Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-10-16T16:14:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Helenize Soares Serres_.pdf: 9790971 bytes, checksum: abda03b30a0495bcc3a5a822accae61a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-16T16:14:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Helenize Soares Serres_.pdf: 9790971 bytes, checksum: abda03b30a0495bcc3a5a822accae61a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-06 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / PROSUP - Programa de Suporte à Pós-Gradução de Instituições de Ensino Particulares / Esta tese estuda as estâncias missioneiras da Banda Oriental do Rio Uruguai na primeira metade do século XVIII. O trabalho investiga as articulações que elas mantiveram com suas respectivas reduções e também com outros atores sociais daquele espaço. As estâncias foram, em boa medida, responsáveis pelo sustento das reduções, uma vez que a criação de gado foi essencial à alimentação de suas populações, situação que as tornava diretamente responsáveis pela viabilidade das missões. Por isso, ao falar em espaço missioneiro, é preciso considerar tais áreas não “urbanas” como parte importante a que se refere. As estâncias apresentavam, entre suas estruturas, postos com currais, ranchos, galpões e capelas, sendo habitadas por um número de indígenas que variava durante o ano. Considerando isso, o texto aborda as dinâmicas de sua formação e organização, os trabalhos e trabalhadores que faziam parte de sua rotina, bem como as relações que, a partir delas, se estabeleciam com grupos de indígenas não reduzidos, colonos espanhóis e portugueses. Interessa ainda os litígios em que se envolveram as estâncias entre si e com os povoados missioneiros, bem como a forma como estes casos eram resolvidos. Esse estudo se baseou na leitura da literatura de referência e na análise intensiva de um conjunto variado de fontes jesuíticas tais como: memoriais, diários de padres, pareceres, cartas, processos de litígios, crônicas e mapas. Ao lado delas, foram consultados documentos procedentes da administração espanhola e diários dos administradores que assumiram os pueblos após a expulsão dos jesuítas. Por meio desse material, a tese busca elucidar a importância alcançada pelas estâncias, uma vez que se constituem como uma parte essencial da própria redução. / This thesis studies the missionary ranchs (estancias) of the Eastern Band of the Uruguay River in the first half of the 18th century. The work investigates the articulations that they maintained with their respective reductions and also with other social actors within that space. The ranches were, to a large extent, responsible for sustaining the reductions, since cattle farming was essential to feed their populations, which made them directly responsible for the viability of the missions (missiones). Therefore, when speaking in missions‟ space, it is necessary to consider such non-"urban" areas as an important part to which it refers. The estancias had corrals, ranches, sheds and chapels among their structures, being inhabited by several natives whose number varied during the year. Considering this, the text addresses the dynamics of its formation and organization, the tasks and workers that were part of its routine, as well as the relations that, from them, established themselves with groups of indiscriminate indigenous, Spanish and Portuguese settlers. It also interests the litigations amid the estancias themselves and also with the mission villages, as well as the way these cases were fixed. This study was based on the reading of the literature of reference and the intensive analysis of a varied set of Jesuit sources such as: memorials, diaries of priests, opinions, letters, litigation processes, chronicles and maps. Next to them, were consulted documents from the Spanish administration and diaries of the administrators who took over the pueblos after the expulsion of the Jesuits. Through this material, the thesis seeks to elucidate the importance reached by the estancias, since they constitute an essential part of the reductions.

