Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:41:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseFCM_DISSERT.pdf: 2061310 bytes, checksum: 67b7e2ece769fac61927cbbd2bd5769a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Combating pollution of soils is a challenge that has concerned researchers from different areas and motivated the search for technologies that aim the recovery of degraded soils. Literature shows numerous processes that have been proposed with the intent of remediating soils contaminated by oils and other by-products of the oil industry, considering that the processes available have, generally, high operating costs, this work proposes a costeffective alternative to the treatment of Diesel-contaminated soils. The washing solutions were prepared using water as aqueous phase, the saponified coconut oil (OCS) as surfactant and n-butanol as co-surfactant. In this study, the soil was characterized by physical and chemical analyses. The study of diesel desorption from the soil was held in bath, using hexane and washing solutions, which had 10 and 20 wt.% active matter (AM - co-surfactant/surfactants) respectively. The study of the influence of active matter concentration and temperature in bath agitated used an experimental planning. The experiment also developed a system of percolation in bed to wash the soil and studied the influence of the concentration of active substance and volume of washing solution using an experimental planning. The optimal times to achieve hexane extraction were 30 and 180 min, while the best results using a 10% AM was 60 min and using a 20% AM was 120 min. The results of the experimental planning on bath showed that the maximum diesel removal was obtained when at a 20 wt.% of AM and under 50 ?C, removing 99.92% of the oil. As for experiments in the system of percolation soil bed, the maximum diesel removal was high when the volume of the washing solution was of 5 L and the concentration of 20% AM. This experiment concluded that the concentration of AM and the temperature were vital to bath experiments for diesel removal, while in the system of percolation soil bed only concentration of AM influenced the soil remediation / O combate ? polui??o do solo ? um desafio que tem envolvido pesquisadores de diferentes ?reas na busca de tecnologias que permitam a recupera??o do solo degradado. V?rios processos de remedia??o de solos contaminados por ?leos, e outros produtos da ind?stria do petr?leo, t?m sido propostos na literatura, por?m, estes processos geralmente t?m elevados custos operacionais. Este trabalho tem como objetivo propor uma metodologia eficaz para o tratamento de solos contaminados por ?leo diesel atrav?s de lavagem com solu??o precursora de microemuls?o de baixo custo. As solu??es de lavagem foram preparadas utilizando ?gua como fase aquosa, ?leo de coco saponificado (OCS) como tensoativo e n-butanol como cotensoativo. Neste estudo o solo foi caracterizado atrav?s de an?lises qu?micas e f?sicas. Realizou-se em banho termostatizado com agita??o, o estudo do tempo de dessor??o do diesel do solo com hexano e com as solu??es de lavagem, as quais tinham 10% e 20% de mat?ria ativa (cotensoativo/tensoativo). Foi realizado um estudo planificado da influ?ncia da concentra??o de mat?ria ativa e da temperatura, em banho agitado. Tamb?m foi desenvolvido um sistema de percola??o em leito para lavagem o solo, e estudou-se a influ?ncia da concentra??o de mat?ria ativa (MA) e volume da solu??o de lavagem utilizando um planejamento experimental. Os melhores tempos de dessor??o do diesel no do solo para o hexano foram de 30 e 180 min, enquanto que para a solu??o contendo 10% de MA foram necess?rios 60 min e para a solu??o com 20% de MA os melhores resultados foram obtidos com 120 min. Os resultados do planejamento experimental em banho agitado mostraram que a remo??o do diesel foi m?xima quando se utilizou 20% de MA na temperatura de 50?C, removendo 99,92% e para os experimentos no sistema de percola??o em leito de solo, a remo??o foi m?xima quando o volume da solu??o foi de 5 L e a concentra??o de 20% de MA. Conclui-se que a concentra??o de MA e a temperatura foram par?metros importantes nos experimentos em banho agitado para a remo??o do diesel, enquanto que no sistema de percola??o em leito de solo apenas a concentra??o de MA teve influencia na remedia??o do solo. O trabalho realizado apresenta-se como uma boa alternativa para remedia??o de solo contaminado por Diesel

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-08-17T18:46:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Ana Carolina Dornelas Rodrigues.pdf: 2997456 bytes, checksum: 7082d101a1655828518afc90a8e436b5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T18:46:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Ana Carolina Dornelas Rodrigues.pdf: 2997456 bytes, checksum: 7082d101a1655828518afc90a8e436b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-23 / FAPERJ / Nowadays water contamination by heavy metals is an increasingly common problem, mainly due to the intensity of human activities, such as industrial, which often discard these environments their effluents enriched with these elements. In this scenario, this work was to evaluate the potential of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) in the decontamination of water contaminated by heavy metals zinc (Zn) and Cadmium (Cd). For that, this research was divided into three chapters. In the first chapter, it was evaluated the ability to biosorption of heavy metals by dry matter of water lettuce where laboratory adsorption isotherms were carried out with five increasing doses of Zn contamination (1.8; 18; 50; 79 and 105 mg L-1) and 4 doses of Cd (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg L-1) in nine sampling times (1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours). The results showed that the dry biomass of water lettuce has biosorption capacity of the metals analyzed, enhanced by increasing the contact time with the solution. This conclusion was also demonstrated by determining the isothermal linear model, which indicates a high affinity