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Termodinâmica violando a invariância de Lorentz pela teoria de campos efetiva no regime ultravioleta e aplicações.SANTOS, Wagner Oliveira dos. 05 November 2018 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-08-09 / Capes / Nesta dissertação consideramos a proposta de modificação dos setores do fóton e
do férmion via à teoria de campos efetiva de Myers-Pospelov. Esta abordagem tem
como principal característica a violação da simetria de Lorentz através da introdução
de operadores de altas ordens derivativas de dimensão-5 e campos constantes. Consequentemente,a quebra desta importante simetria conduz a relações de dispersão
que sondam efeitos na escala de energia de Planck, onde efeitos da gravidade quântica
devem ser relevantes. Isso nos motiva a estudar as possíveis consequências destas relações de dispersão modificadas no comportamento termodinâmico de gases compostos por fótons ou férmions. Será mostrado que a violação da simetria de Lorentz pode ser interpretada como uma pseudo-interação repulsiva ou atrativa entre as partículas. Mostraremos também, por exemplo, que a relação de dispersão modificada do fóton, implica em um aumento da entropia do sistema, isto é, a quebra da simetria de Lorentz pode conduzir a um aumento no número de estados acessíveis do sistema. Além disso, aplicamos as propriedades destes gases a radiação de corpo negro e a dinâmica estelar de anãs brancas no modelo de Chandrasekhar. / In this dissertation, we consider a proposal which modifies the gauge and fermion
sectors via Myers-Pospelov effective field theory. The main feature of this approach
is the Lorentz symmetry violation through the introduction of higher-derivatives operators
of dimension-5 and constant fields. Hence, breaking this important symmetry
leads to dispersion relations probing effects in the Planck energy scale, that in turn,
sets the limit for which the quantum description of space-time becomes to be relevant.
It motivate us to study the possible implications of these modified dispersion relations
on thermodynamic behavior of photons and fermions gases. It will be shown that
the breakdown of Lorentz invariance can be interpreted as a repulsive or attractive
pseudo-interaction among the particles. Additionally, for instance, it will be shown
that the presence of a deformed dispersion relation for photons entails an increase in
the entropy of the system, e.g., the Lorentz symmetry violation may lead to an increase
in the number of microstates available to the system. In addition, we apply the properties
of these gases to black body radiation and stellar dynamics of white dwarfs in the
Chandrasekhar model.
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Hodnocení nutriční kvality školních obědů a sledování stravovacích návyků a jejich změn u dětí ve věkové kategorii sedm až dvanáct let / Nutritional quality evaluation of school dinners and monitoring of food habits and their changes at children in age category seven till twelve yearsHLAVATÝ, Miroslav January 2011 (has links)
The diploma paper aims to appraise the composition of menu offered to pupils aged seven to twelve attending the Elementary School (ES) based in Suché Vrbné, a quarter of České Budějovice. The menu was assessed for its contents of macronutrients and a range of chosen micronutrients considered to meet nutritional demands of school children. The research covered 64 examinees (of both sexes) from the second, fourth and sixth grades, and was organized as a test of their dietary habits and physical a tivities. The paper deals with: -Nutritional quality of school lunches; -Weights and statures of children from the relevant grades measured at the beginning and the end of the appraised span of time, with the observed changes evaluated; -Average cost spent to prepare one lunch; -Variety of the food and the numbers of specific dishes taken in a month; -Adherence to the recommended alimentary basket; -Weights of the different components of lunches; -Nutritional test designed to examine dietary habits and physical activities of c ildren aged 7 to 12; -Changes in the diet of children moving up to the senior stage of the Elementary School; -Formulating hypotheses focused on drinking regimen, Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical activities. Percentage of nutrients derived from lunch, represent the proportion of recommended daily intake for the day. The ideal figure of 35 % of the recommended daily energy intake was achieved only in girls of the 4th grade. The other categories of boys and girls ranged between 5 % and 9 %. As regards proteins, these were supplied in the above-the-limit quantities to the 2nd and 4th graders, while the 6th graders received 79,65 % to 82% of the recommended daily intake. Fats kept at the optimal level of 30 % to 35 %. Saccharides stayed at the low level of 19 % to 24,69 % for the entire time of monitoring. Fiber was found to maintain the acceptable level of 29 % to 37,41 %. As regards the macroelements, calcium supply was insufficient - at 15,0 % to 18,46 % only a small portion of what is desirable. Magnesium intake