Esta tese tem como finalidade propor um método de coleta, tratamento e análise de dados de acidentes de trânsito para aplicação no Brasil. Este método tem como um de seus objetivos reconhecer os fatores que contribuem para a ocorrência dos acidentes, visto que identificar as causas dos acidentes é fundamental na busca por soluções para o problema da acidentalidade. No Brasil as bases de dados de acidentes de trânsito são, em geral, estruturadas a partir dos registros policiais e carecem de informações adequadas para a análise da segurança viária. O método proposto neste trabalho permite registrar acidentes de modo a contemplar: as características do acidente, as circunstâncias do momento, a identificação e as características dos veículos e pessoas envolvidas. Além disso, o método permite relacionar essas informações com os fatores que contribuíram para a ocorrência dos acidentes. Nesse contexto, a criação de uma base de dados de acidentes e seus fatores contribuintes, vem suprir a carência de informações essenciais para o diagnóstico e encaminhamento de soluções adequadas para os problemas motivadores dos acidentes de trânsito. A proposta desta tese está baseada em uma abordagem que combina aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos, alinhada às melhores práticas internacionais na área de segurança viária. Como resultado do desenvolvimento do método, foram elaborados instrumentos de coleta de dados contendo um formulário, um manual e procedimentos para a coleta de dados. Como resultado da aplicação prática desses instrumentos, foi criada a estrutura de uma base de dados que permitiu a definição do método proposto para a análise das causas de acidentes de trânsito. Como meio de validar o método proposto, foi realizado um estudo aplicado e são apresentadas as análises de dados dos acidentes de trânsito observados. / This thesis has the purpose of presenting a method for collecting and processing data on traffic accidents to be applied in Brazil. This method aims to acknowledge the contributor factors for the occurrence of accidents, since identifying the causes of accidents is crucial on the search for effective solutions for the road safety problem. Traffic accidents database in Brazil are generally structured based on police reports, therefore lacking adequate information for the analyses of road safety. The method proposes a registry of the accidents comprising accident characteristics, scene circumstances, vehicle as well as involved people identification and characteristics. Moreover, it allows relating that information with the accident contributory factors. In this scenery, the creation of an accident database and its contributory factors emerge to supply the lack of essential information for the diagnosis and adequate solution for traffic accidents. This thesis’ proposal has an approach that combines both quantitative and qualitative aspects, seeking to level up to the best international practice on the road safety area. As a result of the development of the method, data collection instruments were elaborated: a form, a manual, and procedures for data collection. Besides, as a result of the practical application of these instruments, a database - which allowed the definition of the method proposed for analysis of the causes of traffic accidents - was created. As a mean of validation of the method, an applied study and the data analysis of the observed traffic accidents are presented.

Esta tese tem como finalidade propor um método de coleta, tratamento e análise de dados de acidentes de trânsito para aplicação no Brasil. Este método tem como um de seus objetivos reconhecer os fatores que contribuem para a ocorrência dos acidentes, visto que identificar as causas dos acidentes é fundamental na busca por soluções para o problema da acidentalidade. No Brasil as bases de dados de acidentes de trânsito são, em geral, estruturadas a partir dos registros policiais e carecem de informações adequadas para a análise da segurança viária. O método proposto neste trabalho permite registrar acidentes de modo a contemplar: as características do acidente, as circunstâncias do momento, a identificação e as características dos veículos e pessoas envolvidas. Além disso, o método permite relacionar essas informações com os fatores que contribuíram para a ocorrência dos acidentes. Nesse contexto, a criação de uma base de dados de acidentes e seus fatores contribuintes, vem suprir a carência de informações essenciais para o diagnóstico e encaminhamento de soluções adequadas para os problemas motivadores dos acidentes de trânsito. A proposta desta tese está baseada em uma abordagem que combina aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos, alinhada às melhores práticas internacionais na área de segurança viária. Como resultado do desenvolvimento do método, foram elaborados instrumentos de coleta de dados contendo um formulário, um manual e procedimentos para a coleta de dados. Como resultado da aplicação prática desses instrumentos, foi criada a estrutura de uma base de dados que permitiu a definição do método proposto para a análise das causas de acidentes de trânsito. Como meio de validar o método proposto, foi realizado um estudo aplicado e são apresentadas as análises de dados dos acidentes de trânsito observados. / This thesis has the purpose of presenting a method for collecting and processing data on traffic accidents to be applied in Brazil. This method aims to acknowledge the contributor factors for the occurrence of accidents, since identifying the causes of accidents is crucial on the search for effective solutions for the road safety problem. Traffic accidents database in Brazil are generally structured based on police reports, therefore lacking adequate information for the analyses of road safety. The method proposes a registry of the accidents comprising accident characteristics, scene circumstances, vehicle as well as involved people identification and characteristics. Moreover, it allows relating that information with the accident contributory factors. In this scenery, the creation of an accident database and its contributory factors emerge to supply the lack of essential information for the diagnosis and adequate solution for traffic accidents. This thesis’ proposal has an approach that combines both quantitative and qualitative aspects, seeking to level up to the best international practice on the road safety area. As a result of the development of the method, data collection instruments were elaborated: a form, a manual, and procedures for data collection. Besides, as a result of the practical application of these instruments, a database - which allowed the definition of the method proposed for analysis of the causes of traffic accidents - was created. As a mean of validation of the method, an applied study and the data analysis of the observed traffic accidents are presented.