of the adsorbent for the adsorbate. Changes in the morphology of the biomass were demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy images (SEM) before and after biosorption. In the second chapter it was evaluated the potential fitoextrator of water lettuce grown in increasing doses of Zn and Cd (separately) and the physiological response of the plant to this contamination. The experiment evaluated 4 doses of contamination of each metal (Zn = 0, 1.8, 18 and 180 mg L-1 and Cd = 0, 0.1, 1 and 10 mgL-1) and cultivation time 4 (24, 48, 72 and 168 hours). In each survey were analyzed: heavy metal content in the solution, root and aerial part of the plant; content of photosynthetic pigments by direct and indirect method and photosynthetic efficiency by transient fluorescence of chlorophyll a. The results showed that water lettuce has high potential to absorb and accumulate heavy metals in their tissues, preferably in the roots, thus promoting the maintenance of the pigment synthesis and photosynthetic efficiency in most doses tested. This absorption was enhanced with increasing time of cultivation, which increased the translocation of metals to shoot and carotenoid synthesis for the protection of the photosynthetic apparatus. Higher doses of the metals had their photosynthetic efficiency decreased. In the third section it was evaluated the kinetics of absorption of heavy metals by water lettuce to it have been installed to separate Zn and Cd experiments with two different concentrations of each metal (Zn = 18 and 1.8 and 0.1 Cd and 1.0 mg L-1), with three repetitions each, totaling 12 experimental units (6 units for each element). Aliquots of the solutions and measurement of pH were carried out at certain times until stabilization of the levels of metals in the solution. At the end, the biomass production, the levels of metals and the kinetic parameters of absorption (Km and Vmax) were evaluated. The results showed that the pH of the solutions was not affected by the cultivation of water lettuce and the highest Zn and Cd absorption rates were found in larger doses contamination of the solution. Biomass production was negatively affected by contamination, but these results did not affect the rate of absorption of metals by plants. Based on all the results it can be concluded that the water lettuce has potential for remediation of water bodies contaminated by heavy metals Zn and Cd, both with its dry biomass as for its in vivo cultivation. / Atualmente a contamina??o da ?gua por metais pesados ? problema cada vez mais frequente, principalmente devido a intensidade das atividades antr?picas, como as industriais, que muitas vezes descartam nesses ambientes seus efluentes enriquecidos com esses elementos. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial da Alface-d??gua (Pistia stratiotes) na descontamina??o de ?guas contaminadas pelos metais pesados zinco (Zn) e c?dmio (Cd). A pesquisa foi dividida em 3 cap?tulos. No primeiro, foi avaliada a capacidade de biossor??o de metais pesados pela mat?ria seca da Alface-d??gua, onde foram realizadas isotermas de adsor??o em laborat?rio, com cinco doses crescentes de contamina??o por Zn (1,8; 18; 50; 79 e 105 mg L-1) e 4 doses de Cd (0,01, 0,1, 1 e 10 mg L-1) em nove tempos de coleta (1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 e 72 horas). Os resultados mostraram que a biomassa seca da Alface-d??gua possui capacidade de biossor??o dos metais analisados, potencializada pelo aumento do tempo de contato com a solu??o. Tal conclus?o tamb?m foi demonstrada pela determina??o do modelo isot?rmico linear, que indica alta afinidade do adsorvente pelo adsorbato. Altera??es na morfologia da biomassa foram observadas na microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) antes e depois da biossor??o. No segundo cap?tulo foi avaliado o potencial fitoextrator da Alface-d??gua cultivada em doses crescentes de Zn e Cd (separadamente) e as resposta fisiol?gicas da planta a essa contamina??o. O experimento avaliou 4 doses de contamina??o de cada metal (Zn = 0; 1,8; 18 e 180 mg L-1 e Cd = 0; 0,1; 1 e 10 mg L-1) e 4 tempos de cultivo (24, 48, 72 e 168 horas). Em cada coleta foram analisados: teores de metais pesados na solu??o, raiz e parte a?rea da planta; teores de pigmentos fotossint?ticos por m?todo direto e indireto e efici?ncia fotossint?tica atrav?s da fluoresc?ncia transiente da clorofila ?a?. Os resultados mostraram o elevado potencial da Alface-d??gua em absorver os metais pesados e acumular em seus tecidos, preferencialmente nas ra?zes, o que favoreceu a manuten??o da s?ntese de pigmentos e a efici?ncia fotossint?tica na maioria das doses testadas. Essa absor??o foi potencializada com o tempo de cultivo, que aumentou a transloca??o dos metais para parte a?rea e a s?ntese de carotenoides para prote??o do aparato fotossint?tico. As maiores doses dos metais tiveram sua efici?ncia fotossint?tica diminu?da. No terceiro cap?tulo foi avaliada a cin?tica de absor??o dos metais pesados pela Alface-d??gua, sendo instalados experimentos separados para Zn e Cd, com duas concentra??es diferentes de cada metal (Zn =1,8 e 18 e Cd 0,1 e 1,0 mg L-1), com 3 repeti??es cada, totalizando 12 unidades experimentais (6 por elemento). Al?quotas das solu??es e aferi??o do pH foram realizadas em tempos determinados at? a estabiliza??o dos teores dos metais na solu??o. Ao final foram avaliados a produ??o de biomassa, os teores de metais e os par?metros cin?ticos de absor??o (Km e Vmax). Os resultados mostraram que o pH das solu??es n?o foi afetado pelo cultivo da Alface-d??gua e que as maiores velocidades de absor??o de Zn e Cd foram encontradas nas maiores doses de contamina??o da solu??o. A produ??o de biomassa foi afetada negativamente pela contamina??o, por?m esses resultados n?o interferiram na velocidade de absor??o dos metais pela planta. Com base em todos os resultados pode-se concluir que a Alface-d??gua apresenta potencial para remedia??o de corpos h?dricos contaminados pelos metais pesados Zn e Cd, tanto com sua biomassa seca como pelo seu cultivo in vivo.