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Pulmonary sanatoriums are facilities where efficient and useful therapy for patients suffering from respiratory diseases is provided. They use treatments including the methods of climatotherapy, drinking cures or inhalation therapies. Diseases such as asthma bronchiale, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, various forms of pneumonia, lung cancer and also tuberculosis are cured here. Just the tuberculosis treatment regimen is so specific that the research part of this thesis is devoted mainly to this phenomenon. Currently, tuberculosis represents a large medical problem in our country. Although the number of cases in the last decade has decreased, today it remains a serious medical and social problem with a huge economic effect on the entire society. The epidemiological situation is deteriorating on the global scale. The main causes of this deterioration are AIDS, the influx of refugees and immigrants from various risky countries, an increase in adherence to drug abuse and failure to keep to treatment measures. According to the WHO, two billion people are infected with tuberculosis globally. The urgency of this topic is seen in the fact that despite all measures, over 3 million people die of this disease globally and 90% of this number die in developing countries. This thesis is focused on the importance of pulmonary sanatoriums and also on the mapping of intensity of nursing care in particular pulmonary sanatoriums. To a great extent, the thesis deals with the issue of the specific needs of patients and the method of providing nursing care. The thesis describes individual facilities in the Czech Republic and their importance. It also deals with the specifics of nursing care for individual pulmonary diseases and goes into detail about provision of care at isolated units for patients with tuberculosis. It also deals with the holistic approach to the patient and multicultural nursing. A great part of the thesis is devoted to the needs of patients, and changes in their role in the sanatorium. The objective of this master´s thesis was to outline the difficulty of nursing care in specialized pulmonary sanatoriums and find the specific needs of patients in these facilities. Another objective was to discover the role of the nurse in provision of care and outline differences between individual facilities. All these objectives have been performed. Four research questions were set at the beginning of the research. The first research question dealt with how nursing care in pulmonary facilities is provided. The second research question was focused on finding the specific needs of patients in these facilities. The third research question dealt with the role of the nurse in providing care for patients in specialized pulmonary sanatoriums. And the last research question focused on differences between the individual sanatoriums. The practical part of the thesis contains the results of qualitative research gathered on the basis of a semi-structured interview. Final interviews were recorded, transcribed and subsequently processed by the technique of open coding. The research file consisted of 6 nurses working in pulmonary sanatoriums and 5 patients hospitalized with tuberculosis. Based on the information acquired, the patients perceive isolation units as a very simple and depressing place, where they miss contacts with their closest. The stay in the isolation unit is a shock for them. Foreigners complain of the language barrier. Nurses regard the nursing care as very demanding. They must care for patients with various diagnoses and provide multicultural care with respect to the national and cultural specifics of patients. Based on the results found, an information brochure was created, and this can help as a source of information for hospitalized patients in sanatoriums. Furthermore, the results of this thesis will be presented to individual sanatoriums for the purpose of making changes related to their equipment.