The research described in this thesis is directed toward the efficient, enantioselective synthesis of chiral products that have useful functionality. This goal was pursued through catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation, a reaction class that selectively introduces one or two stereocenters into a molecule in an atom-efficient step. This reaction uses a small amount (often <1 mol%) of a chiral catalyst to impart stereoselectivity to the product formed. Though catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation is not a new reaction type, there remain many substrate classes for which it is ineffective. The present thesis describes efforts to extend the reaction to some of these substrates classes. Some of the products synthesized in these studies may eventually find use as building blocks for the production of chiral pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, or flavouring or colouring agents. However, the primary and immediate aim of this thesis was to develop and demonstrate new catalysts that are rapid and effective in the asymmetric hydrogenation of a broad range of compounds. Paper I describes the design and construction of two new, related chiral iridium compounds that are catalysts for asymmetric hydrogenation. They each contain an N,P-donating phosphinooxazoline ligand that is held together by a rigid bicyclic unit. One of these iridium compounds catalyzed the asymmetric hydrogenation of acyclic aryl imines, often with very good enantioselectivities. This is particularly notable because acyclic imines are difficult to reduce with useful enantioselectivity. The second catalyst was useful for the asymmetric hydrogenation of two aryl olefins. In Paper II, the class of catalysts introduced into Paper I is expanded to include many more related compounds, and these are also applied to the asymmetric hydrogenation of prochiral imines and olefins. By studying a range of related catalysts that differ in a single attribute, we were able to probe how different parts of the catalyst affect the yield and selectivity of the hydrogenation reactions. Whereas iridium catalysts had been applied to the asymmetric hydrogenation of imines and largely unfunctionalized olefins prior to this work (with varied degrees of success), they had not been used to reduce fluoroolefins. Their hydrogenation, which is discussed in Paper III, was complicated by concomitant defluorination to yield non-halogenated alkanes. To combat this problem, several iridium-based hydrogenation catalysts were applied to the reaction. Two catalysts stood out for their ability to produce chiral fluoroalkanes in good enantioselectivity while minimizing the defluorination reaction, and one of these bore a phosphinooxazoline ligand of the type described in Papers I and II. Enol phosphinates are another class of olefins that had not previously been subjected to iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation. They do, however, constitute an attractive substrate class, because the product chiral alkyl phosphinates can be transformed into chiral alcohols or chiral phosphines with no erosion of enantiopurity. Iridium complexes of the phosphinooxazoline ligands described in Papers I and II were extremely effective catalysts for the asymmetric hydrogenation of enol phosphinates. They produced alkyl phosphinates from di- and trisubstituted enol phosphinate, β-ketoester-derived enol phosphinates, and even purely alkyl-substituted enol phopshinates, in very high yields and enantioselectivities.

Linear degeneracy of a PDE is a concept that is related to a number of interesting geometric constructions. We first take a quadratic line complex, which is a three parameter family of lines in projective space P3 specified by a single quadratic relation in the Plucker coordinates. This complex supplies us with a conformal structure in P3. With this conformal structure, we associate a three-dimensional second order quasilinear wave equation. We show that any PDE arising in this way is linearly degenerate, furthermore, any linearly degenerate PDE can be obtained by this construction. We classify Segre types of quadratic complexes for which the structure is conformally flat, as well as Segre types for which the corresponding PDE is integrable. These results were published in [1]. We then introduce the notion of characteristic integrals, discuss characteristic integrals in 3D and show that, for certain classes of second-order linearly degenerate dispersionless integrable PDEs, the corresponding characteristic integrals are parameterised by points on the Veronese variety. These results were published in [2].