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-10-11T21:36:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 YanneKatiussyPereiraGurgelAum_TESE.pdf: 6627186 bytes, checksum: d33803d10b325c75e88616c3f67addc1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-10-15T00:29:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 YanneKatiussyPereiraGurgelAum_TESE.pdf: 6627186 bytes, checksum: d33803d10b325c75e88616c3f67addc1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-15T00:29:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 YanneKatiussyPereiraGurgelAum_TESE.pdf: 6627186 bytes, checksum: d33803d10b325c75e88616c3f67addc1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-23 / A deposi??o de parafinas ? um problema cr?tico na ind?stria do petr?leo, pois pode influenciar de maneira crucial as opera??es de produ??o e transporte. Apesar da diversidade de t?cnicas de remedia??o, as utilizadas atualmente apresentam problemas e limita??es na sua aplica??o devido aos mais diversos cen?rios encontrados. As microemuls?es apresentam elevado potencial de solubiliza??o, entretanto h? uma escassez de trabalhos voltados para a sua aplica??o na remo??o de parafinas. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver sistemas microemulsionados (ME) ?leo em ?gua (O/A) visando a remo??o de dep?sitos paraf?nicos. V?rias formula??es para quatro diferentes sistemas microemulsionados O/A foram avaliadas. Esses sistemas foram constitu?dos por: ALK-L90, como tensoativo; n-butanol, como co-tensoativo; ?gua destilada; e como fase ?leo, quatro diferentes solventes, querosene, xileno, diesel e a mistura querosene-xileno. Os sistemas foram caracterizados quanto ao equil?brio de fases, tamanho de part?cula, tens?o superficial e reologia. Estudos de molhabilidade da superf?cie paraf?nica a esses sistemas e do comportamento reol?gico dos sistemas ME contendo parafina, submetidos ? diferentes temperaturas, foram realizados com a finalidade de avaliar a intera??o fluido-parafina. Uma metodologia para avaliar a efici?ncia de remo??o de parafinas em dutos foi desenvolvida e empregada na avalia??o do desempenho dos sistemas propostos. Os resultados mostraram que os componentes qu?micos utilizados favoreceram a forma??o de microemuls?es O/A, do tipo Winsor IV. Os ensaios de molhabilidade confirmaram a elevada capacidade de intera??o entre os sistemas ME obtidos e a parafina. Sistemas ME com parafina apresentam comportamentos bighamiano e newtoniano, com boa capacidade de bombeamento devido aos baixos valores de viscosidade e de tens?o inicial de escoamento. A efici?ncia de remo??o (ER) dos sistemas ME O/A foi compar?vel e, em alguns casos, superior ? dos solventes puros, apesar do elevado percentual de ?gua. A modelagem e an?lise estat?stica dos dados experimentais de remo??o geraram modelos capazes de descrever e estimar a ER em fun??o da composi??o do sistema ME, bem como entender o seu mecanismo de atua??o. Portanto, os sistemas ME O/A propostos apresentam-se como uma alternativa concreta na remo??o de dep?sitos paraf?nicos, com menor risco ambiental e inflamabilidade que os sistemas convencionais utilizados na ind?stria. / Paraffin deposition is a critical issue in the petroleum industry, since it can crucially affect both transport and production operations. In spite of the diversity of remediation techniques, those currently used may present problems and limitations when applied, due to the great number of different scenarios that can be found. Even though the microemulsions display a high potential for solubilization, the studies related to their application in paraffin removal are very scarce. Thus, this work aimed to develop oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsion systems (ME) with high capacity of removing paraffin deposits. Several formulations of four different O/W microemulsion systems were evaluated. The aforementioned systems were composed by: ALK-L90 as surfactant; butan-1-ol as cosurfactant; distilled water; and as oil phase, four different components (kerosene, xylene, diesel and a kerosene-xylene mixture). The systems were characterized regarding phase equilibrium, particle size, surface tension and rheology. Paraffin surface wettability studies related to these systems, as well as studies on the rheological behaviour of each of the ME systems containing paraffin, under different temperatures, were performed aiming to assess the fluid-paraffin interaction. A methodology to evaluate the efficiency of paraffin removal in pipelines was developed and applied for the performance evaluation of each of the proposed systems. The results demonstrated that the chemicals used favoured the formation of Winsor-IV O/W microemulsions. The wettability studies confirmed the high interaction capacity between the ME systems and the paraffin surface. Also, the ME systems with paraffin presented Binghamian and Newtonian behaviors, with a great pumping capacity due to the low values of viscosity and initial flow tension. The removal efficiencies of the O/W ME systems were similar to and, in some cases, even higher than the efficiencies of pure solvents, despite the high water percentage. The statistical analysis and modelling of the experimental data generated models there are able to both describe and estimate the removal efficiency as a function of the ME system composition, as well as to understand its action mechanism. Therefore, the proposed O/W ME systems present a valid alternative in the removal of paraffin deposits, with lower environmental risks and inflammability than the conventional systems used in the industry.