Orientador: João Batista Kochenborger Fernandes / Banca: Carlo Rossi Del Carratore / Banca: Marta Verardino de Stefani / Resumo: O Betta splendens é um dos peixes mais belos e populares entre aquaristas de todo o mundo e sua reprodução, assim como de outras espécies, é afetada por fatores ambientais como a temperatura e fotoperíodo. Este trabalho investigou o efeito de diferentes fotoperíodos (24L (luz):0E (escuro), 20L:4E, 16L:8E, 12L:12E e 8L:16E) na reprodução de B. splendens. Os resultados mostraram que a frequência de desovas foi significativamente maior em casais mantidos sob 16L:8E e 12L:12E, em comparação aos outros tratamentos. Os maiores valores para número de ovos por desova foram obtidos sob 16L:8E (544,76 ± 375,23) e 12L:12E (471,13±261,52) e os menores valores foram detectados para 24L:0E (128,55 ± 58,14) e 20L:4E (187,87 ± 103,84). Fertilidade e fecundidade também apresentaram valores médios significativamente maiores em 16L:8E e 12L:12E quando comparados aos tratamentos 24L:0E e 20L:4E. Os reprodutores mantidos sob o tratamento 8L:16E apresentaram valores intermediários ao outros tratamentos. O volume dos ovos e o espaço perivitelínico foram significativamente maiores naqueles tratamentos que apresentaram menores números de ovos por desovas, enquanto o volume do vitelo não apresentou diferenças significativas. Outras variáveis como ganho de peso e fator de condição (K) dos reprodutores não diferiram estatisticamente. O comprimento final variou de acordo com o fotoperíodo e o sexo. Os resultados demonstraram a importância do fotoperíodo sobre a reprodução do B. splendens, sendo o melhor desempenho reprodutivo obtido quando os peixes foram submetidos a fotoperíodos que mais se aproximam daqueles que ocorrem no verão e primavera (16L:8E e 12L:12E), coincidindo com as melhores estações para sua reprodução / Abstract: The Siamese Fighting Fish is one of the most beautiful and popular fish among aquarists of whole world and his reproduction, just like other species, is affected by environmental factors such temperature and photoperiod. This study investigated the effect of different photoperiods (24L (light):0D (dark), 20L:4D, 16L:8D, 12L:12D and 8L:16D) over B. splendens reproduction. The results showed that breeding frequency was significantly higher in couples reared under 16L:8D and 12L:12D, in comparison to other treatments. The highest values for number of eggs per spawn was obtained under 16L:8D (544,76 ± 375,23 ) and 12L:12D (471,13 ± 261,52) and the lowest values were detected for 24L:0D (128,55 ± 58,14 ) and 20L:4D (187,87 ± 103,84). Fertility and fecundity also showed significantly higher average values in 16L:8D and 12L:12D when compared to 24L:0D and 20L:4D treatments. Breeders maintained under 8L:16D treatment presented intermediate values similar to other treatments. Egg volume and perivitelline space was significantly higher in those treatments that showed the lowest numbers of eggs per spawn, while the vitelline volume don't showed significantly differences. Other variables like weight gain and condition factor (K) of breeders, were not statistically different. Moreover, the final length varies according to photoperiod and sex. These results demonstrated a key role for the photoperiod upon B. splendens reproduction, the best reproductive performance being achieved under the photoperiods that best approached those that occurs in summer and spring (16L:8D and 12L:12D), coinciding with their best seasons for reproduction / Mestre

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo central analisar o Sistema Penitenciário do Estado do Rio de Janeiro a partir do regime semi-aberto, tendo como campo de análise o Instituto Penal Oscar Stevenson, situado em Benfica, no município do Rio de Janeiro, voltado para um público carcerário feminino. Buscou-se verificar, sob o enfoque das presas, a expectativa e possibilidades de retorno ao convívio social; analisar os aspectos jurídico-institucionais referentes ao regime semi-aberto, no que tange a obtenção dos benefícios, junto a Lei de Execução Penal e identificar quais as parcerias que viabilizam a inserção delas no mercado de trabalho. Para a efetivação desse trabalho utilizou-se, preferencialmente os pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da pesquisa quali-quantitativa, pois foi trabalhado não só no nível da objetividade, mas também no significado das ações e relações humanas, sabendo que a realidade prisional é perpassada por questões de cunho opressor, punitivo, em função de preconizar a segurança. Foram realizados também levantamentos de dados bibliográficos e censitários, bem como entrevistas semi-estruturadas junto aos agentes penitenciários do setor de educação e classificação e principalmente as presas. A análise do material coletado permitiu confirmar as hipóteses da pesquisa: i) que a ausência de oportunidades que garantam às presas os benefícios do regime semi-aberto não se dá por falta de instrumentos legais, mas sim pela burocracia no cadastramento e poucas parcerias de cursos profissionalizantes, empresas privadas que absorvam mão-de-obra das presas