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The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify the perceptions African American female principals hold regarding the challenges and opportunities they experienced when seeking and holding administrative positions in a K-12 public school setting. The interview protocol contained open-ended questions and was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with six participants. Findings indicated that when seeking the principalship, African American women inspired to become principals, obtained the required credentials through district-sponsored cohorts and university programs, were knowledgeable of the required skills, felt mentors and networking were most helpful in obtaining a principalship, and noted that as they served as principals, they took advantage of opportunities to serve their school community. They reported that as they sought and served as principals, stereotypes about African American women were unique challenges and their experiences, opportunities, and challenges were different than those of their peers. Implications from the study indicate school district leaders can encourage African American women to pursue the principalship by promoting positive relationships with other administrators and supervisors, developing mentorships, and promoting district-sponsored programs. District leaders must also maintain awareness and combat the stereotypes faced by African American women as they seek and hold administrative positions. / Doctor of Education / The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify the perceptions African American female principals hold regarding the challenges and opportunities they experienced when seeking and holding administrative positions in a K-12 public school setting. The target population was six African American female principals serving in elementary, middle, and high school settings with differing levels of administrative experience, diversity, and socioeconomic status. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the purpose of uncovering and capturing the perspectives of African American female principals as they seek and serve in the principalship. The analysis of participants' experiences provides a lens district leaders can use to recognize the opportunities of African American female leadership and to address and dismantle the challenges African American female leaders face as they seek and serve in the principalship. Results of the data analysis showed the African American female principals perceived that district-sponsored licensure cohort programs and mentorships were the most helpful in obtaining a principalship and they took advantage of the opportunities as they served in the principalship. Negative stereotypes about African American women were a challenge and they perceived there were differences in seeking and holding the principalship in comparison to their peers. Findings from this study indicate more research is needed on the perspectives of African American female principals as they seek and serve in the principalship in K-12 public schools.

Background: The current study examines the association of perceived racial and social class discrimination with cannabis involvement among Black youth and young adults. Methods: This secondary analysis used data from the Missouri Family Study (MOFAM), a high-risk longitudinal family study of alcohol use disorder, oversampled for Black families. Offspring (n = 806) and their mothers were interviewed by telephone. Cox proportional hazards regression analyzes were used to examine associations of racial and social class discrimination (experienced by offspring and their mothers) with offspring cannabis involvement. Two stages of cannabis involvement were analyzed: timing of 1) initiation and 2) transition from initiation to first cannabis use disorder (CUD) symptom. Results: The study found that offspring report of experiencing racial (HR: 1.28, CI: 1.01–1.62) and social class discrimination (HR: 1.45, CI: 1.14–1.84) were associated with cannabis initiation in our fully adjusted model. Mothers’ report of discrimination predicted a lower hazard of cannabis initiation among offspring (HR: 0.79, CI: 0.64–0.98). Offspring social class discrimination (HR: 2.45, CI: 1.71–3.51) predicted an increased hazard of transition from initiation to first CUD symptom, while offspring racial discrimination (HR: 0.57, CI: 0.39–0.85) was associated with lower hazard of transition in our fully adjusted model. Conclusions: As rates for cannabis use among Black youth are disproportionately rising, there is a critical need to identify pathways to its use among Black youth. These findings suggest racial and social class discrimination may be important targets in efforts to prevent cannabis involvement among Black youth and emerging adults.

To determine whether or not systematic desensitization treatment would produce a significant reduction in negative affect evoked by racial discrimination, 60 Mexican-American college students who scored above average on the Terrell Racial Discrimination Index were selected and assigned randomly to one of three treatment conditions: systematic desensitization (DS), therapist contact (TC), and no-treatment control (NTC). Before undergoing treatment, subjects completed the Background Information Questionnaire (BIQ), and three measures of negative affect: the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (MAACL); the Profile of Mood States (POMS); and the Treatment Rating Scales (TRS). After concluding treatment, subjects completed the three measures of negative affect only. Results were nonsignificant with respect to two of the affect measures—the POMS and the MAACL. However, significant differentia1 treatment effects were observed for the TRS measure. Relative to the TC and NTC conditions, subjects in the DS condition evidenced significantly less anger, depression, and anxiety. No other group differences attained the level of statistical significance (p < .05). Several explanations are offered for the negative findings of the MAACL and POMS. These explanations include the possibility that the measures themselves are insensitive to treatment effects. Nevertheless, due to the significant findings of the TRS, it is concluded that systematic desensitization proves effective in alleviating the negative emotional responses of Mexican Americans to racial discrimination. The implications of these findings are discussed.