Data de aprova??o ausente. / ?rea de concentra??o: Qu?mica Anal?tica. / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-12-21T17:35:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) rodrigo_carvalho_hott.pdf: 1415995 bytes, checksum: f0a923f5addbb9b380763851a41b99e6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-01-31T13:51:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) rodrigo_carvalho_hott.pdf: 1415995 bytes, checksum: f0a923f5addbb9b380763851a41b99e6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-31T13:51:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) rodrigo_carvalho_hott.pdf: 1415995 bytes, checksum: f0a923f5addbb9b380763851a41b99e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / A elevada toxicidade e potencial de acumula??o de ars?nio em diversos ambientes t?m incentivado pesquisas de novos m?todos de remo??o desse ?on em ?guas contaminadas. Dentre os diversos processos utilizados, a adsor??o contendo ?xidos de ferro tem apresentado bons resultados na remedia??o de ambientes aqu?ticos contaminados por ars?nio. Entretanto, muito do ars?nio liberado no ambiente aqu?tico ? proveniente de efluentes de minera??o, que apresenta meio extremamente ?cido, o que impossibilita a a??o da maioria dos adsorventes utilizados. Neste contexto, a K-jarosita surge como alternativa na remo??o de ars?nio em ambientes contaminados devido sua estabilidade neste ?mbito de baixo pH. Os estudos deste trabalho foram realizados no campus do Mucuri da UFVJM e tiveram como objetivo sintetizar, caracterizar e avaliar atrav?s de ensaios de adsor??o a efetividade de nanopart?culas de k-jarosita na remo??o de ars?nio inorg?nico (III e V) e ars?nio org?nico (?cido monometilars?nico-MMA) em ?gua contaminada, bem como a dessor??o destes elementos promovendo a libera??o dos s?tios de adsor??o dos nanomateriais. A K-jarosita foi caracterizada atrav?s da difratometria de raios-X, com seus pontos de reflex?o estando de acordo com o arquivo padr?o JCPDS 36-427. Seus dados difratom?tricos foram refinados pelo m?todo de Rietveld, caracterizando sua estrutura como rombo?drica de densidade 3,045g cm-3. Apresenta uma ?rea superficial de 9 m2 determinada atrav?s do m?todo BET, sendo uma estrutura mesoporosa, com poros apresentando volume de 0,034 cm3 g-1 e tamanho m?dio de 90?, determinados pelo m?todo BJH. Nos testes de adsor??o, os estudos cin?ticos demonstraram que a K-jarosita apresenta uma r?pida adsor??o, tendo o As(V) sido mais adsorvido que os demais. Com rela??o ao efeito de competi??o de ?nions, foram realizados ensaios com NO3-, PO43- e SO42-, sendo observada pouca interfer?ncia dos ?ons nitrato e fosfato, e um efeito de aumento de adsor??o do ?on sulfato com rela??o ao As (V). No caso do pH, foram avaliadas as faixas de pH do meio ?cido ao meio alcalino, sendo que nestas foi verificada maior estabilidade da K-jarosita em pH pr?ximo de 3, fora do qual ocorre sua desestabiliza??o com forma??o de outros ?xidos de ferro. A dessor??o ocorre em pH acima de 12, sendo o As-i (V) e o As-o MMA os mais facilmente liberados. Foram avaliadas isotermas de Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir-Freundlich e Redlich-Peterson, sendo todas adequadas ? adsor??o de ars?nio pela K-jarosita, tendo o modelo de Langmuir-Freundlich apresentado um melhor ajuste. A capacidade m?xima de adsor??o pelas nanopart?culas de K-jarosita foi de 11,12 mg g-1 para As (III), de 18,26 mg g-1 para As (V) e de 13,35 mg g-1 para MMA. Em an?lise de amostras de ?guas superficiais de rios contaminados por ars?nio, provenientes do munic?pio de Paracatu/MG, todas ficaram ap?s a adsor??o por K-jarosita abaixo dos limites estabelecidos pela legisla??o vigente. Foi realizada tamb?m a recupera??o do ars?nio ap?s dessor??o na forma de Ag3AsO4, o qual apresentou grande efici?ncia em ensaios de fotocat?lise, que tamb?m foram realizados. E como forma de funcionalizar o uso das nanopart?culas de K-jarosita, foram desenvolvidos prot?tipos de filtros que apresentaram grande efici?ncia na remo??o do ars?nio em amostras de ?gua. Atrav?s deste estudo, foi poss?vel verificar que a K-jarosita apresenta grande potencial de ser utilizada como forma de remedia??o ambiental em ambientes aquosos contaminados por ars?nio. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, [2016]. / The high toxicity and potential of arsenic accumulation in different environments have encouraged works of new ion removal methods in contaminated water. Among the various processes used, the adsorption containing iron oxides has shown good results in the remediation of aquatic environments contaminated by arsenic. However, much of the arsenic is released into the aquatic environment from mining waste, which presents extremely acid medium, which prevents the action of most adsorbents used. In this context, the K-jarosite is an alternative in the removal of arsenic in contaminated environments due to its stability in the context of low pH. Studies of this work were carried out in the Mucuri campus from UFVJM and aimed to synthesize, characterize and evaluate through adsorption tests the effectiveness of K-jarosite nanoparticles in inorganic arsenic removal (III and V) and organic arsenic (monometilars?nic acid -MMA) in contaminated water and desorption of these elements promoting the release of nanomaterials adsorption sites. The K-jarosite was characterized by diffraction of X-rays, with their reflection points are in accordance with the standard file JCPDS 36-427. Its difratom?trics data were refined by the Rietveld method, characterizing its structure and density of rhombohedral 3,045g cm-3. Having a surface area of 9 m2 determined by the BET method, being a mesoporous structure with pores having volume of 0.034 cm3 g-1 and 90 ? average size determined by the BJH method. In adsorption tests, kinetic studies have shown that K-jarosite has a rapid adsorption, and the As (V) was adsorbed more than the others. With respect to anions competition effect, tests were performed with NO3-, PO43- and SO42-, and observed little interference of nitrate and phosphate ions, and sulfate ion adsorption increased effect with respect to As (V). In the case of pH, the pH ranges from acid to alkaline medium were evaluated, and these were verified increased stability of K-jarosite at pH around 3, out of which a destabilization occurs with formation of other iron oxides. The desorption occurs at pH above 12 and the As-i (V) and o-MMA to more easily released. Langmuir isotherms were evaluated, Freundlich, Langmuir-Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson, all being suitable for the adsorption of arsenic by K-jarosite having the model of Langmuir-Freundlich presented a better fit. The maximum adsorption capacity for K-jarosite nanoparticles was 11.12 mg g-1 for As (III) 18.26 mg g-1 to As (V) and 13.35 mg g-1 for MMA . In analysis of surface water samples from contaminated rivers by arsenic, from the Paracatu city / MG, all they were after adsorption by K-jarosite below the limits established by law. It also performed the recovery of arsenic desorbed in the form of Ag3AsO4, which showed great efficiency in photocatalysis tests were also performed. And as a way to functionalize the use of K-jarosite nanoparticles filter prototypes were developed that showed high efficiency in the removal of arsenic in water samples. Through this study, we found that K-jarosite has potential to be used as a form of environmental remediation in aqueous environments contaminated by arsenic.