O presente trabalho trata do emprego das Forças Armadas dos países da América do Sul levando em consideração o panorama geopolítico pós-Guerra Fria. Dois são os objetivos principais: estabelecer cenários geopolíticos para o subcontinente com base em diferentes paradigmas da Teoria das Relações Internacionais e, a partir desses cenários, analisar o emprego das Forças Armadas na América do Sul diante das atuais características geopolíticas. Considera-se como recorte temporal, para tal estudo, o período compreendido entre o fim da Guerra Fria e os dias atuais e, como recorte espacial, a escala subcontinental. Por meio de uma abordagem plurimetodológica, analisa-se o sentido geopolítico das iniciativas de cooperação e integração militar entre os países sul-americanos – fenômeno que, em virtude da autonomia de que ainda dispõem os meios militares na região, ocorre de forma paralela às demais dimensões do processo de integração regional. Adotando uma perspectiva construtivista de abordagem das Relações Internacionais, procura-se, também, analisar a possibilidade de construção no subcontinente de uma Comunidade de Segurança. Por fim, em caráter meramente prospectivo, procura-se analisar as possibilidades de emprego das Forças Armadas na América do Sul considerando quatro diferentes cenários: clássico (escala nacional), construtivista (escala regional), hegemônico (escala hemisférica) e idealista (escala global). / This work concerns the use military roles of South American countries, taking into consideration the post-Cold War geopolitic panorama. There are two main objectives: stablish geopolitic sceneries for the subcontinent based on different International Relations Theory paradigms and, to from these sceneries, analyse the function of the Forces in the South America faced the present geopolitic characteristics. This study considers the period between the end of Cold War and the present days, having as spatial setting the subcontinental scale. Through a plurimethodological approoch, this work analyses the geopolitical meaning of military cooperation and integration initiative in the South American countries – phenomenon that has been a parallel process of regional integration due to military forces autonomy. By means of constructivist perspective of International Relation Theory also analysing the possibility of constucting a Security Community in the subcontinent. At last, under a prospective character it analyses the possibility of the military forces appliance in the South America, considering four different sceneries: classic (national scale), constructivist (regional scale), hegemonic (hemispheric scale) and idealist (global scale).

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente dissertação busca demonstrar o comportamento da União Europeia como um ator unitário nas Organizações Internacionais. Com o aprofundamento da integração europeia e seus desdobramentos institucionais, é possível perceber o surgimento de um novo ator no cenário internacional, que engloba 27 Estados e vem ganhando força impactando nas negociações internacionais. Através de dois estudos de caso, a pesquisa demonstra a actorness da União Europeia e o seu comportamento em duas Organizações Internacionais, o Fundo Monetário Internacional e a Organização Mundial do Comércio. / The present dissertation seeks to analyse the European Union behaviour as a unitary actor in the International Organizations. As the European integration deepens, along with its institutional unfolding, it`s possible to perceive that a new actor has come to light in the international scenario, enclosing 27 countries and that has been strengthen up to the point to impact in international negotiations. Through two case studies, this research presents the European Union actorness and its behaviour in two International Organizations, the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization.

The Maghreb is a geostrategic region which attracts the attention of world powers. However the potential of its growth is limited by numerous problems. The aim of the master thesis is to analyze the position of Maghreb countries in the world economy and the perspectives of their future development. The first chapter concentrates on the economic facts of Maghreb countries with emphasis on their problems, including the preliminary reflections of impacts of the Arab spring on individual economies. The second chapter presents the external economic relations of Maghreb countries on three levels: inside the region, in the Euro-Mediterranean area and in the global dimension. The third chapter deals with the perspectives of Maghreb economies and the possibilities of reaching them. It evaluates the existing success of integration efforts in the region, in the Euro-Mediterranean area, but also the cooperation throughout the world economy.

The thesis surveys the formation, development and the present state of integration process in the three developing world regions -- Latin America, Africa and Asia and the Pacific -- as one of the most significant processes of the world economy since the end of the last century. The first part of the opening chapter presents the issues of regionalism, the second one presents the issues of the developing world. The objective of the thesis is to point out the differences in processes of the international economic integration in the three developing regions, in terms of both historical point of view and motives and factors influencing the integration initiatives in developing countries. In that case the individual chapters analyze motives for integration and disintegration, affecting the formation and development of integration processes in each developing region, and present the first attempts to integration in the area as well as the overall development of regional integration as a whole. Finally, the chapters list current regional groupings, focusing on the degree of integration achieved and the set, respectively achieved, objectives.