This study investigated the level of trust of whites and self-esteem as a function of reported exposure to racial discrimination. It was hypothesized that participants reporting high levels of racial discrimination would be less trusting of whites and have lower self concepts than those reporting low levels of exposure to racism. A total of 84 undergraduates were administered three measures designed to assess the amount of exposure to racial discrimination, self-esteem and cultural mistrust. No relationship was found between extent of exposure to racial discrimination and level of self concept. However, mistrust of whites among blacks was found to be related to frequency of exposure to racial discrimination.

L’étude sociologique des inégalités sociales dans l’enseignement supérieur a été principalement développée à partir de catégories classiques comme celle de « classe sociale ». L’étude de l’enseignement supérieur à partir d’une approche « ethno-raciale » est toujours inédite, en France comme en Colombie. Le propos de cette thèse est d’étudier les discriminations raciales et le racisme dans l’enseignement supérieur, ainsi que leur influence sur la (re)production des inégalités sociales et éducatives qui affectent les minorités racialisées dans les deux pays. Il s’agit d’une enquête sociologique qualitative, avec une approche comparative entre deux sociétés différentes, en France et en Colombie, à partir de l’étude du vécu d’étudiant.e.s noirs, hommes et femmes, à Paris et à Bogota. La thèse cherche à identifier les processus de discrimination systémique auxquels doivent faire face les étudiant.e.s noir.e.s, comment le racisme quotidien se manifeste dans les universités françaises et colombiennes, comment les expériences de discrimination raciale sont vécues et appropriées par les étudiant.e.s interviewé.e.s, et comment elles influent sur leurs trajectoires éducatives et sociales. Enfin, les différences ou similitudes identifiables entre la France et la Colombie constituent un autreenjeu majeur de la thèse / The sociological study of inequalities in higher education has been mainly developed from traditional categories such as "social class." The analysis of higher education from an "ethno-racial" standpoint has been emerging as much in France as in Colombia. For that reason, the purpose of this thesis is to research racial discrimination and racism in higher education in order to identify how they influence the re-production of educational and social inequalities that affect racialized minorities in both countries.This is a qualitative sociological research, with a comparative approach between two contrasting societies like France and Colombia, from the analysis of the experience of black college students, men and women, in Paris and Bogota. It aims to identify the processes of systemic discrimination students must face, how everyday racism manifests in French and Colombian universities, how interviewed students live and cope with the experiences of racial discrimination, how these experiences impact their educational and social trajectories, and what similarities or differences can be identified between France and Colombia / El estudio sociológico de las desigualdades en la educación superior se ha desarrollado principalmente a partir de categorías clásicas como “clase social”. Tanto en Francia como en Colombia, el desarrollo de análisis sobre la educación superior desde una perspectiva “étnico-racial” ha sido hasta ahora bastante incipiente. De acuerdo con esto, el propósito de la presente tesis es investigar sobre las discriminaciones raciales y el racismo en la educación superior y cómo influyen en la re-producción de las desigualdades educativas y sociales que afectan a las distintas minorías racializadas de los dos países.Se trata de un estudio sociológico de tipo cualitativo, con un enfoque comparativo entre dos sociedades contrastantes como Francia y Colombia, a partir del estudio de la experiencia vivida por estudiantes universitarios negros, hombres y mujeres, en París y Bogotá. Se propone identificar cuáles son los procesos de discriminación sistémica a los cuales se deben enfrentar los estudiantes, cómo se manifiesta el racismo cotidiano en las universidades francesas y colombianas, cómo son vividas y asimiladas las experiencias de discriminación racial por los estudiantes entrevistados, y cómo influyen estas en sus trayectorias educativas y sociales. En últimas, qué similitudes o diferencias se logran identificar entre Francia y Colombia

Salman Rushdie’s The Satanic Versesis one of the most controversial postcolonial novels, which among a plethora of themes seems to mainly focus on the notion of hegemonic power. The Satanic Verses can partly be read as a denunciation of the British hegemony in which social injustice, racial discrimination and violence, in its different forms, exerted upon marginalized and stigmatized people (such as non-European expatriates) are legitimized by the dominant group and understood as something conventional and normal by the subjugated people. Moreover, this novel encourages the readers to criticize religion as a political tool with the help of which the dominant group can make groups of people subservient to authority. This part of my essay is related to the criticism of hegemony as such. Employing Gramsci’s analysis of hegemony, this paper begins with an investigation of the relationship between the figure of a migrant, violence and cultural hegemony inRushdie’s Britain. In the second part, the link between dream scenes and the ways through which they contribute to the overall argument about hegemony is studied. Finally, the last part of this essay revolves around religious hegemony. Hence, what links all these three sections together is the concept of hegemony and the ways through which hegemonic power is achieved and implemented in this novel.