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-12-04T20:21:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RayanaHozanaBezerril_TESE.pdf: 1462425 bytes, checksum: cac67c7bf1570bf9fe04615be96e17d0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-09T23:46:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RayanaHozanaBezerril_TESE.pdf: 1462425 bytes, checksum: cac67c7bf1570bf9fe04615be96e17d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-09T23:46:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RayanaHozanaBezerril_TESE.pdf: 1462425 bytes, checksum: cac67c7bf1570bf9fe04615be96e17d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-25 / Dentre as atividades econ?micas potencialmente poluidoras que comprometem a qualidade do solo e da ?gua subterr?nea est?o os postos revendedores de combust?veis. O vazamento de combust?veis derivados do petr?leo a partir de tanques subterr?neos ou atividades realizadas indevidamente com estes poluentes podem contaminar extensas ?reas, causando s?rios problemas ambientais e toxicol?gicos. O n?mero de postos de combust?veis cresceu desordenadamente, sem nenhum tipo de controle, com isso os impactos ambientais gerados por esses empreendimentos cresceram ocasionando a polui??o do solo e da ?gua subterr?nea. V?rias t?cnicas utilizando tensoativos t?m sido propostas para remedia??o deste tipo de contamina??o. Este estudo apresenta como inova??o a aplica??o de diferentes sistemas contendo tensoativos na fase vapor e compara suas efici?ncias de remo??o de diesel de um solo contendo esse contaminante. Para isso, foi utilizado um sistema que cont?m sete po?os injetores das seguintes solu??es vaporizadas : ?gua, solu??es de tensoativo, microemuls?o e nanoemuls?o, Os tensoativos utilizados foram o ?leo de Coco Saponificado (OCS), em solu??o aquosa e um ?lcool etoxilado UNTL-90: em solu??o aquosa, e em sistemas de microemuls?o e nanoemuls?o. Dentre os sistemas investigados, a nanoemuls?o foi a que apresentou maior efici?ncia de remo??o com 88% do diesel, sendo a mais vi?vel ecol?gica e tecnicamente por ser um sistema com menor teor de mat?ria ativa. / Among the potentially polluting economic activities that compromise the quality of soil and groundwater stations are fuel dealers. Leakage of oil derived fuels in underground tanks or activities improperly with these pollutants can contaminate large areas, causing serious environmental and toxicological problems. The number of gas stations grew haphazardly, without any kind of control, thus the environmental impacts generated by these enterprises grew causing pollution of soil and groundwater. Surfactants using various techniques have been proposed to remedy this kind of contamination. This study presents innovation as the application of different systems containing surfactant in the vapor phase and compares their diesel removal efficiencies of soil containing this contaminant. For this, a system that contains seven injection wells the following vaporized solutions: water, surfactant solution, microemulsion and nanoemulsion, The surfactants used were saponified coconut oil (OCS), in aqueous solution and an ethoxylated alcohol UNTL-90: aqueous solution , and nanoemulsion and microemulsion systems. Among the systems investigated, the nanoemulsion showed the highest efficiency, achieving 88% removal of residual phase diesel, the most ecologically and technically feasible by a system with lower content of active matter

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-01-23T13:58:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SeverinaDeniseSalesDeOliveira_TESE.pdf: 2528438 bytes, checksum: 5f125ec45949dcd34b41d4e430960c59 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-01-24T14:37:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SeverinaDeniseSalesDeOliveira_TESE.pdf: 2528438 bytes, checksum: 5f125ec45949dcd34b41d4e430960c59 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-24T14:37:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SeverinaDeniseSalesDeOliveira_TESE.pdf: 2528438 bytes, checksum: 5f125ec45949dcd34b41d4e430960c59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Neste trabalho est? sendo apresentado o processo de remedia??o de poluentes em meio aquoso usando micromotores de PEDOT/Pt, ZrO2-GO/Pt e micromotores Janus de magn?sio no tratamento de captura de CO2, remo??o de agentes neurol?gicos (como os compostos organofosforados) usados em bombas de natureza qu?mica e na remo??o do nitrito, respectivamente. A sustentabilidade ambiental tem sido um dos maiores desafios na atualidade. Preocupa??es quanto ao uso excessivo de recursos naturais e uma minimiza??o do impacto causado no meio t?m levado a grandes avan?os na ?rea da nanotecnologia. Os recentes estudos quanto ao uso dos micromotores tem mostrado que a combina??o dos componentes constituintes dessas microm?quinas e sua propuls?o t?m apresentado uma alta efici?ncia na remo??o de poluentes no meio ambiente. Todos os micromotores apresentados obtiveram excelentes resultados como a captura de 90% de g?s carb?nico promovido pelos micromotores de PEDOT/Pt, 91% de remo??o de metil-paraoxon usando os micromotores h?bridos de ZrO2-GO/Pt e 92,8% de remo??o do nitrito utilizando os micromotores Janus de magn?sio. / In this work has been presented the process of remediation of pollutants in aqueous medium using