Submitted by Elesbão Santiago Neto (neto10uepb@cche.uepb.edu.br) on 2016-09-13T18:49:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Jessica Gomes Machado.pdf: 1123010 bytes, checksum: faa8ac5fa095791053c843ec77ddc683 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-13T18:49:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Jessica Gomes Machado.pdf: 1123010 bytes, checksum: faa8ac5fa095791053c843ec77ddc683 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-24 / CAPES / This dissertation paper analyzes the social dimension in the Regional Integration Process through participatory democracy. In this regard, we go through the historical background of integration and transformations that happened in the forms of South America’s government, until the arrival of democracy. In general, the South American’s countries were subject to social upheavals and military coups, but in the mid-1980s, the region initiated the re-democratization period. Democracy has been considered as an important factor to bring better socio-economic conditions to the Southern Cone, so it is necessary that citizens become participants in this process. In this research will be analyzed how the Mercosur acts in a creating policies for realization of popular participation, representing a maturing of the block so that the social issue is more debated, finding in the Mercosur Social and Participative incentive for greater social participation, it will be performed a study of the social initiatives of the block. By presenting the theoretical basis of regional integration, it was demonstrate the applicability of regional integration’s theories, the Functionalism and Neofunctionalism to explain the block’s case. Firstly this study aims to analyze Mercosur’s social measures, we aim to investigate how these initiatives contribute to the deepening of the social dimension of the block. / A presente dissertação analisa a dimensão social no Processo de Integração Regional, através da democracia participativa. Para tanto, percorremos os antecedentes históricos da integração e as transformações sofridas nas formas de governo dos países da América do Sul, até a chegada da democracia. Em termos gerais, os países sul-americanos ficaram sujeitos a convulsões sociais e golpes militares, mas em meados da década de 1980, a região deu início ao período de redemocratização. A democracia passou a ser considerada um fator importante para trazer melhores condições sócio-econômicas para o Cone Sul, assim, é necessário que os cidadãos se tornem participantes desse processo. Nessa pesquisa será analisada a forma como o Mercosul atua na criação de políticas voltadas para realização da participação popular, representando um amadurecimento do bloco, fazendo com que a questão social seja mais debatida, encontrando no Mercosul Social e Participativo incentivo para uma maior participação social, será realizado um estudo das iniciativas sociais do bloco. Ao apresentar as bases teóricas da integração regional, procurou-se demonstrar a aplicabilidade das teorias da integração regional, o Funcionalismo e Neo funcionalismo, para explicar o caso do bloco. Este trabalho se propõe principalmente analisar as medidas sociais do Mercosul, temos por objetivo averiguar de que maneira essas iniciativas contribuem para o aprofundamento da dimensão social do bloco.

O presente trabalho aborda em primeira instância as contribuições do direito ambiental e sua dimensão axiológica a partir do princípio de desenvolvimento sustentável, no processo de construção do modelo ambientalmente harmônico no setor elétrico. Isto segundo o viés da teoria da justiça aplicada ao direito ambiental é afirmar, identificando os elementos de justiça ambiental, a sua importância na consolidação do arcabouço normativo aplicável à energia eólica. Posteriormente efetua-se a analise da ação racional dos Estados e da sociedade internacional perante o fenômeno de mudança climática, como causa relevante a partir da qual se institucionalizam as políticas públicas que viabilizam a inserção da fonte eólica, como elemento legitimador, da ação de planejamento do setor elétrico, com o viés do tratamento dos bens comuns; para o qual se estrutura um cenário tendencial e outro cenário sustentável do recurso eólico no caso brasileiro. Nesta mesma linha se avalia a importância da supranacionalidade e a intergovernabilidade em termos de vinculação jurídica dos estados membros, com a consequente relativização do conceito de soberania e seu efeito nas integrações regionais do Mercosul e da União Europeia, e seu efeito no comportamento da energia eólica, entendida como elemento relevante da transição energética. Finalmente, revisa-se comparativamente o modelo normativo estruturado vinculante para a energia eólica na Alemanha, na França, na Espanha e na Colômbia para a fonte eólica e o grau de segurança jurídica, assim como o nível de risco regulatório, considerando a abrupta inserção de elementos competitivos para aumentar os incentivos regulatórios. / This work addresses the contribution of environmental law and its axiological dimension, beginning from the principle of sustainable development in the construction process of the harmonious environmentally model in the electrical sector. This is explained through applied justice theory to environmental law, by identifying elements of environmental justice and its relevance to the consolidation of regulatory framework applied to wind energy. Subsequently, the interaction between the states and the international community before the climate change phenomenon is analyzed as an important cause from which the public policies are institutionalized allowing the introduction of wind power as a legitimating element for planning in the electrical sector through the common goods. For this, a tendential scenario and another sustainable scenario of the wind resource in the Brazilian case are structured. In this regard, the importance of supranationalism and intergovernamentalism in terms of legal link of the member states are evaluated, with the consequent relativization of the concept of sovereignty and its effect on the regional integrations of Mercosur and the European Union and the effect on wind energy, understood it as a relevant element of energetic transition. Finally, I make a comparative review of the binding normative model for wind power generation in Germany, France, Spain and Colombia, and the degree of legal security, as well as the level of regulatory risk considering the abrupt insertion of competitive elements to have access to regulatory incentives.