Muito embora a micro e a macrotextura dos pavimentos sejam importantes para o tráfego seguro, principalmente em condição de pista molhada e com velocidades superiores a 50 km/h, nos locais de acidentes de trânsito no Brasil esses parâmetros não são avaliados quando das perícias técnicas. Assim, o objetivo principal desta tese é estabelecer critérios de avaliação de pavimentos asfálticos que possam integrar um protocolo para a perícia técnica em locais de acidentes de trânsito. Foi baseada em coleta de dados de micro e de macrotextura dos revestimentos asfálticos em três rodovias no Estado do Paraná, num total de 106 locais, e em quatro vias urbanas na cidade de Londrina-PR, num total de 148 locais, todas com velocidades permitidas iguais ou superiores a 50 km/h, especificamente em trechos onde ocorreram acidentes de trânsito, o que permitiu a determinação da aderência na interface pneu/pavimento, se os valores encontram-se dentro das faixas de aceitabilidade do DNIT, da ANTT e da ARTESP e se houve efetiva contribuição do pavimento para a ocorrência e para a severidade dos acidentes. Dos 106 acidentes rodoviários analisados, em 19 deles as alturas médias de mancha de areia, parâmetro empregado para avaliar a macrotextura, apresentaram-se com valor inferior ao mínimo recomendado (0,60 mm), enquanto que dos 148 acidentes ocorridos em vias urbanas, 22 ocorreram em trechos com alturas médias de mancha de areia também inferiores ao valor mínimo recomendado. Nesses casos também foram realizados ensaios de microtextura, com uso do pêndulo britânico, e posteriormente foram calculados os valores do Índice de Atrito Pneu-Pavimento Internacional (International Friction Index, IFI). Os resultados e as análises deste trabalho indicam que uma melhor condição de macrotextura pode reduzir entre 6% e 19% as energias cinéticas envolvidas nos acidentes em rodovias e de 3% a 11% em vias urbanas, com real possibilidade de redução tanto das avarias produzidas nos veículos quanto, principalmente, das lesões nas vítimas. Dada a importância da micro e da macrotextura, recomenda-se que o protocolo de avaliação de pavimentos para perícias técnicas em locais de acidentes de trânsito em rodovias e em vias urbanas estabeleça a realização dos ensaios de Pêndulo Britânico e de Mancha de Areia em até 24 horas após o evento e que a área a ser levantada contemple toda a extensão das marcas de frenagem dos veículos envolvidos ou, no caso de inexistência de marcas, que compreenda uma extensão de 10 a 70 metros, respectivamente para vias com velocidade máxima permitida de 40 km/h e de 120 km/h. Espera-se, complementarmente, que um protocolo com critérios simples e objetivos, como o desenvolvido neste trabalho, permita a adoção de políticas públicas preventivas, de maior alcance e periodicidade, com as avaliações não somente nos trechos onde ocorrem acidentes, mas ao longo das vias. / Although the micro and macro textures of pavements are important factors for safe driving, especially on wet tracks and with speeds above 50 km/h, such parameters are not even evaluated during technical inspections in traffic accident sites in Brazil. Thus, the main purpose of this thesis is to establish criteria for the evaluation of asphalt pavements that may become integral part of a protocol for technical inspection in traffic accident sites. This work is based on the collection of data concerning the micro and macro texture of asphalt pavements on three roads in the State of Paraná, totaling 106 locations, and on four urban streets in the city of Londrina, State of Paraná, totaling 148 locations. All such locations have a speed limit of equal to or higher than 50 km/h, especially on the sites where traffic accidents occurred, which allowed for the determination of the tire/pavement adherence, and whether the values found were in accordance with the acceptable levels established by DNIT, ANTT and ARTESP, and whether there was effective contribution on the part of the pavement for the occurrence as well as the severity of the accidents. Out of the 106 road accidents that were analyzed, it was observed that in 19 of them the average heights of the sand spot, a parameter used to evaluate the macro-texture, were lower than the minimum value recommended (0,60 mm), while out of the 148 accidents taken place in urban streets, 22 took place in areas where the average heights of the sand spot were also lower than the recommended minimum value. In the case of the accidents that occurred in places where the heights of the sand spots were lower than the minimum recommended, micro texture essays were also carried out by use of the British Pendulum Tester, and later the values of the International Friction Index (IFI) were calculated. The results and the analyzes of this work indicated that a better condition in the macro texture would reduce the kinetic energies involved in road accidents between 6% and 19%, and from 3% to 11% on urban streets, with the real possibility of minimizing both damages caused to the vehicles and especially the lesions on the victims. Given the importance of micro and macro textures, it is recommended that the protocol for the evaluation of pavements for the purpose of technical inspection in traffic accident sites both on roads and urban streets require the carrying out of the British Pendulum Tester and the Sand Spot within 24 hours of the time of the accident and that the area to be tested should include the entire extension of the braking skid marks of the vehicles involved in the accident, or, in the case of inexistence of such marks, covering 10 to 70 meters, respectively, for locations where the permitted maximum speed is 40 km/h, and for locations where the permitted maximum speed is 120 km/h. It is additionally expected that a protocol having simple yet objective criteria, such as the ones developed in this work, will allow for the adoption of preventive public policies, having greater scope and periodical applications, not only on sites where accidents take place, but also on the entirety of roads and streets.

