Durante os anos de 1964 a 1985, o regime militar brasileiro combateu os militantes contrários ao governo instaurado. O movimento estudantil teve grande representação nas lutas políticas e sociais, nesse contexto, tornou-se importante nos quadros da oposição. O governo fez uso de diversos aparatos para conter a ação dos estudantes, tais como a instauração de processos judiciais contra manifestações estudantis consideradas subversivas. Este estudo pretende apresentar o perfil dos estudantes processados pelo regime militar, assim como o desempenho da acusação e da defesa nos julgamentos, com base em processos arquivados pelo Projeto Brasil Nunca Mais (BNM), que tratam da ação estudantil. O acervo do Projeto é composto pela duplicação e análise dos processos procedentes do Superior Tribunal Militar (STM), pertinentes aos anos de 1964 a 1979. A análise revelou que, aos olhos do Ministério Público, o estudante processado era subversivo e aliado a grupos de esquerda que pretendiam a derrubada do governo, ao passo que, para a defesa, era vítima da própria ingenuidade. Conforme o desempenho do procurador e do advogado, o juiz auditor determinava que o estudante era ou subversivo, ou um cidadão que poderia voltar a viver integrado de maneira construtiva na sociedade. / From 1964 until 1985, when Brazil remained under military control, political prisoners were detained by government to be sued and convicted. The student movement, during the military regime had great representation in the political struggles and became an important opposition against the military regime that took power in April 1964. This research intends to present the profile of the students sued for the military regime and how was the performance of the accusation and the defense in the judgments. This research is based mainly on the military court proceedings of actual trials, which were secretly photocopied by lawyers associated with the Catholic Church and analyzed by a team of researchers, the daring Project known as \"Brazil: Never Again\" (BNM). The project turned out public duplicate archives containing complete record of Brazils military courts. This was achieved by bringing together the most of official legal proceedings of practically the political cases tried in Brazilian military courts between April 1964 and March 1979, specifically those that reached the Supreme Military Court. The analysis of legal proceedings demonstrated that, according to the Public Military Ministrys point of view, the sued student was subversive and allied the leftist organizations to the resistance to that regime. On the other hand, the lawyer for the defense saw the student was a victim of its proper weakness. Depending on the performance of the accusation and the defense, the student could be judged either subversive or a citizen capable to live integrated in useful way in the society.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:23:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Helenize_Soares_Serres_Dissertacao.pdf: 3484562 bytes, checksum: 88002c9baa66e492e2cda09c5d34d5f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-10 / A study about the existing relations between the estancias (ranchs) and the pueblos (villages) in the Jesuitic mission s context. It is an attempt to understand how did those relations worked, in the specific case of the estancia of La Cruz, at the eastern bank of Uruguay river situated in the western border of the present time State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and the pueblo of La Cruz, at the westerns bank of the same river situated at the present time province of Corrientes, Argentina, in the period from 1629 to 1828. On the perspective of the colonial administration of the Spanish America and of the Roman Catholic Church, in this territory, was possible to understand and discuss the organization and the internal production of the whole Jesuitic Province of Paraguay and, especially, of the pueblo of La Cruz and its estancia. The relations of the pueblo of La Cruz with the charrua and minuano nations, in a territory allegedly belonged to the Spanish crown, were also referred, taking on account aspects applicable to the concepts of frontier, border, space and region. Equally was treated the role of the Jesuitic mission estancias in the territory of the so called Missões Orientais do Uruguai, with special attention to the estancia of La Cruz, in a period of many diplomatic issues between the two Iberic crowns, over quarrels which determinated approximation and estrangement with the indigenous population / O estudo trata das relações existentes entre as estâncias missioneiras e as reduções jesuíticas. Pretende-se compreender como se davam estas relações entre a estância de La Cruz, no lado oriental do rio Uruguai localizada na fronteira oeste do