do regime semi-aberto; e ii) e que no momento em que as presas ainda estavam no regime fechado, não tiveram oportunidades de se capacitarem e também os vínculos familiares não foram mantidos, com isso dificultando que estas usufruam dos benefícios do regime semi-aberto. E, conseqüentemente, sendo cada vez mais adiado o seu retorno gradativo ao convívio social, através da progressão de regime. / The present work has as objective central office to analyze the Penitentiary System of the State of Rio De Janeiro from the half-open regimen, having as analysis field the Criminal Institute Oscar Stevenson, situated in Benfica, in the city of Rio De Janeiro, come back toward a feminine jail public. One searched to verify, under the approach of the canine tooth, the expectation and possibilities of return to the social conviviality; to analyze the referring legal-institutional aspects to the half-open regimen, in what it refers to the attainment of the benefits, next to Law of Criminal Execution and to identify to which the partnerships that make possible the insertion of them in the work market. For the efetivação of this work it was used, preferential the estimated theoreticians and methodological of the quail-quantitative research, therefore it was worked not alone in the level of the objectivity, but also in the meaning of the actions and relations human beings, knowing that the prison reality is purposed by questions of oppressing matrix, punitive, in function to praise the security. Bibliographical and tax data-collectings had also been carried through, as well as interviews half-structuralized next to the penitentiary agents of the sector of education and classification and mainly the canine tooth. The analysis of the collected material allowed to confirm the hypotheses of the research: i) that the absence of chances that guarantee to the canine tooth the benefits of the half-open regimen not if of the one due to legal instruments, but yes for the bureaucracy in the cadastre and few partnerships of professionalizing courses, private companies who absorb man power of the canine tooth of the half-open regimen; e II) and that at the moment where the canine tooth still was in the closed regimen, they had not had chances of if to enable and the familiar bonds had also not been kept, with this making it difficult that these usufruct of the benefits of the half-open regimen. E, consequently, being each time more postponed its gradual return to the social conviviality, through the regimen progression.

Rules, bans, restrictions in healthcare facilities Improving the quality of care for patients is the main goal of every healthcare facility. Satisfaction of patients with medical and nursing care is one of the indicators of quality. Patients have not only rights but also duties. Among other things, patients{\crq} duties include compliance with rules, bans and restrictions during a visit to healthcare facilities. This particularly concerns compliance with therapeutic rules, instructions given by a physician and other limitations associated with the operation of a healthcare facility. The main objective of this diploma thesis was to identify the patients{\crq} attitude and perception of rules, bans, and restrictions, find out how patients observe them and compare the number of rules, bans and restrictions in both outpatient and inpatient healthcare facilities. The data was collected in a survey undertaken in Nemocnice s poliklinikou Praha Italská (Hospital with Outpatient Clinic Prague Italska). This healthcare facility has 2 hospital wards and 31 specialist outpatient departments. A total of 188 respondents took part in the survey (102 outpatients and 86 inpatients). Five hypotheses were proposed. The first hypothesis, which predicted that most patients would perceive rules, bans and restrictions as burden, was not confirmed. The second hypothesis, which predicted that rules, bans and restrictions that were personal would create more stress in female patients than in male patients, was confirmed. The third hypothesis was also confirmed since female patients from outpatient departments of the healthcare facility were shown to be more compliant with rules, bans and restrictions than male patients. Female inpatients from hospital wards of the healthcare facility were not more compliant with rules, bans and restrictions than male inpatients. The fourth hypothesis was not therefore confirmed. Our assumption that inpatients from hospital wards of the healthcare facility are facing more rules, bans and restrictions than outpatients was disproved. The fifth hypothesis was not therefore confirmed. The author has chosen this topic for her diploma thesis because as a nurse she meets different kinds of patients on a daily basis who react differently to rules, bans and restrictions in this healthcare facility. The results of the survey led us to design training classes for nurses and information brochures for patients who visit healthcare facilities. A sufficient amount of information is a basic prerequisite for understanding and complying with rules, bans and restrictions.