Beaucoup de phénomènes physiques sont modélisés par des équations aux dérivées partielles, la discrétisation de ces équations conduit souvent à des systèmes dynamiques (continus ou discrets) dépendant d'un vecteur de contrôle dont le choix permet de stabiliser le système dynamique. Comme ces problèmes sont, dans la pratique, de grandes tailles, il est intéressant de les étudier via un autre problème dérivé réduit et plus proche du modèle initial. Dans cette thèse, on introduit et on étudie de nouvelles méthodes basées sur les processus de type Krylov rationnel afin d'extraire un modèle réduit proche du modèle original. Des applications numériques seront faites à partir de problèmes pratiques. Après un premier chapitre consacré au rappel de quelques outils mathématiques, on s'intéresse aux méthodes basées sur le processus d'Arnoldi rationnel par blocs pour réduire la taille d'un système dynamique de type Multi-Input/Multi-Output (MIMO). On propose une sélection adaptative de choix de certains paramètres qui sont cruciaux pour l'efficacité de la méthode. On introduit aussi un nouvel algorithme adaptatif de type Arnoldi rationnel par blocs afin de fournir une nouvelle relation de type Arnoldi. Dans la deuxième partie de ce travail, on introduit la méthode d'Arnoldi rationnelle globale, comme alternative de la méthode d'Arnoldi rationnel par blocs. On définit la projection au sens global, et on applique cette méthode pour approcher les fonctions de transfert. Dans la troisième partie, on s'intéresse à la méthode d'Arnoldi étendue (qui est un cas particulier de la méthode d'Arnoldi rationnelle) dans les deux cas (global et par blocs), on donnera quelques nouvelles propriétés algébriques qui sont appliquées aux problèmes des moments. On consièdère dans la quatrième partie la méthode de troncature balancée pour la réduction de modèle. Ce procédé consiste à résoudre deux grandes équations algébriques de Lyapunov lorsque le système est stable ou à résoudre deux équations de Riccati lorsque le système est instable. Comme ces équations sont de grandes tailles, on va appliquer la méthode de Krylov rationnel par blocs pour approcher la solution de ces équations. Le travail de cette thèse sera cloturé par une nouvelle idée, dans laquelle on définit un nouvel espace sous le nom de sous-espace de Krylov rationnelle étendue qui sera utilisée pour la réduction du modèle. / Many physical phenomena are modeled by PDEs. The discretization of these equations often leads to dynamical systems (continuous or discrete) depending on a control vector whose choice can stabilize the dynamical system. As these problems are, in practice, of a large size, it is interesting to study the problem through another one which is reduced and close to the original model. In this thesis, we develop and study new methods based on rational Krylov-based processes for model reduction techniques in large-scale Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) linear time invariant dynamical systems. In chapter 2 the methods are based on the rational block Arnoldi process to reduce the size of a dynamical system through its transfer function. We provide an adaptive selection choice of shifts that are crucial for the effectiveness of the method. We also introduce a new adaptive Arnoldi-like rational block algorithm to provide a new type of Arnoldi's relationship. In Chapter 3, we develop the new rational global Arnoldi method which is considered as an alternative to the rational block Arnoldi process. We define the projection in the global sense, and apply this method to extract reduced order models that are close to the large original ones. Some new properties and applications are also presented. In chapter 4 of this thesis, we consider the extended block and global Arnoldi methods. We give some new algebraic properties and use them for approaching the firt moments and Markov parameters in moment matching methods for model reduction techniques. In chapter 5, we consider the method of balanced truncation for model reduction. This process is based on the soluytions of two major algebraic equations : Lyapunov equations when the system is stable or Riccati equations when the system is unstable. Since these equations are of large sizes, we will apply the rational block Arnoldi method for solving these equations. In chapter 6, we introduce a new method based on a new subspace called the extended-rational Krylov subspace. We introduce the extended-rational Krylov method which will be used for model reduction in large-scale dynamical systems.

This thesis presents a technique for automatic vectorization of innermost single statement loops with a cross-iteration data dependence by analyzing data-flow to recognize frequently recurring program idioms. Recognition is carried out by matching the circular SSA data-flow found around the loop body’s φ-function against several primitive patterns, forming a tree representation of the relevant data-flow that is then pruned down to a single parameterized node, providing a high-level specification of the data-flow idiom at hand used to guide algorithmic replacement applied to the intermediate representation. The versatility of the technique is shown by presenting an implementation supporting vectorization of both a limited class of linear recurrences as well as prefix sums, where the latter shows how the technique generalizes to intermediate representations with memory state in SSA-form. Finally, a thorough performance evaluation is presented, showing the effectiveness of the vectorization technique.

The purpose of this study was to determine the local economic impact of alternative state budget reductions for Texas community colleges by investigating the income losses to the Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) if state appropriations were reduced by 10, 15, and 20 percent. The objective of this study was achieved through an economic analysis of the local economy of selected MSAs and by computing the income size which was generated by selected colleges. Eight community colleges located in eight MSAs participated by answering mailed questionnaires. The model of Direct Economic Impact was applied to describe the colleges' economic impact. The model was composed of college expenditures, employee expenditures, student expenditures, and the economic multiplier. The study revealed that the selected community colleges were responsible for creating new jobs and increasing the income of the local economies. These eight colleges were responsible for increasing the income of the local economies by $294,945,560 and for creating 5,129 jobs. Reduction in state appropriations to the selected community colleges will reduce the income they produce. A state appropriation cut of 10 percent will result in a loss to the local economy of $6,153,951. A 15 percent reduction in state appropriations will cause the local economy to lose $9,230,943. A 20 percent reduction in state appropriations will reduce the local economic income by $12,307,920.