atual Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil; e a redução de La Cruz, do lado ocidental do mesmo rio, - localizada na fronteira leste da atual Província de Corrientes, Argentina, no período de 1629 a 1828. A partir da perspectiva da administração colonial da América espanhola e do papel da Igreja Católica Romana nesse território foi possível entender e discutir a organização e a produção interna de toda a Província Jesuítica do Paraguai e principalmente da redução de La Cruz e sua estância. As relações entre o povo da Cruz com grupos indígenas como as nações dos charruas e dos minuanos no espaço alegadamente pertencente à coroa Espanhola, também foram referidas, levando em conta aspectos aplicáveis aos conceitos de fronteira, limite, espaço e região. Igualmente foi tratado o papel das estâncias missioneiras no território das Missões Orientais do Uruguai, em especial a estância de La Cruz, em um período de várias discussões diplomáticas entre as coroas Ibéricas, sob disputas e conflitos que determinavam aproximação e distanciamento com a população indígena

This study has as main purpose to evaluate the influence of different color profiles on the cultivation related to temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration in the nutrient solution in the growing of rocket over two growing seasons in hydroponic system NFT. The experiment was conducted in the period of April to August 2012, in protected ambient counting with three production benches each comprised of eight profiles for the conduct of the plants evaluated, having four black and four white painted with plastic paint. The two colors of profile were arranged alternately and, to surround effect, a profile was installed on each edge of the bench. During the experiment, the temperature was recorded and the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the nutrient solution in the profiles three times per day, at 9:00, 15:00 and 21:00. In each reading recorded the temperature and concentration of oxygen at the beginning and end of two profiles of each color. For growth analysis, assessments were performed every four days in two growing seasons, autumn and winter, and the variables were evaluated: leaf dry matter, stem dry mass and root dry mass; plant height; root length; number of leaves and leaf area index. The results were analyzed separately and show that the different colors and profile stations modify the temperature and oxygen concentration of the nutrient solution. The black color profile increased the temperature of the circulating nutrient solution. Changes in temperature affected the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the nutrient solution. The different colors and seasons interfered with the growth of rocket. Plants grown in white profile showed higher leaf dry matter, stem dry mass and root dry mass, as well as increased root length and increased leaf area index. / O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de diferentes cores de perfis de cultivo sobre a temperatura e concentração de oxigênio dissolvido na solução nutritiva no cultivo de rúcula ao longo de duas estações de cultivo em sistema hidropônico NFT. O experimento foi realizado no período de abril a agosto de 2012, em ambiente protegido contando com três bancadas de produção cada qual composta por oito perfis para a condução das plantas avaliadas sendo, quatro de cor preta e quatro pintados com tinta plástica branca. As duas cores de perfil foram dispostas alternadamente e, para efeito de bordadura foi instalado um perfil em cada borda da bancada. Durante a condução do experimento, foi registrada a temperatura e concentração de oxigênio dissolvido na solução nutritiva nos perfis três vezes por dia, sendo às 9:00h, 15:00h e 21:00h. Em cada leitura registrava-se a temperatura e concentração de oxigênio no início e final de dois perfis de cada cor. Para a análise de crescimento, as avaliações foram realizadas a cada quatro dias em duas estações de cultivo, outono e inverno, e as variáveis avaliadas foram: massa de folha seca, massa de caule seco e massa de raiz seca; altura de planta; comprimento de raiz; número de folhas e índice de área foliar. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados separadamente e demonstram que as diferentes cores de perfil e estações do ano modificaram a temperatura e concentração de oxigênio da solução nutritiva. A cor preta do perfil aumentou temperatura da solução nutritiva circulante. Mudanças na temperatura influenciaram na concentração de oxigênio dissolvido na solução nutritiva. As diferentes cores de perfil e estações do ano interferiram no crescimento da rúcula. As plantas cultivadas no perfil branco apresentaram maior massa de folha seca, massa de caule seco e massa de raiz seca, bem como maior comprimento de raiz e maior índice de área foliar.