PEDOT/Pt, ZrO2-GO/Pt micromotors and Janus micromotors of magnesium in the treatment of CO2 capture, removal of nerve agents (e.g. organophosphorus compounds) used in chemical bombs and in the removal of nitrite, respectively. Environmental sustainability has been one of the greatest challenges today. Concerns about the excessive uses of natural resources and a minimization of the impact caused in the environment have led to great advances in the field of nanotechnology. Recent studies on the use of micromotors have shown that the combination of the constituent components of these micromachines and their propulsion has shown a high efficiency in the removal of pollutants in the environment. All micromotors presented excellent results such as the capture of 90% carbon dioxide promoted by the PEDOT/Pt micromotors, 91% removal of methyl paraoxon using the hybrid ZrO2-GO/Pt micromotors and 92.8% removal of the nitrite using the Janus micromotors of magnesium.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-09T21:56:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EvanimekBernardoSabinoDaSilva_TESE.pdf: 6744348 bytes, checksum: f090e76c94eab2c1452d1ff7b48943a1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-10T17:34:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EvanimekBernardoSabinoDaSilva_TESE.pdf: 6744348 bytes, checksum: f090e76c94eab2c1452d1ff7b48943a1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-10T17:34:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EvanimekBernardoSabinoDaSilva_TESE.pdf: 6744348 bytes, checksum: f090e76c94eab2c1452d1ff7b48943a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-15 / O presente trabalho foi realizado com a finalidade de observar a aplica??o do tratamento eletrocin?tico e o comportamento de seus fen?menos (eletr?lise, eletro-osmose, eletromigra??o e eletroforese) na descontamina??o de solos carbon?ceo contaminado por componentes ex?geno. Para a comprova??o desta, foi realizada uma s?rie de experimentos para determina??o de melhor volume para trtamento, assim modificando as c?lulas eletrocin?ticas utilizadas. Os experimentos foram realizados em c?lula com volumes internos diferentes, variando de 0.2 L, 1.5 L e 3.0 L, variando assim o volume para melhor comprotar as amostras, desta forma favorecendo a defini??o de uma c?lula com melhor rendimento para o experimental. Em ambos os experimentos desenvolvidos o solo foi contaminado com concentra??es diferentes de petr?leo bruto da forma??o Umburana, variando entre 500 mg/L a 2500 mg/L, desta maneira constituindo a matriz sedimentar carbon?fera contaminada. Para configura??o da amostra utilizou-se de uma quantidade de sedimento com peso variando entre 0,05 Kg, 0.8 Kg e 1,5 Kg de rocha sedimentar carbon?fera macerada, o processamento foi feito para que esta atigisse uma fra??o granulometrica de 35# (mesh) ou 0.5 mm. A s?rie de experimentos ser? discutida em tr?s grandes unidades; Experimentos preliminares, interm?diarios e finais nos quais se consolidou uma metodologia para o Remedia??o Eletrocin?tica de Solos (RES) com maior rendimento devido s interferencias construtivas da propria c?lula utliada. Os eletrodos utlizados para a remedia??o foram o ?nodo Dimensionalmente Estavel (DSA) de Rut?nio-Tit?nio-?xido (Ti/Ru0,34Ti0,66O2) e eltrodos de Gr?fite Carbono (gr?fite sp2) aplicando diferentes correntes eletricas. A elimina??o dos compostos org?nicos foi monitorada mediante Carbono Org?nico Total (COT), Potencial Zeta (?) e medidas espectrofotom?tricas (UV-Vis?vel). Tamb?m foram feitas medida de potencial Hidrog?nio-i?nico (pH), condutividade (S/cm), e volume de vaporiza??o do eletr?lito utilizado (Na2SO4). Os resultados indicaram descontamina??o do meio entre 50% a 80% com baixo custo de 0.04 Real/kWh, sendo um bom percentual para remo??o de derivados de petroleo em solo. Os testes duraram entre 72 h a 480 h e foi verificada a remo??o de poluentes org?nicos nos compartimento cat?dico e an?dico, e com provavel carga de metais pesado. O potencial zeta indicou que os compostos org?nicos s?o transportados devido aos fen?menos de eletromigra??o e eletro-osmose, e confirma que o tamanho das part?culas varia ao decorrer do tempo de descontamina??o, formando assim ?cluster? de part?culas eletricamente carregadas que em sua grande maioria det?m carga negativa. A eletr?lise dos eletr?litos favoreceu a forma??o de um gradiente de pH, formando assim uma frente ?cida/b?sica constatada por n?lise dos eletrolitos nos reserv?torios, esta permitindo um aumento na mobilidade dos contaminantes do solo para os reservatorios. O efluente residual contaminado com petr?leo, tamb?m foi tratado com ox?da??o an?dica utlizando de eletrodo de dimanete dopado com boro (DDB) e densidades de corrente de 20 e 60 mA/cm2, os n?veis finais de descontamina??o atingido pelo tratamento acoplado foram de 80% no residual do efluente, definindo um alto n?vel de descontamina??o. / This work was carried out with the purpose of observing the application of electrokinetic treatment and behavior of its phenomena (electrolysis, electro-osmosis, electromigration and electrophoresis) in the decontamination of carbonaceous soils contaminated by exogenous components. To test this, a series of experiments was performed to determine the best volume treatment thus modifying electrokinetic cells used. The experiments were performed in cells with different internal volumes ranging from 0.2 L, 1.5 L and 3.0 L, thus varying the volume to better comprotar samples thus favoring the development of a cell with better performance for the experiment. In both experiments developed soil was contaminated with different concentrations of crude oil from the formation Umburana ranging from 500 mg/L to 2500 mg/L, thus constituting the contaminated sediment coal matrix. For configuration of the sample used is an amount of sediment weighing between 0.05 kg, 0.8 kg and 1.5 kg of coal sedimentary rock macerated, processing was done so that is reached one granulometric fraction of 35 # (mesh ) or 0.5 mm. A series of experiments will be discussed in three main units; Preliminary experiments, intermediate and final in which