<p>Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka Asherahs roll i den forntida israelitiska religionen i förhållande till Jahve.</p>

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<p>Förr hade religionen, i form av ”kyrkan mitt i byn” en given funktion i det svenska samhället. Kyrkan både organiserande och deltog i diskussioner om samhällets utveckling, ungdomens fostran, vård av äldre och sjuka och upprätthållandet av lag och ordning. Men med tiden när samhället sekulariserades fick religionen en helt annan plats och betydelse.</p><p>Sverige är idag ett sekulariserat land och vi lever i en sekulariserad tid. Med begreppet sekularisering menas vanligtvis att kristen tro i moderniseringsprocessens spår fått allt mindre utrymme i samhället. <strong>Sekulariseringen</strong> består i att kristendomen som det västerländska samhällets dominerande världsförklaring och värderingsgrund stegvis går tillbaka och ersätts av en naturvetenskaplig världsbild där var och en i samhället lämnas åt sig själv för att bilda sin egen individualiserade världsbild. Processen börjar under renässansen, förstärks från och med upplysningstiden och slår igenom på bred front under 1900-talet.</p><p>Sånt som de religiösa institutionerna haft makt att besluta om och haft stort inflytande över har i och med utvecklingen förts över till sekulära institutioner.  Mycket ändrades i samhället, t ex ersattes de kyrkliga samfunden av kommuner, tvånget att besöka kyrkans gudstjänster avskaffades. I och med religionsfrihetslagen 1951 blev det även tillåtet att lämna Svenska kyrkan utan att bli medlem i något annat samfund, dessutom avskaffades kristendomsundervisningen m.m. Lagarna gav alltså en spegelbild av sekulariseringen som skedde. Idag är det därför enbart tio till femton procent av Sveriges invånare som bekänner sig som kristna och endast var tjugonde svensk som regelbundet besöker kristna gudstjänster. För många svenskar spelar varken kyrkans lära eller moral någon större roll och sekulariseringen har lett till att religionen blivit en privatsak.</p><p>Undersökningar som gjorts under de senaste årtiondena ger en tydlig bild av Sverige som ett av de mest sekulariserade länderna i västvärlden. Även undersökningen som jag gjorde bland gymnasielever i Gävle gav en bild av att majoriteten av ungdomarna som deltog i undersökningen var icke-religiösa med varken kunskap om eller intresse för kristendom. Sekulariseringen har medfört en frihet för människor att själva välja bland livsåskådningar och att välja bort riter och religiösa traditioner. Men förlusten av religionen har skapat ett tomrum och längtan efter en djupare tolkning av tillvaron därför att det naturvetenskapligt baserade tänkandet tyvärr inte har kunnat tillgodose människors behov av att reflektera kring vad det finns för mening med tillvaron.</p>

<p>The nineteenth century witnessed a great deal interest in Esotericism, which resulted in the creation of a significant number of Occult organizations. Many of them were influenced by the Theosophical Society, arguably the most important of the groups that came into existence before the Great War, a further example being the Rosicrucian Fellowship. The writings of these two organizations’ primary founders contain teachings about race that were influenced by beliefs concerning the inferiority of certain peoples that were prevalent at the time. While this is often acknowledged in academic studies, the matter is largely marginalized.</p><p>The aim of this paper is to investigate how these teachings reinforce preexisting ideas about race. The findings indicate that this is partially achieved through the use of language and partially by presenting the notions within the context of a cosmology which casts inequalities found in society as part of an evolutionary process in which any atrocities committed by a dominant group are seen as merely hastening a divinely instituted chain of events that is already in motion. This matter is relevant to the present time because these beliefs are part of living traditions and because it is arguable that the racist discourse which shaped them in the first place is still just as influential today.</p>

<p>Denna uppsats är en intervjustudie som omfattar sex utvalda muslimska kvinnor där jag valt att undersöka hur dessa kvinnor ser på muslimska baddräkter. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utreda huruvida dessa kvinnor uppfattar olika typer av muslimska baddräkter och även redogöra för vilka skiljaktigheter det finns mellan dessa kvinnors åsikter och vad dessa skillnader kan bero på. För att få fram olika representationer vad gäller dessa kvinnors tolkningar, kommer jag att använda mig av begreppet flerstämmighet för att lyfta fram olikheterna med hänsyn till de olika tolkningarna som finns inom en religiös grupp. Detta är för att diversiteten som finns inom den egna gruppen ska tydliggöras. Min teoretiska utgångspunkt är Olivier Roys post-globala teori som jag anser vara relevant för det valda temat. Roy diskuterar om vilken förändring det har skett bland muslimer, som lever i västeuropeiska länder, som konfronterats med globalisering och västernisering, valt att förhålla sig annorlunda där religionen inte längre har en social auktoritet.</p>