Our understanding of natural fire regimes in human-dominated landscapes is limited. Fire regimes operating in the pyrogenic ecosystems of Florida have been altered by fire suppression and fuel fragmentation. This is especially true of North Merritt Island, Florida, where human impacts have led to an incomplete knowledge of current fire regimes. We know that growing season fires frequently occurred within general return intervals and that many native terrestrial species require fire to remain viable. A 20-year plus period of fire suppression caused structural and compositional changes to vegetation/fuels that led to catastrophic fires and the decline of native species populations such as the Florida Scrub-Jay. Fire has been reintroduced as a means to reduce fuels and maintain habitat requirements for native species. Scientific studies have documented the effects and benefits of prescribed burning on KSC/MINWR habitat/fuels structure. The necessity for fire to maintain vegetation/fuels structure and composition on the landscape is clear so fire is being applied to the landscape despite our imperfect knowledge of the native fire regime. It is imperative for the survival of many native species that fire managers be able to mimic the results of the native fire regime. Fire regime research is difficult in shrublands, and using dendrochronologic techniques are often not possible in flatwoods communities. I therefore used a process of remote sensing, GIS mapping, and spatial modeling to quantify lightning fire ignition properties, the current managed fire regime, and the natural fire regime. Chapter one develops a new remote sensing technique to accurately map burned areas in Florida scrub and pine flatwoods dominated communities on Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, Canaveral National Seashore, and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. At the center of this technique is a newly developed separation index (SI) that was used to evaluate each individual satellite image band for its power to discriminate unburned and burned areas. Burned areas were classified and found to be highly accurate in relation to empirical fire records. This chapter addressed a number of issues relevant to the classification of burned areas including: the effect of geographic extent of remote sensing data on classification, determining the best bands for classification, and cleaning classification results by using GIS masking. It also serves as the first published effort to map fire scars in the Florida scrub and flatwoods vegetative communities of the southeastern U.S. using image processing techniques. Chapter two quantified a managed fire regime on John F. Kennedy Space Center, Florida and surrounding federal properties by mapping all fires between 1983 to 2005 using the image processing technique developed in chapter one, time series satellite imagery, and GIS techniques. The goals were to: (1) determine if an image processing technique designed for individual fire scar mapping could be applied to an image time series for mapping a managed fire regime in a rapid re-growth pyrogenic system; (2) develop a method for labeling mapped fire scar confidence knowing that a formal accuracy analysis was not possible; and (3) compare results of the managed fire regime with regional information on natural fire regimes to look for similarities/differences that might help optimize management for persistence of native fire-dependent species. The area burned by managed fire peaked when the drought index was low and was reduced when the drought index was high. This contrasts with the expectations regarding the natural fire regime of this region. Chapter three quantified the natural lightning ignition regime on Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, Canaveral National Seashore, and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. Lightning is the natural ignition source in Florida, substantiating the need for understanding lightning fire incidence. Sixteen years of lightning data (1986-2003, excluding 1987 and 2002 due to missing data) from the NASA Cloud to Ground Lightning Surveillance System and fire ignition records were used to quantify the relationship between lightning incidence and fire ignition. Precipitation influenced the efficiency of lightning ignitions, particularly July precipitation. Negative polarity strikes caused the majority of ignitions. Pine flatwoods was ignited more frequently than expected given equal chance of ignition among landcover types. About half (51%) of detected fires were instantaneous ignitions and the other 49% were delayed an average of two days. Summer lightning ignitions were dominant, especially during July, with only one winter lightning ignition. Chapter four used an existing fire regime model (HFire) to simulate the natural fire regime (prior to European settlement) on Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, Canaveral National Seashore, and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. A sensitivity analysis was performed to establish which parameters were most important and the range of variation surrounding empirically derived model information from the same model. A mosaic pattern of small fires dominated this fire regime with extremely large fires occurring during dry La Nina periods. Dead fuel moisture and wind speed had the largest influence on model outcome. The majority of variability was found to be in the largest fires. The research presenter here provides a comprehensive perspective on current and historic fire regimes that may be useful for optimizing land management on Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, Canaveral National Seashore, and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida and throughout the southeastern United States. Native fire dependent species are suffering from many changes imposed from human alteration. The success of conservation efforts protecting native fire dependent species hinge on my factors. Two of the largest factors are first protecting native habitat and then secondly managing that protected habitat to mimic natural maintenance processes for suitable structure and composition which may favor their demography. This study focuses on developing techniques necessary for producing information that can aid the optimization of fire management on these properties and within the southeastern United States, but may be useful in other fire maintained ecosystems globally.