En nuestro medio, los sujetos no domiciliados que deciden vender sus acciones de empresas peruanas deben realizar un procedimiento de certificación de capital invertido ante la Administración tributaria. Sin embargo, hasta el momento, esta ha ajustado el costo computable de las acciones de titularidad de los sujetos no domiciliados cuando las empresas peruanas emisoras de tales acciones han realizado reducciones de capital para absorber pérdida. De este modo, la presente investigación tiene como objeto determinar si las reducciones de capital para absorber pérdidas deberían implicar una disminución del costo computable de las acciones de las empresas peruanas que son enajenadas por sujetos no domiciliados.

No description available.

Global uppvärmning och klimatförändringar har enat världens länder och det arbetas hårt för att den globala temperaturökningen ska hållas under 2 °C. I EU har man satt som mål att vara klimatneutrala senast 2050 och i Sverige satte man ett ambitiöst mål på att uppnå nettonollutsläpp redan till 2045. I och med det satte även bygg- och anläggningsbranschen som mål att vara klimatneutrala till år 2045. För att nå målet måste alla aktörer i branschen ta sitt ansvar och hitta nya mer miljövänliga alternativ och lösningar. Syftet med denna studie var att sammanställa totala mängder och utsläppta koldioxidekvivalent för tio nyckelprodukter och material använda i tillbyggnaden i projektet Nya Krav Himmerfjärdsverket som utfördes av Veidekke Entreprenad AB. Dessutom att identifiera möjliga miljövänligare alternativ till dessa produkter för att till sist undersöka möjligheten av poängtagning i hållbarhetscertifieringen CEEQUAL i avsnitt 7.2.1, 7.2.3, 7.3.1 samt 7.3.2. Mängddata samlades in från upphandlade avtal, aktuella protokoll samt projektets samordningsmodell. GWP-data som användes som underlag för produkternas utsläpp insamlades från produktspecifika EPD:er. Resultaten fastslog att de produkter som var kopplade till störst utsläpp i projektet var betong, Multicem, betongpålar, armeringsjärn och prefabricerade betongelement. Det konstaterades att utsläppen kopplade till betong kunde minskas med upp till 26,7% genom användning av betong med iblandad flygaska. Utförda utsläppsbesparing i projektet beräknades till 2399 ton CO2e och möjliga utsläppsbesparingar för projektet beräknades till 750 ton CO2e. Jämfört med baseline-utsläpp uppnåddes en reducering på 32%. Totalt uppskattades poängtagning för CEEQUAL i avsnitten 7.2.1, 7.2.3, 7.3.1 samt 7.3.2 till mellan 66–125 poäng. Slutsatser som drogs ur studien var vikten av att redan från starten av bygg- och anläggningsprojekt börja tänka på miljö- och hållbarhetsfrågor och däribland produkt- och materialval. / Global warming and climate change have united the world. There is ongoing hard work to keep global temperature rise below 2 ° C. In the EU, the goal has been to be climate neutral by 2050 and, in Sweden, an ambitious goal has been set to achieve net-zero emissions by 2045. Because of this, the construction industry has also set a goal of being climate neutral by 2045. To achieve the goal all players in the industry must take their responsibility and find new, more environmentally friendly alternatives and solutions. The purpose of this study was to compile total amounts and emitted carbon dioxide equivalent for ten key products and materials used in the new extension of the Nya Krav Himmerfjärdsverket project carried out by Veidekke Entreprenad AB. Also, to identify more environmentally friendly alternatives to these products. Finally, the study investigated the possibility of scoring in sustainability certification CEEQUAL in sections 7.2.1, 7.2.3, 7.3.1 and 7.3.2. Quantity data was collected from procured agreements, current protocols, and the project's coordination model. GWP data was used as the basis for product emissions and were collected from product-specific EPDs.The results stated that the products that were linked to the largest emissions in the project were concrete, Multicem, concrete piles, rebar, and prefabricated concrete elements. It was found that emissions linked to concrete could be reduced by up to 26.7% using concrete with fly ash. Emissions savings that had been made in the project were estimated at 2399 tonnes of CO2e and possible emission savings for the project were estimated at 750 tonnes of CO2e. Compared to the baseline emissions, a total reduction of 32% was achieved. In total, scoring for CEEQUAL in sections 7.2.1, 7.2.3, 7.3.1 and 7.3.2 was estimated at between 66–125 points. Conclusions drawn from the study were the importance of starting to think about environmental and sustainability issues, including product and material choices, right from the start of construction and infrastructure projects.