Submitted by Lucas Pinto (lvspinto@gmail.com) on 2018-06-14T18:47:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis_Lucas_Pinto.pdf: 574830 bytes, checksum: ecb43b867c2cf85709e8ddedbf9ac172 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Katia Menezes de Souza (katia.menezes@fgv.br) on 2018-06-14T18:51:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis_Lucas_Pinto.pdf: 574830 bytes, checksum: ecb43b867c2cf85709e8ddedbf9ac172 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Isabele Garcia (isabele.garcia@fgv.br) on 2018-06-15T18:13:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis_Lucas_Pinto.pdf: 574830 bytes, checksum: ecb43b867c2cf85709e8ddedbf9ac172 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-15T18:13:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis_Lucas_Pinto.pdf: 574830 bytes, checksum: ecb43b867c2cf85709e8ddedbf9ac172 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-15 / Ao tirarmos proveito das diferentes datas de lançamento de plataformas de compartilhamento de veículos particulares, pudemos investigar o efeitos destas na segurança do trânsito, mensurada pelo número de acidentes reportados na popular plataforma de navegação Waze. Não encontramos efeito conclusivo no número total de acidentes. No entanto, encontramos um heterogeneidade substancial em função do dia da semana analisado, com uma redução significativa no número de acidentes aos domingos. Dividindo os dias em períodos, encontramos efeitos ainda mais heterogêneos, com reduções significativas tanto aos sábados como aos domingos pela noite. Ao contrário de nossa espectativa, encontramos efeitos mais fortes no curto prazo (primeiros dois meses) do que no longo prazo (mais de dois meses). Estes resultados sugerem que aplicativos de compartilhamento de veículos particulares têm um impacto relevante na redução do número de acidentes de trânsito, especialmente aos finais de semana a noite, o que corrobora com a popular hipótese de que tais plataformas reduzem o número de motoristas alcoolizados. Os resultados também indicam que há outros canais (além da diminuição do número de motoristas alcoolizados) pelos quais os aplicativos levam a uma redução no número de acidentes. / By taking advantage of the timing in the expansion of car sharing platforms in Brazil, we investigated their impact on road safety, measured as user-reported car accidents on the popular navigation platform Waze. We found no conclusive effect on the overall number of accidents. However, we found substantial heterogeneity depending on the weekday and a significant reduction on the number of accident on Sundays. Dividing the days into periods showed further heterogeneity, with a significant reduction on the number of accidents both on Saturday and Sunday nights. Contrary to our expectations we found a stronger effect on the short run (first two months) rather than in the long run (more then two months). This findings suggest that car sharing apps have a relevant impact in reducing the number of car accidents, specially at weekend nights, which corroborates to the popular hypotheses that such platforms help curb drunk driving. The results also indicate that there are more channels in play leading to the reduction of car accidents other than restricting drunk driving.

The theme of this master’s thesis is The Issue of the Competence of Drivers of Motor Vehicles to Drive on the Roads of the Czech Republic. It includes an analysis of the current state legislative requirements for obtaining professional qualifications of drivers, health qualification and improves their professional competence for the purposes of professional competence and analysis of selected specific road safety. In light of the findings was performed the analysis of traffic accidents in the Czech Republic. Based on the analysis of traffic accidents was the practical part of a questionnaire survey and proposals aimed at improving safety on the roads.