O presente trabalho está baseado em uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o racismo no Brasil e busca investigar, sob um olhar sociológico, as contradições entre o discurso jurídico, expresso, sobretudo, na legislação anti-racista e entre algumas práticas sociais brasileiras. Em um primeiro momento, o trabalho apresenta uma recuperação histórico-social do processo de fixação do racismo no pensamento intelectual e suas conseqüências sociais para a vivência do cotidiano brasileiro. Em um segundo momento, é feita uma compilação do tema do racismo na Constituição Brasileira e uma breve recuperação dos instrumentos legais e políticos complementares implementados em nome da dignidade humana e da igualdade dos indivíduos perante a lei. Partindo destes dois aspectos (histórico-social e jurídico-legislativo) o trabalho apresenta dois exemplos que revelam a persistência do racismo na sociedade brasileira: o preconceito dirigido ao negro nas rotinas de abordagem da Polícia Militar e os obstáculos à eqüidade no acesso à justiça. Desta forma, a despeito dos instrumentos normativos existentes, é possível reconhecer que o Brasil ainda apresenta muitos exemplos do enraizamento de valores e comportamentos discriminatórios no âmbito das práticas sociais, não obstante, os avanços mais contemporâneos da legislação no combate ao racismo na realidade brasileira. / This research is based on a literature review on racism in Brazil and aims to investigate, from a sociological perspective, the contradictions between the legal anti-racist discourse and some social practices. Firstly, the work presents a historical and social recovery of the process of fixation of racism in intellectual thought and its consequences to the experience of Brazilian daily life. In a second step, a compilation of the theme of racism in the Brazilian Constitution is made as well as a brief recovery of the legal instruments and complementary policies implemented in the name of human dignity and equality of individuals before the law. Considering these two aspects (historical-sociological and legal), the research presents two examples that reveal the persistence of racism in Brazilian society: the prejudice against black people in the routine approach of the Military Police and the barriers to equitable access to justice. Thus, despite the existing legal rules, we can recognize that Brazil still displays many examples in the context of social practices that bring about the historical roots of discriminatory behavior and values, nevertheless, to the most contemporary of legislation to combat racism in Brazilian reality.

A presente pesquisa se baseia na teoria crítica da branquidade, especificamente no que concerne aos elementos mais evidenciados da formação da identidade Branca, para realizar uma análise, por amostra, da tendência das demandas judiciais e julgamentos jurisprudenciais acerca da conduta de discriminação racial, prevista na legislação brasileira. Tendo em vista que as decisões dos tribunais a respeito desse tema se mostram bastantes controversas, os elementos da branquidade são trazidos a esse trabalho com a finalidade de contribuir com a tarefa dos operadores do direito de realizar a interpretação sobre dúvidas, dubiedades, lacunas e questionamentos sobre a eficácia da implementação da norma em reduzir as manifestações do racismo. / This research is based on the critical theory of whiteness, especially on elements that compose the white identity formation, for the purpose of analyzing the judicial decisions selected from the Brazilians tribunals, concerned to racial discrimination conducts. The elements of whiteness theory is consider as a contribution to the work of the professionals of law in giving an interpretation about the racial conflicts trials, considering the doubt, dubiousness, lacuna and analyses about the discrimination law efficacy in reduce the racism manifestations.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T19:56:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação tem como propósito analisar narrativas sobre o negro e a discriminação racial produzidas em uma experiência pedagógica de educação matemática realizada com alunos da 6ª série do Ensino Fundamental da Escola Presidente Vargas, situada no bairro Operário, no município de Campo Bom, estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A produção do material de pesquisa assim como sua análise foram feitas tendo como suporte as teorizações sobre currículo e os aportes dos campos da Etnomatemática e dos Estudos Culturais examinados a partir de uma perspectiva alinhada com o pensamento pós-moderno. A parte empírica da pesquisa foi realizada através de procedimentos de “tipo etnográfico”, tais como observação e gravação em áudio das falas dos alunos produzidas quando da implementação das atividades pedagógicas e a escrita de um diário de campo. A dissertação está organizada em cinco capítulos. No primeiro, há uma apresentação geral do trabalho, a explicitação do lugar teórico a partir do qual foi realizado o estudo, o relat / The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze narratives produced about the black and the racial discrimination observed in a pedagogical trial on mathematical education. The trial was conducted with students from the sixth grade of elementary school at President Vargas School, located in Bairro Operário, in the municipality of Campo Bom, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The production of the research materials, as well as their analysis were based on theorizations about curriculum, and contributions from the fields of Ethnomathematics and Cultural Studies, examined from a perspective aligned with the post-modern thought. The empirical part of the trial was carried out according to “ethnographic-type” procedures, such as observation and audio recording (later transcribed) of what the students said during the implementation of the pedagogical activities, in addition to a field log. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter contains a general presentation of the thesis, the explication of t