The iron and steel industry has become increasingly globalised. Market conditions are also changing and de-carbonisation of production is challenging. The objective of this thesis is to assess how energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions reductions can be promoted and effectively monitored in the steel industry. The thesis contributes with analyses based on the Malmquist Productivity Index for a top-down analysis of the energy efficiency of EU Member States’ iron and steel production, and Partial Least Squares regression for bottom-up assessments of different monitoring tools. The thesis also contributes with a scrap availability assessment module to enhance the energy system model ETSAP-TIAM. The first phase of the research showed that future production needs to shift towards innovative low-CO2 technologies even when all available recycled material is fully used. Techniques using carbon capture and storage (CCS) as well as hydrogen-based technologies can be expected to become economically viable under tightened climate policies. The second phase of the research showed that current indicators are insufficient. System boundaries of energy use and emissions data do not align with production statistics. Indicators based on energy use or emissions in relation to production in physical terms may be useful to track specific processes. However, current indicators fail to reflect the companies’ product mix. Enhanced energy and climate indicators that adjust for the product mix provide better estimates while failing to reflect the increasing globalisation. Effective monitoring of industrial transformation will be increasingly important as pressure from climate policy via global CO2-pricing is unlikely in the short term. Current or enhanced indicators do not fully capture industrial transformation and are not recommended. Future research should focus on defining indicators to estimate energy use and emissions along industrial value chains in climate policy contexts. / Järn- och stålindustrin har blivit alltmer globaliserad. Marknadsvillkoren förändras samtidigt som utfasningen av fossila bränslen är utmanande. Målet med den här avhandlingen är att bedöma hur energieffektivitet och växthusgasutsläppsminskningar kan främjas och effektivt utvärderas inom stålindustrin. Avhandlingen bidrar med analyser baserade Malmquists produktivitetsindex för att analysera energieffektivitet av EU:s medlemsstaters järn- och stålproduktion, och partiell minsta- kvadrat-regression för att bedöma olika utvärderingsmått. Avhandlingen bidrar även med en modul som bedömer skrottillgång för att förbättra energisystemmodellen ETSAP-TIAM. I en första fas visade forskningen att framtida produktion behöver ställas om mot innovativa teknologier med låga CO2-utsläpp även när allt tillgängligt återvunnet material används fullt ut. Tekniker som använder koldioxidinfångning och -lagring (CCS) samt vätebaserade teknologier kan förväntas bli ekonomiskt försvarbara under åtstramade klimatpolitiska styrmedel. I en andra fas visade forskningen att nuvarande indikatorer är otillräckliga. Systemgränser för energianvändnings- och växthusgasutsläppsdata stämmer inte överens med produktionsstatistik. Indikatorer utifrån energianvändning eller utsläpp i relation till fysisk produktion kan vara användbara för att följa upp specifika processer. Nuvarande indikatorer lyckas dock inte spegla företagens produktmix. Förbättrade energi- och klimatindikatorer som justerar för produktmixen ger bättre uppskattningar, men speglar inte branschens ökande globalisering. Effektiv utvärdering av industriell transformation blir alltmer viktig då påtryckning från klimatpolitiska styrmedel via global CO2-prissättning är kortsiktigt osannolik. Nuvarande eller förbättrade indikatorer fångar inte industriell transformation fullt ut och rekommenderas inte. Framtida forskning bör fokusera på att definiera indikatorer som uppskattar energianvändning och växthusgasutsläpp längs industriella värdekedjor. / <p>QC 20170428</p>