was at 41,86 % to 59,1 %. Potassium reached on average 53,6 % to 59,66 %. As to microelements, iron was supplied at 42,37 % to 48,91 %; zinc at 41,15 % to 52,91 %; selenium at 59,1 % to 175,21 %. Vitamin A reached 60,78% to 89,23 %; vitamin E was at 38,66 % to 55.1%, and vitamin C at 58,81 % to 66,0 %. Vitamin B6 was supplied in the quantity of 38,50 % o 47,83 %. Vitamins B6 and B12 were supplied in above-the-standard quantities for the whole monitored period. Measurements of weights and statures were related to the age and then used to calculated the BMI - thus one 2nd grade girl was found overweight and one boy and another girl of the same grade were found obese. Pupils of the 4th grade kept within the optimal figures. In the 6th grade two girls and four boys registered overweight. Expressed in percentages, the research has showed that in the 7 to 12 age bracket 3.2% of children were obese and 9.15 overweight. The average cost of lunch preparation was 42 CZK. The numbers of specific dishes were revealed inadequate for pulses and fish. The share of fruit was duly met while vegetables were insufficient. Low was observed also the proportion of milk and sweet & meatless dishes. Conversely, the frequency of dishes made of chicken and pork was excessive. Yeast and pulse soups were served optimally, as suggested by the Ministry of Health. Inspection carried out in view of the alimentary basket specified in Decree 107/2005 disclosed these values as average for the entire period of interest: meat 92,9 %; fish 69,4%; milk 54.8 %; milk products 72.9 %. Fats were supplied at the level of 69,3 %; sugar 46 %; vegetables 59.9%; fruit 124%; potatoes 87,4 %; and pulses 54,4 %.
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Vergleich von zwei Protokollen zur Durchführung eines Fastentages zur Überprüfung der basalen Insulinsubstitution bei Typ-1-Diabetes: Konsequentes Fasten im Vergleich zur Erlaubnis einer Kost mit vernachlässigbarem Kohlenhydrat- und Kaloriengehalt / Comparison of basal rate tests (24-hour fasts) performed in type-1-diabetic subjects with either absolute fasting or snacks containing negligible carbohydrate amountsHaase, Maike 20 March 2018 (has links)
No description available.
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Análise experimental das medidas de pressão em regime não-estacionário em um perfil de aerofólio NACA0012 / Experimental analysis of the measures of pressures in unsteady regimen in a profile of airfoil NACA0012Ana Paula Franco Bueno 29 October 2007 (has links)
As estruturas aeronáuticas estão sujeitas a diversas solicitações, devido principalmente às interações com o escoamento aerodinâmico, que podem causar distúrbios e vibrações, comprometendo seu desempenho. As medidas aerodinâmicas aplicadas em uma aeronave podem ser obtidas por simulações computacionais ou testes experimentais. No entanto, podem existir imperfeições na simulação computacional, como por exemplo, se conseguir reproduzir algumas condições de vôo real. Sendo assim, diversas pesquisas vêm sendo realizadas para solucionar estes problemas. Dentre elas estão os testes experimentais feitos em túnel de vento com modelos de escala real em diversas condições de vôo. Desta forma, a construção de um modelo físico de um aerofólio em escala reduzida e a implementação de sensores a este modelo torna-se uma ferramenta bastante importante para validar resultados teóricos e experimentais. Assim, nesse trabalho realizou-se a construção de um modelo de aerofólio NACA0012, o desenvolvimento de um mecanismo de fixação do modelo ao túnel de vento e a implementação de um controlador de oscilação forçada. O modelo físico realiza oscilações harmônicas, em regime não-estacionário. O objetivo do trabalho foi mapear as medidas de pressão atuantes sobre modelo ensaiado em regime estacionário e não-estacionário e fazer a comparação entre os dois casos. / Aeronautical structures are affected by many loads, most of them given by the aerodynamic flow interactions. These flow interactions may cause vibration leading to structural failure, such as cracks and fatigue. The aerodynamic flow interactions can be measured by experiment or predicted by computational simulation. Otherwise, computational simulations on its own are not reliable and can not reproduce a real flight condition, such as the mean atmospheric turbulence dynamic. Many researches has been done to solve these problems for computational simulations. One of them are the wind tunnel experiments with a full scale models in many flight conditions for posterior comparison. For a smaller wind tunnel, a small scale physical prototype well instrumented becomes an important solution to validate theoretical and experimental results. In the present work the construction of a NACA 0012 airfoil model, the development of a constraint mechanism and the implementation of a forced oscilation control system were done. The physical model oscilates with a given frequency. The aim of present work is to map the pressure measurements actuating on the model, testing it under a steady state condition and a transient condition for posterior comparison of both conditions.
