In this thesis, two methods are proposed in order to rank units: Target-direction-set value efficiency analysis (TDSVEA) and mixed integer programming (MIP) technique. Besides its ranking ability based on preferences of a decision maker (DM), TDSVEA, which modifies the targeted projection approach of Value Efficiency Analysis (VEA) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), provides important information to analyzer: targets and distances of units from these targets, proposed input allocations in order to project these targets, the lack of harmony between the DM and the manager of the unit etc. In MIP technique, units select weights of the criteria from a feasible weight space in order to outperform maximum number of other units. Units are then ranked according to their outperforming ability. Mixed integer programs in this technique are simplified by domination and weight-domination relations. This simplification procedure is further simplified using transitivity between relations. Both TDSVEA and MIP technique are applied to rank research universities and these rankings are compared to those of other ranking techniques.

Expansion is a challenge that many companies end up in, and an important factor in an expansion is the customers and how the company will do to increase the customer base. This study focuses on the company and to help companies identify new customers. The study uses multi criteria decision analysis to identify potential customers to companies. The purpose of this study is to show that multi criteria decision analysis can be effectively used by companies in identifying new customers and also used as a basis for expansion. By using a case study at Stort AB, a small logistics company, the TOPSIS multi criteria decision method can be tested as a method for identifying new customers. With the help from the employees of the company, participating in the study in the form of decision makers, criteria’s and weights relevant to the company can be determined. Data, criteria and requirements are taken from Stort AB and the Statistiska centralbyrån in order to implement TOPSIS and further information is collected from Stort AB in order to answer questions such as: how much resources are required by the company to cope with expansion and how many new customers do the company need to achieve the desired expansion. The study shows that TOPSIS is a good method of ranking, especially when the problem contains many options. From TOPSIS, a ranking of all potential customers is obtained based on the company's weighting, and it can be read which customer that will suit the company's criteria best. However, the data available for this study were inadequate to provide some accurate answers to the company, but the study provides a good picture for the company how it will look and what will be required of them in an expansion. / Expansion är en utmaning som många företag hamnar i och en viktig faktor i en expansion är kunderna och hur företaget ska göra för att öka kundkretsen. Denna studie fokuserar på företaget och att hjälpa företaget att identifiera nya kunder. I studien används multikriteriebeslutsanalys för att identifiera potentiella kunder till företaget. Syftet med denna studie är att visa att multikriteriebeslutsanalys på ett effektivt sätt kan användas av företag vid identifiering av nya kunder och även användas som grund för expansion. Med hjälp av en fallstudie hos företaget Stort AB, ett litet logistikföretag, testas multikriteriebeslutsmetoden TOPSIS som metod för att identifiera nya kunder. Med hjälp av de anställda på företaget, som deltar i studien i form av beslutsfattare, kan kriterier och vikter som är relevanta för företaget bestämmas. Data, kriterier och krav tas från Stort AB och Statistiska centralbyrån för att kunna genomföra TOPSIS och ytterligare information hämtas från Stort AB för att försöka besvara frågor som: hur mycket resurser krävs av företaget för att klara av expansionen och hur många nya kunder behöver företaget för att uppnå önskad expansion. Studien visar att TOPSIS är en bra metod vid ranking, framförallt då problemet innehåller många alternativ. Från TOPSIS fås en ranking av samtliga potentiella kunder baserat på företagets viktning och där kan det avläsas vilka kunder som passar bäst in på företagets kriterier. De data som fanns tillgängligt vid denna studie var begränsat för att kunna ge några exakta svar till företaget men studien ger en bra bild för företaget hur det kommer se ut och vad som kommer krävas av dem vid en expansion.