A presente pesquisa aborda diferentes manifestações discursivas verificadas em um segmento da imprensa escrita brasileira nos processos de preparação das seleções brasileira ao longo dos anos delimitados pelas Copas do Mundo de 1950 e 1966. Nesse contexto, procuramos perquirir a emergência dos saberes associados à autoridade do médico da CBD e sua determinante correlação na autorização e assentamento de novas expertises acionadas com o intento de maximizar a eficiência atlética dos jogadores de futebol. Procuramos investigar de quais modos se manifestam alguns aspectos relacionados à afamada modernização da gestão inaugurada pela chegada de João Havelange à presidência da CBD, em 1958 e, dessa forma, como se encadeiam permanências e rupturas no âmbito das questões técnicas atinentes ao preparo dos futebolistas. O período aqui enfocado contempla os processos seminais de especialização do condicionamento físico dos jogadores, da submissão dos futebolistas a uma verdadeira plêiade de especialidades médicas, incluindo a preparação psicológica, e, por conseguinte, da afirmação de um regime de economia de poder e controle centrados no corpo dos sujeitos jogadores de futebol / This research deals with the different discursive expressions found in a segment of the Brazilian press during the preparations of the Brazilian national soccer team for the World Cups from 1950 to 1966. In this context, we aimed to investigate the emergence of a discourse of expertise among physicians of the Brazilian Sports Confederation (CBD) and their role in the authorization and implementation of new techniques intended to maximize the athletic efficiency of Brazilian footballers. We explored the ways in which some aspects of this process were related to the famous modernization of football management inaugurated by the arrival of João Havelange to the presidency of the CBD in 1958 and the subsequent consequences for continuities and discontinuities in technical questions related to the athletic preparation of players. During this period, the preparation of players on the national team involved initial specialized physical conditioning and the submission of players to a veritable host of medical specialties, including psychological preparation. As a result, this process contributed to the construction of a regime of power and control centered on the bodies of the footballers

Tittle: Motion regimen of pupils at the first grade of elementary school in conditions of a concrete school Author: Bc. Michaela Srchová Department: Department of physical training Supervisor: Mgr. Věra Kuhnová, Department of physical training at Charles University in Prague, M. D. Rettigové 4, 116 39 Prague 1 Supervisor's email adress: vera.kuhnova@pedf.cuni.cz Abstract: In my diploma thesis I deal with physical activity of primary school children and their motion regimen during the classes. I observe the concrete class. I choose the class 3. E from primary school in Prague - Radotin for my observation. I study a motion regimen at breaks in the school. Than I evaluate if the motion regimen is satisfactory for children from 3. E. Finally, I suggest activities that can enrich the school day of pupils. Key words: Motion regimen, motion activities, pupil, first grade, elementary school

La rage entraîne plus de 60,000 décès par an dans le Monde, dont 800 au Cambodge, pays fortement endémique pour la rage canine.La mort survient dans près de 100% des cas de rage, maladie évitable dans presque 100% des cas par l’accès à une prophylaxie post-exposition (PPE) antirabique adéquate et en temps utile. L’amélioration de l’accès à une PPE dans les zones rurales des pays endémiques permettra d’épargner des vies humaines à court terme. Cette thèse en épidémiologie a tiré parti des données collectées auprès des patients consultant au centre antirabique et les chiens testés à l’Institut Pasteur du Cambodge (IPC), Phnom Penh. Suite à un bilan épidémiologique de la situation et des obstacles auxquels sont confrontés les patients cherchant à accéder à la PPE adéquate et en temps utile, elle vise à contribuer à améliorer 1/ l’accès géographique et 2/ l’accès financier à une PPE pour les populations rurales du Cambodge. Nous avons développé une stratégie originale d’identification des poches de populations à haut risque d’incomplétude vaccinale après une exposition potentielle à la rage. Ceci devrait permettre d’améliorer l’accès géographique à la PPE et se concrétiser par l’ouverture en Juillet 2018 d’un centre périphérique de prévention de la rage dans l’Ouest du Cambodge. Cette stratégie d’identification de difficultés d’accès aux soins est applicable à d’autres thématiques de santé, sous certaines conditions. Notre rappel des patients et l’analyse des décès par rage parmi les patients n’ayant pas complété de leur propre chef le protocole PPE de 4 sessions intradermales sur 1 mois ne permettent pas de mettre en évidence une différence de mortalité par rage parmi les patients n’ayant reçu que 3 sessions sur 1 semaine, par rapport à au moins 4 sessions/1mois. Le raccourcissement du protocole à 1 semaine permet de réduire les coûts directs et indirects et l’absence de revenus pendant la durée du traitement en capitale. La mise en place de ce protocole doit s’accompagner d’un suivi d’au moins 