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Complexidade da farmacoterapia: perfil farmacoterapêutico e desfechos associados / Medication regimen complexity: pharmacoterapeutical profile and associated outcomesConceição, Vanessa Alves da 21 February 2018 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Introduction. Aging favors the appearance of propitious clinical conditions to a high use of medicines, a reality in the elderly over 65 years of age. However, the number of medicines used should not be the only predictor of a medication regimen complexity, other factors may increase the complexity of pharmacotherapy leading to possible problems related to pharmacotherapy. In this perspective, there are few national studies that evaluate the medication regimen complexity in the elderly, especially those that evaluate outcomes influenced by this complexity, so as to allow interventions for its optimization. Thus, the objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the pharmacotherapeutic profile and the health outcomes associated with the medication regimen complexity. Methods. This study was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, a descriptive cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the medication regimen complexity of elderly patients in three long-term care facilities using the Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI). This study was conducted for 12 months in three long-term care facilities in the state of Sergipe. In the second stage, a systematic review was performed to identify in the literature which outcomes were influenced by the medication regimen complexity, using the MRCI. We analyzed all study designs published until February 2017 who met the following eligibility criteria: using the MRCI instrument to measure the medication regimen complexity, assessing the medication regimen complexity for global regimens, related the medication regimen complexity with clinical and/or humanistic and/or economic outcome, was written in English, Spanish or Portuguese. Results. In the first stage, the evaluation of the medication regimen complexity obtained an average of 15.1 points (± 9.8), with a minimum of two and a maximum of 59 points. The highest levels of complexity were associated with the dose frequency, with a mean of 5.5 (± 3.6) points. A significant relationship between the medication regimen complexity and the variables polypharmacy, drug interaction, drug potentially inappropriate for the elderly and therapeutic duplicity was found (p <0.001). In the second stage, of the 610 studies evaluated, 20 met the eligibility criteria. The health outcomes most influenced by the medication regimen complexity were the clinical outcomes: hospitalization, hospital readmission and adherence to pharmacotherapy, most of the studies presented satisfactory results to association the outcomes with the complexity and obtained good methodological quality. Conclusion. This dissertation made it possible to evaluate the pharmacotherapeutic profile of elderly patients, showed that besides polypharmacy, potential drug interaction, therapeutic duplicity and potentially inappropriate medicines for the elderly are risk factors for the increased medication regimen complexity in these patients. Furthermore, identified that the health outcomes most influenced by the medication regimen complexity were ones clinical: hospitalization, hospital readmission and adherence to the pharmacotherapy. / Introdução. O envelhecimento favorece o aparecimento de condições clínicas propícias para o elevado uso de medicamentos, observado principalmente em pacientes acima de 65 anos de idade. Entretanto, o número de medicamentos utilizados não deve ser o único preditor de uma farmacoterapia complexa, pois outros fatores podem elevar a complexidade, conduzindo a possíveis problemas relacionados à farmacoterapia. Nesta perspectiva, são escassos os estudos nacionais que avaliam a complexidade da farmacoterapia em idosos, principalmente os que analisam desfechos influenciados por essa complexidade, de modo a permitir intervenções para sua otimização. Assim, o objetivo desta dissertação foi avaliar o perfil farmacoterapêutico e os desfechos em saúde associados à complexidade da farmacoterapia. Metodologia. Este estudo foi realizado em duas etapas. Na primeira, foi realizado um estudo transversal descritivo para avaliar a complexidade da farmacoterapia de idosos atendidos em três instituições de longa permanência para idosos (ILPIs), por meio do instrumento Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI). Este estudo foi conduzido por 12 meses em três instituições no Estado de Sergipe. Na segunda etapa, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática, a fim de identificar, na literatura, quais desfechos estão associados à complexidade da farmacoterapia, medida pelo instrumento MRCI. Foram analisados todos os delineamentos de estudos publicados até fevereiro de 2017 que atenderam aos seguintes critérios de elegibilidade: usar o instrumento MRCI para medir a complexidade da farmacoterapia; avaliar a complexidade da farmacoterapia para os regimes globais dos pacientes; e relacionar