Costuma-se identificar uma relação positiva entre uma infraestrutura de qualidade e o nível de desenvolvimento de uma região. Embora frequentes as análises que buscam quantificar os impactos econômicos e sociais positivos da infraestrutura, pouco esforço tem sido feito para avaliar as políticas não estritamente econômicas elaboradas para esse setor, especialmente em termos de política externa. Além disso, estudos na área focam no aspecto discursivo, havendo uma lacuna de estudos comparativos entre o discurso e a prática da execução dos projetos. Este trabalho busca preencher essa lacuna analisando como evoluiu, nesse início de século, a política externa brasileira para infraestrutura, especialmente sob a perspectiva da integração regional, em comparação com as dotações orçamentárias do governo federal destinadas ao setor. Os resultados sugerem que houve uma queda na abordagem regional do tema ao longo do período, bem como um distanciamento entre o discurso e a prática, especialmente no período posterior a 2010, quando a presença relativa da infraestrutura no discurso passou a crescer, enquanto os gastos empenhados no setor diminuíam. / It is common to identify in the literature a positive relation between quality infrastructure and the development level of certain region. Although many scholars have worked on quantifying economic and social impacts of infrastructure, little effort has been made to evaluate non-economic policies drafted for this area, especially regarding foreign policy. Moreover, studies in this field tend to focus on discourse analysis, leaving a gap in terms of comparative studies between discourse and the practical execution of projects. This work intends to fill this gap by analyzing the evolution of Brazilian foreign policy on infrastructure, especially from a regional integration perspective in comparison with Brazilian federal government\'s budgetary allocation to the area at the beginning of this century. Results suggests there was a reduction in the regional integration perspective throughout the period analyzed, as well as a widening in the distance between discourse and practice, especially after 2010, when the relative importance of the infrastructure on the discourse started to grow as expenditure in the area diminished.

<p>Central Asia is a region strategically located at the crossroads of the two continents: Asia and Europe. The region is represented by five states (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) with different level of economic development and with the population amounting to over 60 million people. The region is rich in energy resources represented by oil, gas, coal and water resources.</p><p>The thesis analyses, assesses and scrutinises one of the topical issues of the contemporary international relations - cooperation between the European Union and Central Asian states before and after adoption in June 2007 of the ‘European Union and Central Asia: Strategy for a New Partnership’,  an important political document in the history of relations between the two parties.</p><p>The new stage of cooperation is analysed more comprehensively accentuating priorities set in the Strategy. Analysis of the current state of affairs is conducted concerning some important issues of the Strategy related to regional cooperation between Central Asian states, such as integrated water management and development of hydro-energy system, issues of diversification of hydrocarbons supply routes from the region to Europe and provision of energy security, etc.</p><p>Issues of cooperation between the European Union and Tajikistan are analysed as a case study. State of affairs between the Central Asian states and the European Union Member States actively cooperating with these countries is characterised.</p><p>The thesis also scrutinises other regional/international actors engaged in cooperation with Central Asia (such as China, Russia, the US, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, etc.) and their potential for interaction with the European Union for more effective joint solution of the problems existing in the region is assessed.</p><p>In the conclusion, development of cooperation between the European Union and Central Asian states is scrutinised, the problems and their possible solutions in this regard are analysed, and the recommendations for increasing effectiveness of cooperation between the two parties are presented.</p><p>The European Union’s policy in Central Asia is interpreted from perspective of the theories of international relations namely neorealism, neoliberalism and constructivism in the research.</p>

This dissertation is a case study of the EuroMed Partnership (EMP). It aims to examine the complex political, economic and social interrelationships in the EMP, and their impact on regional security in the Euro-Mediterranean region. The main thesis proposed here is that regional integration is taking place to the point of a regional security complex being established among EMP-member countries. This would contrast with the Middle East Regional Security Complex suggested by Buzan and Waever (2003). The dynamics observed reflect realist concerns with security among members. They also display neo-liberal integration approaches as well as the regional reciprocal (re-)constructions of structure, interests, and identities as suggested in the constructivist literature. A triangulated mix of qualitative research methods is utilized with primary data from elite interviews, as well as from official publications of member governments and institutes. Secondary data from analyses by other researchers provide comparison data for this dissertation. It will contribute to a framework for understanding the shifting security environment in the Euro-Mediterranean region from 1995 to the present in terms of regional integration, peacemaking and peacekeeping.

After Cold war, the trend of economical globalization has led the region cooperation development. As China is going to focus on economic growing, its good neighborhood policy is most important especially in East Asia.In 2002, ASEAN and China decide to build up a free trade area between each other. The China-ASEAN free trade area is expected to be an important economic area in 2010. The study is using Neo-functionalism to analyze China¡¦s policy in East Asia.To explore the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area ,its circumstance and development.