Submitted by Vanessa Gonçalves (vangoncalves@yahoo.com) on 2012-01-24T01:10:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 versao_final_tese.pdf: 18933999 bytes, checksum: f8caa00fc36a9cbb589aef31c1832639 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2012-01-24T11:30:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 versao_final_tese.pdf: 18933999 bytes, checksum: f8caa00fc36a9cbb589aef31c1832639 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-01-24T12:17:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 versao_final_tese.pdf: 18933999 bytes, checksum: f8caa00fc36a9cbb589aef31c1832639 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-12 / A partir dos objetivos propostos pelas políticas nacionais de saúde, ambientais e de saneamento básico buscou-se analisar os efeitos da cobrança pelo uso da água no setor de saneamento básico, visando identificar possíveis variações causadas por este instrumento econômico no acesso à água, na qualidade do produto ofertado e na qualidade do serviço prestado. Ainda, por se tratar de um serviço público, analisamos a performance técnica das empresas paulistas do setor de saneamento básico na prestação deste serviço por meio da metodologia Data Envelopment Analysis. Esta ferramenta resulta em um indicador de desempenho, com base na melhor relação input/output, ao estabelecer um ranking de eficiência médio a partir das práticas mais eficientes de cada unidade produtiva. / Based upon the goals proposed by Health, Environmental and Sanitation National Policies, this study aimed to examine the effects of water charges in the sanitation sector. The purpose was to identify possible variations caused by this economic instrument in water distribution access, the quality of the product offered and the quality of the service provided. Since it is a public service, we analyzed São Paulo sanitation companies at the technical performance in providing this service using Data Envelopment Analysis. This tool results on a performance indicator, on the basis of the best input /output relationship, by establishing a ranking of medium efficiency from the most efficient practices for each production unit.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T14:02:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro Antonio Gonzales Sanchez.pdf: 1313238 bytes, checksum: 234b86be8198c8c3e01948d1e566aa19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-17 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Today, the Internet is considered a powerful tool of communication and information. Its impact on society is increasing more and more, which means that it is becoming indispensable. In this context information searching systems are becoming increasingly important. In this paper, we propose a new search method capable of learning ranking functions that explore Web pages structure in blocks, using genetic programming. Different from previous works, our method allows combining traditional evidence in information retrieval with evidence derived from the structure of Web pages. To validate the proposed method, we use three real collections of pages (IG, CNN and BLOG). Experimental results show that our approach is able to overcome the results of a baseline of information which uses blocks information without learning machine, presenting precision benefits (MAP) of 9.38% in the IG collection, from 7.13% in CNN, and 25.87% in collection BLOG. Regarding our second baseline, which uses genetic programming out of traditional evidence in information retrieval, our method achieved benefits of 5.25% in the IG collection, 10.37% and 4.37% on CNN in collection BLOG. / Na atualidade, a Internet é considerada uma poderosa ferramenta de comunicação e informação. Seu impacto na sociedade está aumentando cada vez mais, o que significa que está se tornando indispensável. Neste contexto, sistemas de busca por informação tornam-se cada vez mais importantes. Neste trabalho, propomos um novo método de busca capaz de aprender funções de ranking que exploram a estrutura em bloco das páginas Web, usando programação genética. Diferentemente de trabalhos anteriores, nosso método permite combinar evidências tradicionais em recuperação de informação com evidências derivadas da estrutura das páginas. Para validar o método proposto, utilizamos três coleções reais de páginas (IG, CNN e BLOG). Os resultados experimentais mostram que nossa abordagem é capaz de superar os resultados de um baseline que usa informações de blocos sem aprendizagem de máquina, apresentando ganhos de precisão (MAP) de 9,38% na coleção IG, de 7,13% na CNN, e 25,87% na coleção de BLOG. Em relação a nosso segundo baseline, que usa programação genética a partir de evidências tradicionais de recuperação de informação, nosso método conseguiu ganhos de 5,25% na coleção IG, 10,37% na CNN e 4,37% na coleção de BLOG.