consolidated a methodology for Electrokinetic Remediation of Soils (RES) with higher yield due to constructive interference of s own utliada cell. The utlizados electrodes for remediation were Dimensionally Stable Anode (DSA) of ruthenium-titanium-oxide (Ti/Ru0,34Ti0,66O2) and electrodes of graphite carbon (graphite sp2) applying different currents eletricas. The removal of organic compounds was monitored by Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Zeta potential (?) and spectrophotometric measurements (UV-Visible). They were also made Hydrogen ion-potential measurement (pH), conductivity (mS/cm) and the volume of vaporization of the electrolyte used (Na2SO4). The results indicated decontamination of the medium between 50% to 80% with low cost 0.04 Real/kWh, with a good percentage for removal of oil derivatives on the ground. The tests lasted between 72 h to 480 h and checked for removal of pollutants in the cathodic and anodic compartment, with possible load heavy metals. The zeta potential indicated that the organic compounds are transported due to electromigration and electro-osmosis phenomena, and confirms that the particle size varies during the decontamination time, thus forming "cluster" of electrically charged particles that mostly holds negative charge. Electrolysis of electrolyte favors the formation of a pH gradient, thus forming an acid/base face detected by analysis of the electrolyte in the reservoirs, it is enabling an increase in mobility of soil contaminants to the reservoirs. The residual effluent contaminated with oil, has also been treated with anodic oxidation utlizando of electrode the dimond doped with boron (DDB) and current densities of 20 and 60 mA/cm2, the final levels of decontamination achieved by coupled treatment were 80% in the residual effluent defining a high level of decontamination.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-03T22:43:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ElisamaVieiraDosSantos_TESE.pdf: 3300394 bytes, checksum: afc79bbf6afd6303b02fc69cee634fd8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-04T23:12:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ElisamaVieiraDosSantos_TESE.pdf: 3300394 bytes, checksum: afc79bbf6afd6303b02fc69cee634fd8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-04T23:12:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ElisamaVieiraDosSantos_TESE.pdf: 3300394 bytes, checksum: afc79bbf6afd6303b02fc69cee634fd8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Tecnologias eletroqu?micas t?m sido propostas como uma alternativa promissora para o tratamento de ?guas residuais e solos contaminados. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudo de tratamento de solos e efluentes contaminados usando tecnologias eletroqu?micas. Assim, o estudo referente ao aumento de escala do sistema eletroqu?mico de fluxo cont?nuo para o tratamento de ?gua residuais da ind?stria petroqu?mica foi investigado usando eletrodos de platina suportada em tit?nio (Ti/Pt) e Diamante Dopado com Boro (DDB). Os resultados mostraram claramente que sob as condi??es operacionais estudadas e os materiais eletrocatal?ticos empregados, a melhor efici?ncia de remo??o foi atingida com o eletrodo de BDD reduzindo a demanda qu?mica de oxig?nio (DQO) de 2746 mg L?1 para 200 mg L?1 em 5 h, consumindo 56.2 kWh m?3. A descontamina??o de solos e efluentes por derivados de petr?leo foi avaliada, mediante o estudo dos efeitos da remedia??o eletrocin?tica para remo??o de hidrocarbonetos totais de petr?leo (HTP) de solos contaminados com diesel. A efici?ncia deste processo foi dependente dos eletr?litos usados Na2SO4 (96,46%), ?cido c?trico (81,36 %) e NaOH (68,03%) durante 15 dias. Al?m disso, o efluente gerado ap?s o tratamento do solo foi tratado mediante oxida??o eletroqu?mica, atingindo uma boa elimina??o da carga org?nica de poluentes dissolvidos. Em fun??o do comportamento f?sico dos efluentes contaminados com petr?leo (estado emulsionado); efluentes emulsionados com atrazina foram investigados. As principais caracter?sticas dos efluentes produzidos durante a lavagem de solos contaminados foram estudadas, sendo dependentes da dosagem de surfactante usado; o que determinava seu tratamento eletrol?tico com BDD. A oxida??o eletroqu?mica do efluente emulsionado com atrazina mostrou-se foi eficiente, mas a chave do tratamento ? a redu??o do tamanho das micelas. / Electrochemical technologies have been proposed as a promising alternative for the treatment of effluents and contaminated soils. Therefore, the objective of this work was to study the treatment of contaminated soils and wastewaters using electrochemical technologies. Thus, the study regarding the scale-up of the electrochemical system with continuous flow treatment of wastewater of the petrochemical industry was investigated using platinum electrodes supported on titanium (Ti / Pt), and boron-doped diamond (BDD). The results clearly showed that under the operating conditions studied and electrocatalytic materials employed, the better removal efficiency was achieved with BDD electrode reducing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) from 2746 mg L-1 to 200 mg L-1 in 5 h consuming 56.2 kWh m-3 . The decontamination of soils and effluents by petrochemical products was evaluated by studying the effects of electrokinetic remediation for removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (HTP) from contaminated soil with diesel. The efficiency of this process was dependent on the electrolyte used Na2SO4 (96.46%), citric acid (81.36%) and NaOH (68.03%) for 15 days. Furthermore, the effluent after treatment of the soil was treated by electrochemical oxidation, achieving a good elimination of the organic polluting load dissolved. Depending on the physical behavior of wastewater contaminated with oil (emulsified state); atrazine emulsified effluents were investigated. The main characteristics of the effluent produced during the washing of contaminated soil were studied, being dependent on the surfactant dosage used; which determined its electrolytic treatment with BDD. The electrochemical oxidation of emulsified effluent of atrazine was efficient, but the key to the treatment is reducing the size of micelles.