were women. In some of the articles the was a more even gender variety. Most of the participants in the articles were spouses of adult children to PWD although there were also siblings and grandchildren amongst the participants. The middle age of the participants varied between 54-73 years. Conclusion: Relatives of a PWD often experience tough feelings such as loneliness, lost love, sorrow and guilt. They also have a hard time trusting the nursing staff and struggle to justify the decisions they make for their PWD. It is important for the nurse to have some insight in regards to what the relatives experience in order to meet and support them. This enhances the care of the PWD since the relatives can contribute with information regarding what care the PWD needs.

Rezension zu O śląska nutę von Mateusz Płomieński, erschienen 1997 im Verlag Musica Iagellonica Kraków

Rezension des Werkes F. Mendel'son-Bartol'di i tradicii muzykal'nogo professionalizma, hrsg. von Grigorii I. Ganzburg, erschienen 1995 in Charkov

No description available.

Rezension zu Werken zur Musik und Musikgeschichte der Slowakei

Rezension zum 1997 erschienen Werk von Róbert Árpád Murányi zu Kompositionen in den Franziskaner Handschriften

Rezension zum 1998 erschienen Werk über den serbischen Komponisten Miloje Milojević

Background: Patients with mental illness is commonly present in physical healthcare for either mental illness or both mental illness and physical illness. Earlier research shows that patients feel aggrieved and discriminated against by healthcare professionals in physical healthcare due to mental illness. Patient experience that they do not receive good care, increasing the suffering. Aim: The aim was to describe nurses' experiences of caring for patients with mental illness in physical healthcare. Method: Systematic literature review with a descriptive synthesis according to Evans (2002), where 14 qualitative research articles where analyzed with an inductive approach. Result: The nurses experienced patients with mental illness as a danger and as not being their responsibility. They could not meet the patients' needs and experienced a lack of knowledge to care for them. They were sceptical about these patients and described negative attitudes and prejudices against them, and that the physical healthcare environment was not suitable for those patients. Conclusion: Nurses need skills in psychiatric nursing and a broader introduction into the basic psychiatric care. These skills are necessary to provide quality care that protects patients’ privacy and dignity and reduces the stigma of patients with mental illness.