O presente estudo teve como objetivos estimar os parâmetros genéticos para características de crescimento e perímetro escrotal, bem como avaliar as alterações no ranking dos animais participantes de provas de ganho de peso (PGP) quando diferentes índices de seleção são usados e identificar eventuais erros de seleção. Os índices fenotípicos utilizaram os valores fenotípicos das características e os índices genéticos utilizaram os valores genéticos aditivos para a classificação dos animais. Como dados de crescimento foi analisado o peso aos 120 dias (p120), ao desmame (pdes), aos 12 meses (p12) e aos 18 meses (p18) de 3149, 3958, 2484 e 1872 animais, respectivamente, bem como o ganho de peso do desmame aos 12 meses (gpdes-12) e dos 12 aos 18 meses (gp12-18) com 1455 e 1465 animais, respectivamente. Foi analisado o perímetro escrotal ao desmame (pedes), 12 meses (pe12), 15 meses (pe15) e 18 meses (pe18) de 1535, 1166, 1212 e 852 animais, respectivamente. Os componentes de (co)variância, os parâmetros genéticos e as soluções para os efeitos fixos e aleatórios foram estimados pelo método REML, com o programa VCE6 sob modelo animal e utilizando um arquivo de pedigree com 15.522 animais. Para a comparação de ranking foram utilizados dados de 793 machos nascidos em 2008 e 2009 participantes das PGP. Dois critérios foram usados para a comparação de ranking dos animais, a correlação de ranking de Spearman e os erros de seleção. Para avaliar os erros de seleção duas estratégias foram adotadas: animais que apresentaram índices iguais ou acima da média mais um desvio padrão foram selecionados e os animais que apresentaram índices acima da média, reduzindo com isso a pressão de seleção. As estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidade direta foram 0,26, 0,25, 0,13 e 0,15 e materna de 0,20, 0,16, 0,09 e 0,15 para p120, pdes, p12 e p18, respectivamente. As estimativas de herdabilidade direta para gpdes-12 e gp12-18 foram de 0,13 e 0,20, respectivamente. Para as características pedes, pe12, pe15 e pe18 as estimativas de herdabilidade direta foram de 0,56, 0,59, 0,54 e 0,50, e materna de 0,29, 0,29, 0,26 e 0,05, nesta ordem. Em sua maioria, as estimativas estão de acordo com as descritas na literatura. As correlações genéticas entre p120, pdes e p12 com o p18, ficaram abaixo da relatada na literatura. As correlações de ranking apresentaram-se relativamente altas entre os índices fenotípicos e genéticos. Erros de seleção de 19,3 a 73,2% foram observados com a classificação dos animais sendo igual ou maior que um desvio padrão acima da média. Quando a seleção foi obtida nos animais com índice igual ou maior que a média, os erros de seleção permaneceram entre 9,0 e 22,1%. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a seleção de touros jovens pelos índices fenotípicos pode acarretar em erros na escolha de reprodutores, principalmente quanto maior a pressão de seleção. / The objectives of this study were estimate genetic parameters of growth traits and scrotal circumference, as well evaluate changes on ranking of animals submitted to performance tests (PGP) and selection error when two selection indexes were used. The phenotypic index used the phenotypic values, deviated from the mean of the group, to rank the animals and the genetic index used the combined additive genetic values for animals\' ranking. Growth traits comprehended weights at 120 days (p120), at weaning (pdes), at 12 months (p12) and at 18 months (p18) of 3149, 3958, 2484 e 1872 animals, respectively, along with weight gain from weaning to 12 months (gpdes-12) and from 12 to 18 months (gp12-18) measured in 1455 e 1465 animals, in that order. It was analyzed the scrotal circumference at weaning (pedes), at 12 months (pe12), at 15 months (pe15) and at 18 months of 1535, 1166, 1212 e 852 animals, respectively. (Co)variance components, genetic parameters and fixed and random effects solutions were estimated by REML method by VCE program under an animal model methodology and using a pedigree data file composed by 15.522 animals. For animals\' ranking comparison performance test data of 793 animals born in 2008 and 2009 were used. Two criteria were assumed to rank comparison: Spearman ranking correlation and selection error. The evaluation of selection error was realized based on two strategies: animals that presented index equal or greater than the mean plus one standard deviation were selected and animals with index greater than the mean were selected; in this case the selection pressure was reduced. Direct heritability coefficients were estimates as 0.26, 0.25, 0.13 e 0.15, and maternal heritability coefficients estimates were 0.20, 0.16, 0.09 e 0.15 for p120, pdes, p12 and p18, respectively. For gpdes-12 and gp12-18, the estimates of heritability were 0.13 e 0.20, in that order. For scrotal circumference at weaning, 12 months, 15 months and 18 months, the estimates of direct heritability were 0.56, 0.59, 0.54 e 0.50 and for maternal heritability were 0.29, 0.29, 0.26 e 0.05, respectively. In general, those estimations were in agreement with estimation on literature. The genetic correlations between p120, pdes and p12 with p18 were slightly lower than described on other studies. Spearman ranking correlation between phenotypic and genetic index were high. Selection errors between 19.3 and 73.2% were observed when selected animals presented indexes equal or greater than the mean plus one standard deviation. When selecting animals with index greater than the mean, the selection errors observed were between 9.0 and 22.1%. The results indicate that young replacement animals\' selection based on phenotypic index can lead to selection errors, especially when the selection pressure is reduced.