a complexidade da farmacoterapia com desfechos clínicos e/ou humanísticos e/ou econômicos, publicados em inglês, espanhol ou português. Resultados. Na primeira etapa, a avaliação da complexidade da farmacoterapia obteve média de 15,1 pontos (± 9,8), com mínimo de dois e máximo de 59 pontos. Os níveis mais altos de complexidade foram associados à frequência de dose, com uma média de 5,5 (± 3,6). Além disso, foi identificada relação significativa entre a complexidade da farmacoterapia e as variáveis polifarmácia, interação medicamentosa, medicamento potencialmente inapropriado para idosos e duplicidade terapêutica (p< 0,001). Na segunda etapa, dos 610 estudos avaliados, 20 preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade. Os desfechos em saúde mais influenciados pela complexidade da farmacoterapia foram os desfechos clínicos: hospitalização, readmissão hospitalar e adesão à farmacoterapia. A maioria dos estudos apresentou resultados satisfatórios para associação dos desfechos com a complexidade e obtiveram boa qualidade metodológica. Conclusão. Esta dissertação possibilitou avaliar o perfil farmacoterapêutico de pacientes idosos e identificar que, além da polifarmácia, interação medicamentosa potencial, duplicidade terapêutica e medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados para idosos são fatores de risco para o aumento da complexidade da farmacoterapia nestes pacientes. Além disso, identificou-se que os desfechos em saúde mais influenciados pela complexidade da farmacoterapia foram os clínicos: hospitalização, readmissão hospitalar e adesão a farmacoterapia. / Aracaju, SE
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Från kuvad sociologi till akademisering : Polsk sociologi mellan 1947-1991Sarna, Zofia January 2019 (has links)
Ambitionen med denna uppsats är att skapa en bättre förståelse för relationer mellan samhällsvetare och den sovjetiska regimen i Polen mellan 1947 och 1991. Mina studier visar att relationerna mellan samhällsvetare och regim, samt mellan olika grupper av sociologer, förändrades och utvecklades under den angivna tidsperioden. Olika politiska, ekonomiska och sociala händelser påverkade universitetens verksamhet och sociologers attityder såväl mot regimen som mot andra samhällsvetare. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka processer som pågick i det sociologiska, vetenskapliga arbetet, i en situation då forskare och deras arbete var beroende av den sovjetiska maktstrukturen. I undersökningen har jag använt mig av fallstudiedesign med fokus på historiska metoder som litteraturforskning, biografier och studier om polsk sociologi. Jag har tolkat stoffet jag har fått fram utifrån olika teorier, som har hjälpt mig att förstå de olika processer och händelser som skedde i Polen efter andra världskriget.
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Makten att göra sin röst hörd - synsätt i mötet mellan teater och skolaÅkesson, Andreas, Göthe, Pernilla January 2013 (has links)
AbstractIn the following text we analyse different perspectives in a meeting between a theatreand a visiting school class from grade six in the Swedish Primary School, in order toinvestigate the conditions for children’s participation and for making children’s ownvoices heard in professional theatres. Though it is common for Swedish theatre artists totry to understand and interpret children’s perspectives, it is rare for children to be giventhe opportunity to show their own perspectives in professional theatres in Sweden(Davet 2011 p. 18). The authors of this text have their theoretical base in a socioculturalperspective that gives that learning and creation of meaning and purpose takes place in asocial and cultural context (Vygotskij 1978). In the analysis of our material we havefound Feiwel Kupferberg’s (2009) theory on different creative regimens and Robert A.Harts (1992) descriptions of children’s participation useful. This is a casestudy and our primary method is qualitative interviews. Our informants are four pupils,one teacher, one theatre pedagogue and two theatre artists. The result shows that theartistic creative regimen and the pedagogical creative regimen are different and this hasan impact on how our informants approach the meeting between school and theatre, aswell as on how they think about making children’s voices heard in theatres. Formal andinformal demands and expectations present obstacles to working with children’sparticipation in a co-operation between school and theatre. The social reception after thetheatre performance has been an important part of the participating pupils’ experience.The pupils show enthusiasm about the thought of expressing themselves through theatretogether with teachers and theatre artists. We come to the conclusion that there is a needfor a change in professional roles among all the adult participants in this meeting if theywant to make children’s participation a reality. For this to happen they need to take itupon themselves to use their different professional skills to make children’s ownprojects come to life.Key words: children’s participation, children’s voices, creative regimen, democracy,radical aesthetics, theatre.