<p>Up until the 19th century, religion was used as a way of legitimizing slavery in America. With the rise of the civil rights movement religion seems to have played a quite different role. This essay aims to explore the role of religion in the ideologies of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X. The speeches, writings and actions of these two men have been analysed in hope that the result will contribute to the larger study of American civil rights history.</p><p>This essay proposes that both Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X infused their political message with religious ideas and that they leaned on religion for support and inspiration. By analysing the discourse headed by King and X it becomes clear that in direct contrast to how religion was used during slavery, religion was used as a way of legitimizing equality (and in some cases black superiority) between races during the civil rights movement.</p>

<p>Hur uppfattar Temple of Set sin relation till den fornegyptiska religionen och vilka aspekter anser de att deras moderna ockultism har gemensamt med eller har utvecklats från denna?</p>

<p>To the general public, Anders Frostenson clergyman and poet, is primarily known for his many contributions to the Swedish hymn treasure. He was born on 23 April 1906. The present thesis examines and defines the theology embodied in his works, especially in his hymns, showing that Frostenson occupies a central and unique position in the Swedish 20th Century Christian tradition.</p><p>The study charts Frostenson´s life and work from poetry to hymn, and draws attention to the growth of a long-standing, significant authorship, that has served to make the Christian gospel accessible, relevant, and down-to-earth.</p><p>Much has happened in the last century. The 1900s have been characterised by enormous changes, social, cultural and public, involving both individuals and nations. Matters of opinion and aims, union and dissension, have in a special way been put at the centre of things. This is also reflected in Anders Frostenson´s work.</p><p>Frostenson´s autorship can be understood in terms of four concepts, which reflect the epiphanic mode of his works: the Word, the Testament, the Confirmation, and the Inheritance. These concepts can to a great extent be chronologically ordered, and taken together they function as the cornerstones on which Frostenson´s theology is built. The relationship between the four cornerstones and different periods is defined against the background of Frostenson´s existential situation and the socio-cultural context.</p><p>The theological analysis shows how central Christian themes and the Christian philosophy of life are shaped in the meeting of tradition and actuality. Frostenson conveys the idea that God reveals himself in the here and now. Human suffering is God´s injunction to the world to act with love in daily service. The sense of belonging and continuity makes life meaningful and excludes no one from the earthly and heavenly “endless home”. In true Lutheran spirit Frostenson places his creative will and words in the service of God.</p><p>The 1986 Hymnal is the cultural treasure through which Frostenson chiefly brought Word and Tradition into the everyday world. The cultural concept has been expanded with his help, through, among other things, spiritual song, where trust and tradition are obviously linked together with contemporary Christian culture.</p><p>In 1935, Anders Frostenson wrote ´Let my life also be a working day, in Your vast Kingdom!` On 4 February 2006, that long day´s work finally came to a close.</p>

<p>The thesis examines developments in Swedish theological scholarship during the 20th century, focusing especially on the polarization that manifested itself between the two subject fields theology and religious studies. The main purpose of the study has been to show how this polarization arose, but it also discusses ways of avoiding this polarization and considers how theology relates to society today. The thesis consists of an introduction, two parts and seven chapters. The introductory chapter provides a background in which the orientation and modus operandi of theology during the 20th century are examined from various points of view. The background description presents three tendencies which give starting points for a detailed understanding of Swedish theological scholarship in the 20th century. These three tendencies are the historical orientation of theology, an emphasis on prolegomena (reflections on the subject’s theoretical assumptions) and the fragmentation of theology. These serve as a backdrop for the subsequent study.</p><p>PART ONE “The assumptions of theology” gives a broad understanding of the external assumptions of theology and religious studies in 20th century Sweden. It is divided into two chapters, one of which examines the role of theology in the modern university while the other presents criticism of theologians. This part contains a description and discussion of the external assumptions of theology and how the theological institutions, together with the theology presented there, have been treated by critics.</p><p>PART TWO “Theological approaches” examines some important theological approaches, the main focus being on how theologians have approached questions pertaining to theology’s scholarly credentials and its role in society, a treatment which sheds further light on the various aspects of the issue of the polarization of theology and religious studies. Thus in this study the theologians’ texts will contribute to an understanding of the events of the 20th century. This part is divided into three chapters. The thesis shows that during the 20th century, the question of the scholarly credentials of theology became more important than that of theology’s role in society. The study concludes by gathering together aspects of the orientation of theological scholarship and the picture of theology and religious studies in 20th century Sweden. The polarization of theology and religious studies is discussed from the standpoint of late modern assumptions. The thesis shows that the polarization between theology and religious studies which manifested itself in Swedish theological scholarship during the 20th century arose out of the postulation of simplistic contradictions between the scholarly and the confessional dimensions. Finally, I offer a discussion of the relevance of theology today and what scope it has for connecting with society.</p>

<p>Avhandlingen söker svara på två förberedande frågor: hur man kan tolka Theodor W. Adornos kritiska teori idag? Samt hur en sådan tolkning kan göras relevant för aktuell teologisk problematik?</p>