Sammanfattning Titel: Organisationsidentitet och ranking. En kvalitativ studie om hur uppfattningen av kommuners organisationsidentitet förändras av ranking. Nivå: Examensarbete på Grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Alexandra Eriksson och Annica Bylund Handledare: Niklas Bomark Datum: 2021 - Januari Syfte: Studiens syfte är att öka förståelsen för hur uppfattningen om organisationens identitet förändras när organisationen utsätts för flera rankningar och hur det förändrar uppfattningen av den sociala identiteten. Metod: Studien har sin utgångspunkt i den hermeneutiska vetenskapstraditionen och tillämpar en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi. Insamling av studiens empiriska data har skett genom totalt sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med medlemmar inom sex olika kommuner. Vår empiriska data tolkades och analyserades tematiskt för att se likheter och skillnader mellan data och den teoretiska referensramen. Resultat och slutsats: Vår studie ökar förståelsen för hur kommuner hanterar att utsättas för olika rankningar där det framkommer att de inte längre lägger lika stor vikt vid dessa. Istället ser de mer till SKR:s Öppna jämförelser som de anser är mer vetenskapligt baserade. Kommuner lägger inte heller någon vikt vid skillnader mellan olika rankingar eftersom dem har flera verksamhetsområden som utsätts för rankingar som mäter olika aspekter av organisationen. Uppfattningen om organisationsidentiteten och den sociala identiteten förändras inte på en styrelsenivå inom kommunen av rankingar. Detta eftersom de besitter tillräckligt med information om organisationens egenskaper och kan därför bestrida resultaten från rankingarna. Det är mer troligt att uppfattningen förändras längre ut i verksamheten där medlemmarna inte har samma helhetsbild. Studiens bidrag: Studien bidrar med en kombination av tidigare forskning om ranking, organisationsidentitet och social identitet. Den lyfter även fram kommunernas syn på ranking som tidigare inte representerats av forskningen. Studien belyser även hur kommuner kan hantera ranking för att motverka negativa förändringar av uppfattningen om organisationens identitet och därmed den sociala identiteten. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Baserat på studiens resultat är det första förslaget att utföra en studie där flera nivåer inom kommunen reflekteras. Det kan ge en djupare förståelse för hur uppfattningen om organisationens identitet och den sociala identiteten förändras av rankningar och visa om det skiljer sig åt mellan medlemmar på en styrelsenivå och de längre ut i verksamheten. Det andra förslaget är att jämföra kommuner med andra organisationer för att undersöka om det är generellt förekommande att rankning inte längre orsakar reaktivitet eller förändringar i uppfattningen om organisationens identitet eller social identitet. För att göra denna form av studie djupare föreslår vi även att studien inkluderar företag både inom och utanför Sverige för att se om förekomsten av reaktivitet och förändrad uppfattning är beroende av landets kultur. Nyckelord: “ranking”, “multipla rankingar”, “organisationsidentitet”, “social identitet”, “sociala jämförelser”. / Abstract Title: Organizational identity and ranking. A qualitative study of how the perception of municipalities' organizational identity is changed by rankings. Level: Final assignment for bachelor’s degree in business administration. Authors: Alexandra Eriksson and Annica Bylund Supervisor: Niklas Bomark Date: 2021 – January Aim: The aim of the study is to increase the understanding of how the perception of the organization's identity changes when the organization is exposed to several rankings and how it changes the perception of the social identity. Method: The study is grounded in the hermeneutic science tradition and uses a qualitative research strategy. Gathering of empirical data has been conducted through six semi structured interviews with members from six different municipalities. Our empirical data was interpreted and analysed thematically to uncover similarities and differences between data and the theoretical reference frame. Conclusion: Our study increases the understanding of how municipalities manage to be exposed to different rankings where it appears that they no longer attach as much importance to these. Instead, they look more at SKR's Open Comparisons, which they believe are more scientifically based. Municipalities also do not attach any importance to differences between different rankings because they have several areas of activity that are exposed to rankings that measure different aspects of the organization. The perception of the organizational identity and the social identity does not change at a board level within the municipality by rankings. This is because they possess enough information about the organization's characteristics and can therefore dispute the results of the rankings. It is more likely that the perception changes further out in the business where the members do not have the same overall picture. Contribution: The study contributes with a combination of previous research on ranking, organizational identity, and social identity. It also highlights the municipalities' views on rankings that have not previously been represented by research. The study also sheds light on how municipalities can handle rankings to counteract negative changes in the perception of the organization's identity and thus the social identity. Suggestions for further research: Based on the results of the study, the first proposal is to carry out a study in which several levels within the municipality are reflected. It can provide a deeper understanding of how perceptions of the organization's identity and social identity are changed by rankings and show whether there are differences between members at a board level and those further out in the organization. The second proposal is to compare municipalities with other organizations to investigate whether it is a general phenomenon that ranking no longer causes reactivity or changes in the perception of the organization's identity or social identity. To make this form of study deeper, we also suggest that the study includes companies both within and outside of Sweden to see if the presence of reactivity and changed perception is dependent on the country's culture. Keywords: “ranking”, “multiple rankings”, ”organizational identity”, ”social identity”, “social comparison”.