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Vilniaus Univesiteto studentų mitybos ir gyvensenos tyrimas / Vilnius university students nutrition and lifestyle surveyŠilobritienė, Irena 27 June 2014 (has links)
Tyrimo tikslas: Įvertinti VU studentų gyvenseną ir mitybą Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti VU studentų dienos režimą ir fizinį aktyvumą. 2. Įvertinti VU studentų žalingus įpročius. 3. Įvertinti VU studentų mitybos režimą. 4. Įvertinti VU studentų faktinę mitybą. 5. Įvertinti VU studentų maisto papildų vartojimo ypatumus. Tyrimo populiacija: Biomedicinos, tiksliųjų, socialinių ir humanitarinių studijų krypčių, Vilniaus universiteto studentai. Apklausti vienuolikos VU fakultetų atitinkančių aukščiau paminėtas studijų kryptis studentai. Tyrimo imtį sudarė 702 VU studentai, iš jų 400 merginų ir 302 vaikinų. Tyrimo metodai: • Teorinė apžvalga • Anketinė apklausa • Faktinės mitybos tyrimas Anketinė apklausa buvo vykdoma 2010 metų, balandžio – gegužės mėnesį, panaudojant specialiai šiam tyrimui parengtą anketą, kurią sudarė dvi dalys. Pirma apklausos anketos dalis buvo skirta respondentų gyvensenos ypatumams įvertinti. Antroje anketos dalyje buvo surinkti studentų faktinės mitybos duomenys. Statistinė duomenų analizė buvo atlikta SPSS for Windows programos 17 versijos paketo pagalba ir Microsoft Office Excel 2007 programa. Faktinė mityba buvo tiriama 24 valandų apklausos būdu fiksuojant valgymo laiką, suvartojamų produktų, patiekalų ir gėrimų asortimentą bei jų kiekį. Maisto cheminės sudėties analizė atlikta naudojant maisto produktų cheminės sudėties lentelės, rezultatai lyginti su rekomenduojamomis paros maistinių medžiagų ir energijos normomis. Tyrimo rezultatai: Aktyviai fizinei... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The goal of the survey: To assess the lifestyle and dietary habits of students of Vilnius University. The tasks of the survey: 1. To assess the day regimen and physical activity of students of Vilnius University. 2. To assess addictions of students of Vilnius University. 3. To assess the dietary regimen of students of Vilnius University. 4. To assess the actual dietary habits of students of Vilnius University. 5. To assess the peculiarities of using food additives by students of Vilnius University. The population of the survey: Students of Vilnius University involved in study branches of Biomedicine, Exact Sciences, Social Sciences and Arts. Students of the said branches were interviewed at eleven faculties of Vilnius University. The sample under the survey included 702 students of Vilnius University - 400 females and 302 males. The methods of the survey: • Theoretical review • Interviewing under a questionnaire • Exploration of the actual dietary habits. The interviewing under a questionnaire was carried out in April - May 2010 using the questionnaire developed for this purpose. The questionnaire included two parts. The first part was used for assessing the peculiarities of the lifestyle of the respondents. In the second part of the questionnaire, the data on actual dietary habits of students were collected. The analysis of the statistical data was carried out using the version 17 of the software package SPSS for Windows and Microsoft Office Excel 2007. The actual dietary... [to full text]
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Monitoring and modelling of pharmaceuticals in wastewater : Daily and hourly loads in both hospital and urban wastewater / Métrologie et modélisation de résidus de médicaments en eaux usées : Flux journaliers et horaires d'un bassin versant urbain et d'un hôpitalPouzol, Tanguy 20 February 2018 (has links)