There has been a good effort made in Abu Dhabi for the last couple of years between government stakeholders to develop a road safety strategy, define rules and responsibilities, and gain a fully coordinated and integrated framework to deal with road safety. According to my point of view, the challenges that might be seen as a problem for the future development of Abu Dhabi can be the management and the usage of traffic safety technologies to reduce serious road traffic accidents. This study focused on the relationship between the use of traffic safety technologies and serious road traffic accidents on Abu Dhabi Highways. The motivation for this research is to implement correctly the traffic safety technologies in Abu Dhabi highways as a part of the need to adopt plans, programmes, and preventive measures to reduce or prevent the occurrence of traffic accidents in order to ensure the safety of individuals and property, in addition to preserving the security of the state and its human and economic components. The overall approach to this study is a mixed methodology, which combines quantitative and qualitative methods. A questionnaire is one method used in this regard, and is designed to be quantitative. In the quantitative method, comparing statistics of fatalities and injuries before and after installation of the speed cameras is used. As a result of this study and by making the connectivity between reviewing the results and findings of the literature review, identifying the questionnaire results, and exploring the before and after statistics led to findings which were used to develop a decision support framework that can be used to advise the regional safety strategy to be sustainable. The design framework was also validated through Abu Dhabi highways by a panel of experts, which was carried out using the focus group method, which was qualitative in nature. It is recommended from this research to invest much in traffic safety technologies, focus more on driver support systems and rapid response systems, improve driver behaviour as a priority in Abu Dhabi highways using traffic safety technologies, and integrate the compatibility of all of the above through an integrated system and specific performance indicators that are measured and followed up on an ongoing basis, and supported by geographic information systems (GIS).

Constructing a road is a complex process that may be represented as a series of correlated steps, from the planning to the construction and usage of the new road. At the heart of this process, the preliminary and detailed design stages are key elements that will ensure the quality and the adequacy of the final solution regarding the constraints and objectives of the project. In particular, infrastructure layout and design will have a strong impact on the global performances of the road in operational conditions. Among them, road safety, mobility, environment preservation, noise pollution limitation, economic feasibility and viability of the project, or even its socio-economic impact at the local level. Consequently, it is crucial to offer engineers and road planners some tools and methods that may assist them in designing and selecting the most efficient solutions considering the distinctive features of each design problem. In this work, a multicriteria analysis methodology is developed to carry out an integrated and preventive assessment of road projects at the design stage by considering both their safety performances and some economic and environmental aspects. Its purpose is to support design engineers in the analysis of their projects and the identification of innovative, consistent and effective solutions. The proposed methodology is composed of two main research frameworks. On the one hand, the road design problem is addressed by focusing successively on the structuring of the multicriteria problem, the identification of the approximate set of non-dominated solutions using a genetic algorithm (based on NSGA-II), and the application of the methodology to a real road design project. On the other hand, the methodological development of a multicriteria interval clustering model was performed (based on PROMETHEE). Due to the applicability of this model to the studied problem, the interactions between the two frameworks are also analysed. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie / The present PhD thesis is an aggregation of published contributions related to the application of multicriteria analysis to the evaluation of road projects at the design stage. The aim of the two introductory chapters is to offer a synthesised and critical presentation of the scientific contributions that constitute the PhD thesis. The complete version of the journal articles and preprints are found in Chapters 3 to 6. In the appendices, we also provide reprints of conference papers that are usually related to one of the main contributions of the thesis. / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The diploma thesis focuses on a road safety inspection of selected intersections in Olomouc Region. The first step of the diploma thesis was to select 20 intersections, then each one was subjected to accident analysis. The intersections were compared by accident indicators, which were the basis of selection 11 intersections for visual inspection purposes. Based on visual inspections, the selection was further reduced to 4 intersections in Olomouc Region, which were subjected to detailed road safety inspection, then the potential risks influencing the origins of accident were identified and corrective measures were proposed in order to remove or eliminate the intersections problems.

The Diploma Thesis is focused on the analysis of a traffic situation in the territory of the town of Hranice. The work is based on information about the level of automativity, accident rate and own analysis and measurements. Based on the detected facts, 3 problem sites were indentified, which were subjected to a road safety inspection. Possible risks that could lead to a traffic accident were identified. For each risk, a measure have been proposed to improve road safety or to eliminate the risk completely.

This diploma thesis focuses on the traffic situation in the town of Litovel in the Olomouc Region. Analysis of transport modes, especially road transport, cycling transport, parking and a proposal of their optimization, is the content of this thesis. The first part of the thesis describes the current traffic situation in the town of Litovel, the determination of traffic load according to the Nationwide Traffic Census and the degree of automation as per public databases operated by authorities of the state administration of the Czech Republic. Furthermore, the thesis deals with localities of frequent accident rates, the determination of their risks leading to traffic accidents, and it proposes measures to improve the comfort and safety of road users. In the chapters devoted to parking in various areas of the town, divided according to their functional use, the deficiencies of parking spots are discovered and subsequently their optimal solutions are elaborated. The last part of this thesis deals with cycle routes in the town, it searches for specific places with imperfections and the concept of their solution.