KRAS is a gene that plays a very important role in the initiation and development of several types of cancer. In particular, 90% of human pancreatic cancers are due to KRAS mutations. KRAS is difficult to target directly and a promising therapeutic path is its indirect inactivation by targeting one of its Synthetic Lethal Partners (SLPs). A gene G is a Synthetic Lethal Partner of KRAS if the simultaneous perturbation of KRAS and G leads to cell death. In the past, efforts to identify KRAS SLPs with high-throughput RNAi screens have been performed. These studies have reported only few top-ranked SLPs. To our knowledge, these screens have never been considered in combination for further examination. This thesis employs integrative analysis of the published screens, utilizing additional, independent data aiming at the detection of more robust therapeutic targets. To this aim, RankSLP, a novel statistical analysis approach was implemented, which for the first time i) consistently integrates existing KRAS-specific RNAi screens, ii) consistently integrates and normalizes the results of various ranking methods, iii) evaluates its findings with the use of external data and iv) explores the effects of random data inclusion. This analysis was able to predict novel SLPs of KRAS and confirm some of the existing ones.

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen der Umweltberichterstattung und der ökonomischen Leistung von Unternehmen. Dazu erfolgt nach einer Abgrenzung der wesentlichen Fachbegriffe dieser Arbeit eine umfassende Darstellung des aktuellen Standes der Forschung zu diesem Thema. Die Ergebnisse dieser Recherche verdeutlichen, dass auf dem Gebiet bereits vielfach mit unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen geforscht wurde. Einige Studien konnten einen positiven Zusammenhang zwischen der Umweltberichterstattung und der ökonomischen Leistung von Unternehmen nachweisen, viele andere hingegen nicht. Mit Hilfe dieser Ergebnisse wird eine Analyse des Zusammenhangs von Umweltberichterstattung und ökonomischer Leistung der Unternehmen des Good Company Rankings (GCR) vorbereitet. Dazu werden zu den Bewertungen des Rankings entsprechende ökonomische Kenngrößen ermittelt, welche die ökonomische Leistung der Unternehmen des GCR widerspiegeln. Anschließend wird der zu untersuchende Zusammenhang anhand linearer Einfach- und Mehrfachregressionen geprüft. Die Ergebnisse dieser Regressionen verdeutlichen, dass sich eine „gute“ ökonomische Leistung der Unternehmen positiv auf deren Umweltberichterstattung auswirken kann. Zudem kann auch eine quantitativ und qualitativ umfangreiche Umweltberichterstattung eine Steigerung der ökonomischen Leistung begründen. Diese kann unmittelbar nach Veröffentlichung der Berichterstattung erfolgen oder zeitversetzt in späteren Perioden.