Les flux journaliers et horaires de 15 molécules pharmaceutiques à l'entrée d'une station d'épuration ont été mesurés sur 3 ans et modélisés à la fois pour un bassin urbain de 16 000 habitants et un hôpital de 450 lits. Certaines molécules ne sont jamais ou rarement quantifiées. Les flux journaliers vont de 0,6 à 564 g/jour en fonction de la molécule et de la campagne de mesure 24h. Aucune dynamique saisonnière ou hebdomadaire n’a été identifiées. La dynamique des flux horaires des médicaments se distingue des autres polluants et du débit des eaux usées. Les flux horaires mesurés sont sévèrement impactés par le comportement aléatoire des patients lorsque la masse journalière consommée est faible. Ainsi, la dynamique moyenne est difficile à identifier. L'hypothèse principale pour modéliser les flux de médicaments dans les eaux usées est qu'ils résultent des étapes suivantes: ventes ou distributions de médicaments, consommation humaine, métabolisme et excrétion. Les ventes de médicaments pour le bassin urbain et les distributions de l'hôpital ont été collectées à différentes échelles spatiales et temporelles (respectivement 1, 6 et 223 pharmacies et journalières, hebdomadaires et mensuelles). Les plus grandes échelles sont plus fiables pour estimer les niveaux de consommations mais la variabilité des plus petites est plus proche de la variabilité observée dans les mesures. Les quantités de médicaments vendus ou distribués vont de 0,4 à 1 600 patients théoriques par jour en moyenne. En associant les flux journaliers mesurés aux ventes ou aux distributions, aucune corrélation linéaire n'a été trouvée. Un modèle stochastique au pas de temps de la minute est proposé et appliqué aux deux sites. Il produit des résultats fiables et précis pour les flux quotidiens et horaires. Cependant, les résultats sont difficiles à interpréter lorsque seuls quelques patients consomment un médicament. De plus, le modèle ne reproduit pas la spécificité inhérente de l'hôpital. En outre, le modèle est également capable de prédire avec précision le débit des eaux usées domestiques d'un bassin versant urbain, tant pour les volumes quotidiens que pour leurs dynamiques. / Daily and hourly loads of 15 pharmaceutical molecules at the inlet of a wastewater treatment plant have been measured over 3 years and modelled for both an urban catchment of 16 000 inhabitants and a hospital of 450 beds. Some molecules are never or rarely quantified. Daily loads range from 0.6 to 564 g/day depending of the molecule and the 24 h measurement campaign. Seasonal or weekly patterns are not identified. Pharmaceuticals hourly loads dynamics are distinctive from one another and from wastewater flow. The measured hourly loads are severely impacted by the random behaviour of the patients when the daily mass consumed is low. Thus, the average dynamics is difficult to identify. The main hypothesis to model pharmaceuticals loads in wastewater is that they result from the following steps: pharmaceuticals sales or distributions, human consumption, metabolism and excretion. Pharmaceuticals sales for the urban catchment and distribution for the hospital have been collected at different space and timescales (respectively 1, 6 and 223 pharmacies and daily, weekly and monthly). Larger scales are more reliable for magnitude but the variability of the smaller ones is closer to the variability observed in the measurements. The quantities of pharmaceuticals sold or distributed range from 0.4 to 1 600 theoretical patients per day. Associating measured daily loads with sales or distributions, no linear correlation is found. A minute time step stochastic model is proposed and applied to both sites. It produces reliable and accurate results for both daily and hourly loads. However, results are difficult to interpret when only a few patients are consuming a pharmaceutical. Also, the model does not reproduce the inherent specificity of the hospital. In addition, the model is also able to predict the domestic wastewater flow of an urban catchment with great accuracy for both daily volumes and dynamics.