<p dir="ltr">The accurate identification of flow regimes in multiphase flow systems is of paramount importance in many engineering applications. This thesis explores the significance of flow regime identification using neural networks, specifically employing a self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm. The focus of this research is on the determination of bubble void fraction probability density function (PDF) using local conductivity probe measurements. The thesis begins by providing an overview of the importance of flow regime identification in understanding and predicting the behavior of multiphase flows. Various flow regimes such as bubbly flow, slug flow, annular flow, and others, are discussed highlighting their distinct characteristics and implications for system performance. The self-organizing map is introduced as a powerful neural network technique capable of identifying and classifying different flow regimes based on input parameters obtained from local conductivity probe measurements. The SOM algorithm is explained in detail, emphasizing its ability to learn and adapt to complex patterns in the data. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, experimental measurements of local conductivity probe signals were conducted in a multiphase flow system. The obtained data was used to train and optimize a self-organizing map for flow regime identification. The bubble void fraction probability density function was calculated based on the local time-averaged void fraction measurements from the droplet-capable conductivity probe (DCCP-4). The analysis of the PDF provides valuable insights into the distribution and characteristics of bubbles within the multiphase flow system. These insights can enhance the understanding of bubble behavior, droplet behavior, interfacial phenomena and overall system performance. The thesis concludes with the classification results along with an error analysis conducted to highlight potential discrepancies in the tested results. Additionally, future research directions and potential improvements in the flow regime identification methodology are outlined.</p>

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近年來，中國大陸的威權政體轉型發展倍受矚目，尤其是台灣威權政體轉型至民主化過程的經驗能否借鑑於中國大陸，一直廣受學界的熱烈討論。本文採用結合宏觀的歷史結構理論與微觀的菁英策略抉擇論，提出影響政體轉型的因素有：經濟的發展、中產階級的崛起、外部因素、選舉的開放、統治者合法性危機的產生、菁英策略的互動抉擇，以及社會運動的發展等，來檢視台灣與中國大陸威權政體轉型發展的異同性。發現採用這些影響政體轉型的因素來探討台灣的政體轉型，是有利於台灣的政體轉型，亦驅動台灣的政體從威權轉型至民主。相對於中國大陸而言，雖然有這些政體轉型的因素產生，但是中國大陸政體發展至目前為止，仍然還沒完成其政體轉型，發現其結果乃是因為這些轉型的關鍵因素缺乏關鍵節點產生作用力，去驅動政體轉型，所以導致中國大陸有轉型的因素產生，卻沒有驅動其政體完成轉型。但是本文的研究結果仍然對於中國大陸的政體轉型抱持著樂觀的看法，尤其是中國大陸面對日漸增長的經濟發展，其政體的轉型是會採漸進發展的。並且在未來中國大陸如果能夠對於黨內民主的推行加強、提升選舉的競爭功能，以及減緩中共內部的權力鬥爭的改善，對於中國大陸的政體轉型是可以期待的。

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo aprofundar o regime jurídico disciplinar do servidor público temporário. Analisam-se as características principais dessa espécie de agente público que o diferenciam dos demais servidores e que justificam um regime disciplinar próprio. Em uma breve investigação sobre as prováveis origens do temporário, constata-se a presença desse servidor na Administração Pública brasileira desde 1823. No direito estrangeiro (particularmente, no direito francês e no direito português), verifica-se a existência de figuras assemelhadas ao servidor público temporário brasileiro, que é uma espécie de servidor público do gênero agente público, exercendo uma função pública, mas não ocupando nem cargo, nem emprego públicos, sendo contratado por tempo determinado para atender a necessidade temporária de excepcional interesse público. A Constituição Federal, em seu artigo 37, IX, indica que a lei estabelecerá os casos de contratação por tempo determinado, mas não há uma uniformidade entre os entes da federação sobre o regime jurídico adotado para o servidor temporário. Esta análise concentra-se na Lei Federal n.º 8.745/93, que disciplina o assunto. No âmbito federal, o servidor público temporário é dotado de um regime jurídico com características mais próximas do regime jurídico administrativo, sendo recrutado por meio de contrato administrativo assemelhado ao regime estatutário. Tal contratação deve pautar-se pela observância dos princípios da continuidade do serviço público, da moralidade, da impessoalidade, da razoabilidade, da proporcionalidade e da motivação. Focaliza-se a responsabilidade do servidor público temporário no âmbito administrativo, procurando-se demonstrar que tal servidor, por um princípio de equiparação, submete-se a um processo administrativo disciplinar para apuração de suas faltas, o qual cumpre prazos especiais e condições específicas em razão do vínculo temporário com a Administração Pública, em tudo sendo respeitado o devido processo legal, a ampla defesa e o contraditório. Analisam-se as diferenças entre o processo disciplinar do servidor temporário (sindicância) e o processo do servidor público em geral, os ritos adotados, os prazos, as penalidades e os recursos, constatando-se que o servidor público temporário responde pelos atos ilícitos em todas as esferas: penal, civil, administrativa e por atos de improbidade. A transitoriedade na função não o exime de responsabilidades, por isso, com as devidas adaptações, está sujeito aos ônus e bônus do serviço público. Daí a necessidade de construir, com base nas características próprias dessa espécie de servidor público, um regime adaptado às especificações do vínculo especial a que se submete o servidor público temporário. Propõe-se aqui um miniprocesso disciplinar ou um processo disciplinar especial, ou uma minissindicância ou uma sindicância especial, sui generis. / This paper examines at a deeper level the disciplinary legal regime of temporary public servants. Some particularities of this kind of public agent are analyzed in order to identify the main characteristics that differentiate them from other servers thus justifying its particular legal regime. From a brief history of its origin, the presence of temporary servers has been found in the Brazilian Public Administration since 1823. Based on the study of foreign laws, the existence of servants that resemble the Brazilian temporary public servant was detected particularly in French and Portuguese laws. The temporary public servant is a kind of public servant, a genre of public agent, who exercises a public function, but does not hold a public office and is not a public employee. This type of servant is hired for a specific time to meet a temporary professional demand of exceptional public interest. As indicated by Article 37, IX of the Brazilian Federal Constitution, a regulatory law must determine the cases of employment for a pre-determined term, and there is no uniformity among Brazilian States about the legal framework adopted for temporary public servants. This study is based on the Brazilian Federal Law number 8.745/93, which governs the matter. At federal level, temporary public servants are covered by a legal regime that is similar to the administrative legal regime. They are hired via an administrative contract that resembles the statutory regime. This contract shall be governed by the observance of the principles of public service continuity, morality, impartiality, reasonableness, proportionality and motivation. Public temporary servers are subject to the administrative proceedings and through the principle of assimilation are subject to disciplinary administrative proceedings to investigate their faults, under specific terms and conditions due to their temporary bond with the Public Administration. Such administrative proceedings, however, must follow the rules of the due legal process, namely the principle of unlimited right of defense and the adversary system. The differences between the disciplinary process of the temporary server (inquiry) and the process of public servants in general are analyzed, as well as the adopted rites, deadlines, penalties and appeals, noting that temporary public employees are liable for torts in all areas: criminal, civil, administrative and acts of misconduct. The transience function does not exempt temporary public servants from liability therefore, mutatis mutandis, they are subject to all rights and obligations of public service. Hence the need to build, based on the characteristics of this kind of public servant, a regime tailored to the specifications of the special bond that undergoes temporary public service. A disciplinary mini-process, or a special disciplinary proceeding, or a small inquiry, or a special sui generis inquiry is proposed herein.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcos Antonio Nepomuceno Feitosa.pdf: 798687 bytes, checksum: 06cd2ee0abb96c43331b9218f422e93d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-15 / This work treats about the constitutional limitations and presuppositions applied to the cumulative, non-cumulative and monophasic schemes of PIS and Cofins, from a review of the constitutional criteria pertaining to each scheme and the compatibility of the ordinary legislation with the standard of tax competence. To this end it was analyzed the concept of "revenue", of "non-cumulative" and of "section of the economical activity " adopted by the Constitution, that conflict with the used by the ordinary legislator, then pointing the main unconstitutionalities of each schemes in this work / O presente trabalho trata dos limites e pressupostos constitucionais aplicados aos regimes cumulativo, não cumulativo e monofásico do PIS e da Cofins, partindo de uma análise dos critérios constitucionais inerentes a cada um desses regimes e a compatibilidade da legislação ordinária com a norma de competência tributária. Para tanto, analisou-se o conceito de faturamento , de não cumulatividade e de setor da atividade econômica adotado pela Constituição, conflitando com o empregado pelo legislador ordinário, apontando em seguida as principais inconstitucionalidades de cada um dos regimes abordados neste trabalho

Univ., Diss. u.d.T.: Zangl, Bernhard: Die Entwicklung internationaler Regime auf zwei Ebenen--Bremen, 1998. / Literaturverz. S. 307 - 326.