In the telecommunications industry, one of the most time-consuming tasks is troubleshooting and the resolution of Trouble Report (TR) tickets. This task involves the understanding of textual data which can be challenging due to its domain- and company-specific features. The text contains many abbreviations, typos, tables as well as numerical information. This work tries to solve the issue of retrieving solutions for new troubleshooting reports in an automated way by using a Natural Language Processing (NLP) model, in particular Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT)- based approaches. It proposes a text ranking model that, given a description of a fault, can rank the best possible solutions to that problem using answers from past TRs. The model tackles the trade-off between accuracy and latency by implementing a multi-stage BERT-based architecture with an initial retrieval stage and a re-ranker stage. Having a model that achieves a desired accuracy under a latency constraint allows it to be suited for industry applications. The experiments to evaluate the latency and the accuracy of the model have been performed on Ericsson’s troubleshooting dataset. The evaluation of the proposed model suggest that it is able to retrieve and re-rank solution for TRs with a significant improvement compared to a non-BERT model. / En av de mest tidskrävande uppgifterna inom telekommunikationsindustrin är att felsöka och hitta lösningar till felrapporter (TR). Denna uppgift kräver förståelse av textdata, som försvåras as att texten innehåller företags- och domänspecifika attribut. Texten innehåller typiskt sett många förkortningar, felskrivningar och tabeller blandat med numerisk information. Detta examensarbete ämnar att förenkla inhämtningen av lösningar av nya felsökningar på ett automatiserat sätt med hjälp av av naturlig språkbehandling (NLP), specifikt modeller baserade på dubbelriktad kodrepresentation (BERT). Examensarbetet föreslår en textrankningsmodell som, givet en felbeskrivning, kan rangordna de bästa möjliga lösningarna till felet baserat på tidigare felsökningar. Modellen hanterar avvägningen mellan noggrannhet och fördröjning genom att implementera den dubbelriktade kodrepresentationen i två faser: en initial inhämtningsfas och en omordningsfas. För industrianvändning krävs att modellen uppnår en given noggrannhet med en viss tidsbegränsning. Experimenten för att utvärdera noggrannheten och fördröjningen har utförts på Ericssons felsökningsdata. Utvärderingen visar att den föreslagna modellen kan hämta och omordna data för felsökningar med signifikanta förbättringar gentemot modeller utan dubbelriktad kodrepresentation.

Künstliche Intelligenz und selbst-lernende Systeme, die ihr Verhalten aufgrund vergangener Entscheidungen und historischer Daten adaptieren, spielen eine im- mer größer werdende Rollen in unserem Alltag. Wir sind umgeben von einer großen Zahl algorithmischer Entscheidungshilfen, sowie einer stetig wachsenden Zahl algorithmischer Entscheidungssysteme. Rankings und sortierte Listen von Suchergebnissen stellen dabei das wesentliche Instrument unserer Onlinesuche nach Inhalten, Produkten, Freizeitaktivitäten und relevanten Personen dar. Aus diesem Grund bestimmt die Reihenfolge der Suchergebnisse nicht nur die Zufriedenheit der Suchenden, sondern auch die Chancen der Sortierten auf Bildung, ökonomischen und sogar sozialen Erfolg. Wissenschaft und Politik sorgen sich aus diesem Grund mehr und mehr um systematische Diskriminierung und Bias durch selbst-lernende Systeme. Um der Diskriminierung im Kontext von Rankings und sortierten Suchergeb- nissen Herr zu werden, sind folgende drei Probleme zu addressieren: Zunächst müssen wir die ethischen Eigenschaften und moralischen Ziele verschiedener Sit- uationen erarbeiten, in denen Rankings eingesetzt werden. Diese sollen mit den ethischen Werten der Algorithmen übereinstimmen, die zur Vermeidung von diskri- minierenden Rankings Anwendung finden. Zweitens ist es notwendig, ethische Wertesysteme in Mathematik und Algorithmen zu übersetzen, um sämtliche moralis- chen Ziele bedienen zu können. Drittens sollten diese Methoden einem breiten Publikum zugänglich sein, das sowohl Programmierer:innen, als auch Jurist:innen und Politiker:innen umfasst. / Artificial intelligence and adaptive systems, that learn patterns from past behavior and historic data, play an increasing role in our day-to-day lives. We are surrounded by a vast amount of algorithmic decision aids, and more and more by algorithmic decision making systems, too. As a subcategory, ranked search results have become the main mechanism, by which we find content, products, places, and people online. Thus their ordering contributes not only to the satisfaction of the searcher, but also to career and business opportunities, educational placement, and even social success of those being ranked. Therefore researchers have become increasingly concerned with systematic biases and discrimination in data-driven ranking models. To address the problem of discrimination and fairness in the context of rank- ings, three main problems have to be solved: First, we have to understand the philosophical properties of different ranking situations and all important fairness definitions to be able to decide which method would be the most appropriate for a given context. Second, we have to make sure that, for any fairness requirement in a ranking context, a formal definition that meets such requirements exists. More concretely, if a ranking context, for example, requires group fairness to be met, we need an actual definition for group fairness in rankings in the first place. Third, the methods together with their underlying fairness concepts and properties need to be available to a wide range of audiences, from programmers, to policy makers and politicians.