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Desenvolvimento de uma estratégia vacinal dose-reforço heterológo baseada em linhagens recombinantes de Bacillus subitilis para o controle de Spreptococcus mutans. / Development of a heterologous reinforcement dose vaccine strategy based on recombinant strains of Bacillus subtilis for the control of Streptococcus mutans.Silva, Dalva Adelina da 16 March 2018 (has links)
A cárie dental é uma doença bacteriana infecciosa considerada como um dos principais problemas de saúde pública. O principal agente etiológico para o desenvolvimento da doença é o Streptococcus mutans. A proteína P1, também conhecida como antígeno I/II, do S. mutans é fundamental para a etapa inicial de adesão à superfície dental (sacarose-independente), sendo, portanto, considerada essencial para o processo de colonização deste patógeno. Algumas regiões dessa proteína vêm sendo empregadas como antígenos em estratégias vacinais contra a cárie, entre elas a região A, localizada na porção N-terminal, conhecida como região de ligação à saliva Saliva Binding Region (SBR). No entanto, apesar dos avanços, não existe vacina para a prevenção da cárie licenciada para uso em humanos. Diante disso, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento e caracterização de uma nova estratégia vacinal contra o S. mutans baseada em esquema de dose-reforço heterólogo, utilizando o fragmento P139-512, na forma de proteína purificada, expressa a partir de linhagens recombinantes de Bacillus subtilis. A proteína P139-512 compreende os aminoácidos 39-512 da proteína nativa, o que corresponde a toda região A e uma pequena porção da região variável da proteína P1. Utilizamos esporos de B. subtilis 1012, modificados para expressar o antígeno P139-512 (LDV702). A linhagem LDV704, além de expressar o antígeno, foi modificada para expressar uma invasina (InvA) com capacidade de se ligar a epitélios de mucosa. Camundongos da linhagem BALB/c foram imunizados por via sublingual com uma dose de esporos de B. subtilis (linhagens 1012, LDV702, LDV704 ou PBS) seguidos por dois reforços com a proteína P139-512, associada ou não com o adjuvante LTK63. Níveis significativos de anticorpos séricos foram induzidos pelas formulações em associação com o adjuvante após a terceira dose, e mostraram-se capazes de reconhecer os epítopos em diferentes linhagens de S. mutans. No entanto, nenhuma das formulações mostrou-se capaz de ativar respostas de mucosa (S-IgA). Porém, observamos que o adjuvante LTK63 empregado na estratégia dose-reforço heterólogo potencializou a resposta sérica de anticorpos IgG, sendo capaz de modular e melhorar qualitativamente as respostas induzidas. Assim, a administração das formulações na presença do adjuvante representa uma alternativa promissora para o controle do S. mutans. / Dental caries is an infectious bacterial disease considered as one of the main public health problems. The main etiological agent for the development of the disease is the Streptococcus mutans. The P1 protein, also known as S. mutans Ag I / II antigen, is essential for the initial stages of adhesion to the dental surface (sucrose-independent) and is, therefore, considered essential for the colonization process of this pathogen. Some regions of this protein have been used as antigens in vaccine strategies against caries, among them the A region, located at the amino terminal region also known as the Saliva Binding Region (SBR). However, despite the advances, there is no licensed anti-caries vaccine for human use. Therefore, the present work aims to develop and characterize a new vaccine strategy against S. mutans based on a heterologous priming/boost immunization regimen using the recombinant P139-512 fragment, expressed and purified from a Bacillus subtilis strain. The P139-512 protein comprises amino acids that encompasses the entire A region and a small portion of the variable region of the P1 protein. We used spores of B. subtilis 1012 (wild-strain) and recombinants that were modified to express the antigen P139-512 (LDV702). In addition to express the antigen, the LDV704 strain was modified to express a surface-exposed bacterial invasin (InvA) capable of binding to the mucosal epithelia. BALB/c mice were primed via the sublingual route with a dose of B. subtilis spores (1012, LDV702, or LDV704 strains) followed by two boosting doses with the purified protein P139-512, associated or not with the LTK63 adjuvant, by the same administration route. Significant serum antibody levels were induced by the formulations with the adjuvants after the third dose and the antibodies were shown to recognize epitopes exposed on the surface of different S. mutans strains. However, none of the formulations were capable to activate mucosal responses (S-IgA). Nevertheless, we observed that the LTK63 enhanced the serum IgG responses and qualitatively improved the induced antibody response. Thus, the administration of the formulations in the presence of the adjuvant represents a promising alternative for the control of S. mutans.
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