6 mois des patients après leur prise en charge initiale. L’ensemble de ces travaux a des implications qui dépassent le cadre du Cambodge: Dans ses recommandations d’Avril 2018, l’OMS recommande désormais ce nouveau protocole IPC– le premier protocole PPE antirabique abrégé à 1 semaine. / Rabies causes more than 60,000 deaths worldwide each year, including 800 in Cambodia, where canine-mediated rabies virus circulates. Death occurs in nearly 100% of rabies cases, a disease which is nearly 100% avoidable by timely and adequate rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Improving access to PEP in rural areas of endemic countries will spare human lives in the short term. This epidemiology PhD used the data collected in patients referred to the rabies prevention clinic and tested dogs at Institut Pasteur du Cambodge (IPC), Phnom Penh. After a baseline assessment of access to and obstacles to access timely and adequate PEP in Cambodia, this PhD aims to contribute to improving: 1/ geographical access and 2/ financial access to PEP for rural populations in Cambodia. We developed an original strategy to identify populations with a high risk of PEP noncompletion after a bite by a potentially rabid dog. This should help improve geographical access to PEP following the implementation in July 2018 of a peripheral rabies prevention center in Western Cambodia. This strategy can be applied to identify difficulties in accessing health services relevant to other health issues, under certain conditions. After patient callback and analysis of rabies deaths among those who did and did not complete the 4-sessions/1-month intradermal PEP regimen of their own accord, we were unable to demonstrate a difference in rabies mortality among patients who only received 3 vaccine sessions over the first week compared to those receiving at least 4 sessions/one month. Abridging the protocol to one week would reduce direct and indirect costs and the loss of income during PEP in the Capital. The adoption of this abridged regimen must be associated with a strengthened clinical monitoring system for at least 6 months following patients’ initial PEP.The work presented in this PhD has implications which reach beyond Cambodia: WHO recommends this new IPC regimen – the first approved one-week, abridged rabies PEP regimen – in its April 2018 guidelines.

In addition to cancelations and delays of needed surgical procedures, serious or fatal complications can occur when patients with low health literacy do not comply with preoperative instructions. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to provide more insight about ways to decrease on cancelled and delayed surgical procedures in low health literacy patients' due to noncompliance with preoperative fasting instructions. The project was informed by the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance model (King, D. K., Glasgow, R. E., and Leeman-Castillo, B. (2010). The project question centered on whether health literate preoperative fasting instructions could decrease cancellations and delays of surgical procedures in low health literate patients. The project setting was conducted at a doctor's office. Interventions and changes to the preoperative instruction sheet were evaluated by using the preoperative communication checklist (POCC) which was developed for this project study. A 3-month pre-post POCC intervention design was used to evaluate changes in the numbers of cancelled and delayed surgical cases among 30 low health literate patients at a local community physician's office. The Newest Vital Sign which is a health literacy skill level assessment tool developed by Pfizer (2012), was used to assess patient health literacy. 30 (13 women and 17 men) who were aged 17-75 were enrolled. Pre-intervention, the and cancellation rate was 16.67%. Post intervention, there was a zero percent cancellation rate. This project has potential to produce positive social change by empowering patients with health literacy instructions for better understanding of what is being asked of them when having surgical procedures. This knowledge may result in better patient outcomes.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease affecting millions of people worldwide. The degenerative changes caused by diabetes can, however, be controlled through the correct treatment. The outcome of diabetes mellitus depends mainly on the patient's self-management. Health professionals therefore have a major responsibility to assist patients to acquire the essential knowledge, skills and attitudes for self-management. The purpose of this study was to identify diabetic patients and family members' knowledge and views about diabetes mellitus and its treatment regimen. A quantitative descriptive survey design was used. Questionnaires were used to collect data from a convenient sample of diabetic patients and family members. Data was analysed by a computer program called Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Findings revealed that patients and family members lack adequate knowledge on diabetes mellitus and its treatment. Recommendations regarding the required information and assistance to be given to diabetic patients and their family members were formulated. / Health Studies / (MA (Health Studies))