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CelynaKOS_DISSERT.pdf: 1291622 bytes, checksum: 6aba20d221ab35537c160d478e6ac5f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-16 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The soil contamination with petroleum is one of the major concern of industries operating in the field and also of environmental agencies. The petroleum consists mainly of alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. The most common examples of hydrocarbons polyaromatic are: naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, benzopyrene and their various isomers. These substances cause adverse effects on human and the environment. Thus, the main objective of this work is to study the advanced oxidation process using the oxidant potassium permanganate (KMnO4) for remediation of soils contaminated with two polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): anthracene and phenanthrene. This study was conducted at bench scale, where the first stage was at batch experiment, using the variables: the time and oxidant dosage in the soil. The second stage was the remediation conducted in continous by a fix column, to this stage, the only variable was remediation time. The concentration of oxidant in this stage was based on the best result obtained in the tests at batch, 2,464 mg / L. The results of degradation these contaminants were satisfactory, at the following dosages and time: (a) 5g of oxidant per kg soil for 48 hours, it was obtained residual contaminants 28 mg phenanthrene and 1.25 mg anthracene per kg of soil and (b) for 7g of oxidant per kg soil in 48 hours remaining 24 mg phenanthrene and anthracene 0.77 mg per kg soil, and therefore below the intervention limit residential and industrial proposed by the State Company of Environmental Sao Paulo (CETESB) / A contamina??o de solo com petr?leo ? uma das grandes preocupa??es das ind?strias que atuam no ramo e tamb?m dos ?rg?os ambientais. O petr?leo ? constitu?do basicamente por hidrocarbonetos alcanos e arom?ticos. Os exemplos mais comuns dos hidrocarbonetos poliarom?ticos s?o: naftaleno, antraceno, fenantreno, benzopireno e seus v?rios is?meros. Estas subst?ncias apresentam efeitos nocivos ao ser humano e ao meio ambiente. Logo, este trabalho tem como principal objetivo, estudar o processo de oxida??o avan?ada, utilizando o oxidante permanganato de pot?ssio (KMnO4), na remedia??o de solos contaminados com dois hidrocarbonetos poliarom?ticos (HPAs): antraceno e fenantreno. Este estudo foi realizado em escala de bancada, sendo a primeira etapa realizada experimentos em batelada, utilizando as vari?veis: tempo de remedia??o e dosagem do oxidante. Na segunda etapa, a remedia??o foi realizada em regime cont?nuo utilizando coluna de leito fixo, para esta etapa a ?nica vari?vel foi tempo de remedia??o. A concentra??o do oxidante nesta etapa, foi baseada no melhor resultado obtido nos ensaios em batelada, 2464 mg/L. Os resultados da degrada??o destes contaminantes foram satisfat?rios, nas seguintes dosagens de oxidante e tempo de remedia??o: (a) 5g de oxidante por kg de solo em 48 horas, foram obtidos contaminantes residuais de 28 mg de fenantreno e 1,25 mg de antraceno por kg de solo e (b) para 7g de oxidante por kg de solo em 48 horas restaram 24 mg de fenantreno e 0,77 mg de antraceno por kg de solo, ficando abaixo dos valores de interven??o residencial e industrial propostos pela Companhia Ambiental do Estado de S?o Paulo (CETESB)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IranML.pdf: 679853 bytes, checksum: 41b8ab13f1034bf3dbc30705bfdf84e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-14 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The objective of this scientific article is to introduce the opportunities of implementation of cleaner production (CP) in a shrimp culture farm. The methodology used for this was exploratory research implemented in a production unit located in the Northeast Brazil. The scientific article approaches since generic aspects of the technique about the management to use water, energy and the effluent characterization of this productive activity. It discusses quantitative aspects, environmental questions and chances of P+L during the productive process phases. The results points to input economy in the form of feed, soil correctives, medicines, and energy applied to the process, which range from 4% to 27%, emphasizing the small profit should be viewed as a source of considerable environment return. The authors conclude for the adoption property of this technique in this agribusiness segment, point out to the management importance of the input dosage in the quality of the final effluent, besides the adoption of a physical-chemistry remediation mechanism to the residual of Sodium metabissulphite used in the process of shrimp caught / O objetivo do trabalho ? apresentar uma estrat?gia de implementa??o da produ??o mais limpa (P+L) em uma fazenda de cultivo de camar?es. A metodologia utilizada foi pesquisa explorat?ria, realizada pela investiga??o via estudo de caso, implementada em uma unidade produtiva localizada no nordeste do Brasil. O trabalho aborda desde aspectos gen?ricos da t?cnica no que diz respeito ao gerenciamento do uso da ?gua, energia, e da caracteriza??o do efluente desta atividade produtiva. Discute aspectos quantitativos, considera??es ambientais, e oportunidades de P+L nas fases do processo produtivo. Os resultados apontam para economias de insumos sob a forma de alimentos, corretivos de solo, medicamentos, e energia aplicados ao processo, que variam de 4 a 27%, ressaltando-se que o pequeno ganho financeiro, deve ser encarado como uma fonte de consider?vel benef?cio ambiental. Os autores concluem pela propriedade da ado??o da t?cnica neste segmento do agroneg?cio, ressaltando a import?ncia do gerenciamento da dosagem de insumos na qualidade do efluente final, al?m da ado??o de um mecanismo de remedia??o f?sico-qu?mica para o residual de metabissulfito de s?dio utilizado na despesca