Various Image Based Rendering (IBR) techniques have been proposed to reconstruct scenes from its images. Voxel-based IBR algorithms reconstruct Lambertian scenes well, but fail for specular objects due to limitations of their consistency checks. We show that the conventional consistency techniques fail due to the large variation in reflected color of the surface for different viewing positions. We present a new consistency approach that can predict this variation in color and reconstruct specular objects present in the scene. We also present an evaluation of our technique by comparing it with three other consistency methods.

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-08T22:28:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 11b.pdf: 3072047 bytes, checksum: 9c0305dfc155386ec7b41cddd7d15b40 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-08T22:28:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 11b.pdf: 3072047 bytes, checksum: 9c0305dfc155386ec7b41cddd7d15b40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 18-05-18 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / FINEP - Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / A construção civil é um dos setores que mais consome recursos naturais não renováveis, além de ser um dos principais geradores de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU). Dentre os diversos recursos naturais extraídos da natureza, os agregados utilizados na construção civil são os insumos minerais mais consumidos no mundo. Com a crescente restrição da extração de areias dos rios e a escassez de areias naturais é essencial que o setor da construção venha a adotar uma postura ambiental e sustentável, através de desenvolvimentos tecnológicos de processos de reciclagem de resíduos. Uma das alternativas para a construção civil, tanto do ponto de vista econômico quanto ambiental, no abastecimento de areia para a construção é a substituição das areias extraídas dos rios (areia natural) por resíduos de concreto, para a produção de argamassas. Este estudo tem como objetivo principal avaliar o comportamento de argamassas de revestimento com incorporação de agregado miúdo reciclado de concreto (AMRC), em substituição à areia natural extraída de rio (AN). Os AMRC foram obtidos a partir de resíduos de dois tipos de concreto empregados na pré-fabricação: de concreto submetido à cura térmica à vapor (ARCT) e outro de concreto submetido à cura convencional (ARCC). As argamassas foram confeccionadas com cimento CP II Z– 32 e cal CH-I, empregando-se traço em volume 1:1:6 com índice de consistência fixado em 260 ± 5 mm, para as três misturas de argamassas. O estudo foi desenvolvido em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa foram analisadas a caracterização morfológica e a distribuição granulométrica das areias. Na etapa seguinte analisou-se o comportamento e características das argamassas no estado fresco e no estado endurecido. A análise das argamassas no estado fresco contemplou dados de índice de consistência, penetração de cone, squeeze flow, retenção de água, densidade de massa e teor de ar incorporado. No estado endurecido as propriedades estudadas foram densidade de massa, resistência à compressão, resistência à tração na flexão, absorção de água por capilaridade e coeficiente de capilaridade, absorção de água, índices de vazios, massa específica, módulo de elasticidade dinâmico e porosidade por intrusão de mercúrio. Verificaram-se diferenças significativas no comportamento das argamassas confeccionadas com os dois agregados reciclados. No estado fresco foi observado perda de trabalhabilidade; perda de densidade de massa; aumento de ar incorporado, com perdas mais expressivas para a mistura com ARCC. No estado endurecido observou-se redução da resistência à compressão e da resistência à tração na flexão para as argamassas com ARCC. Os dados apontaram ainda diminuição de absorção de água por capilaridade; aumento da absorção de água por imersão; aumento do índice de vazios; aumento da massa específica e redução do módulo de elasticidade dinâmico para ambas as argamassas com agregados reciclados. / The construction industry is one of the sectors that consume non-renewable natural resources, besides being one of the main generators of municipal solid waste. Among the various natural resources extracted from nature, the aggregates used in construction are the most consumed mineral inputs in the world. With the increasing restriction of sand extraction from rivers and the scarcity of natural sands it is essential that the construction industry adopt an environmental and sustainable development, through technological processes to recycle waste. One of the alternatives to the construction industry, from an economical and environmental point of view, the supply of sand for construction is the replacement of sand extracted from rivers (natural sand) for concrete waste, for the production of mortars. This study aims at evaluate the behavior of rendering mortar with incorporation of recycled aggregate concrete, replacing the natural sand. The morphological characteristics and composition of two aggregates made from concrete were analysed: one from concrete subjected to thermal curing and other to conventional curing, compared with a river sand. Characterization tests were performed on fresh mortar (consistency index, cone penetration, squeeze flow, water retention, density and air content) and hardened mortar (density, compressive strength, flexural strength, capillarity water absorption and capillarity coefficient, water absorption, density, dynamic modulus of elasticity and mercury intrusion porosimetry). For this experiment were followed the requirements of NBR 13281 (ABNT, 2005) and used Brazilian CP II Z-32 cement and CH-I lime. A proportion of 1:1:6 (cement, lime and sand) by volume, with index consistency set at (260 ± 5) mm was adopted for the three mixtures of mortars. There were significant differences in the behavior of the two mortars made with recycled aggregates, such as: loss of workability; loss of density; increased air content (especially mixing with ARCC), in fresh stage. Reduction of compressive strength and reduced flexural strength (except in the mixture with ARCT), reduction of water absorption by capillarity, increased water absorption by immersion, an increase in the index of emptiness, increased density and reduced dynamic modulus of elasticity, in the hardened mortar.

The first part of this thesis presents a convenient and flexible calibration method to estimate the relative rotation and translation among multiple cameras. A simple planar pattern is used for accurate calibration and is not required to be simultaneously observed by all cameras. Thus the method is especially suitable for widely spaced camera array. In order to fairly evaluate the calibration results for different camera setups, a novel accuracy metric is introduced based on the deflection angles of projection rays, which is insensitive to a number of setup factors. / The objective of this thesis is to develop a multiview system that can synthesize photorealistic novel views of the scene captured by sparse cameras distributed in a wide area. The system cost is largely reduced due to the small number of required cameras, and the image capture is greatly facilitated because the cameras are allowed to be widely spaced and flexibly placed. The key techniques to achieve this goal are investigated in this thesis. / Cui, Chunhui. / "November 2010." / Adviser: Ngan King Ngi. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-04, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 140-155). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

A grande ocorrência de manifestações patológicas em revestimentos de argamassa associadas à falha de aderência a substratos de concreto cada vez mais chama a atenção do meio técnico, pois além de prejuízos às edificações, pode representar risco aos usuários, motivando diversos trabalhos sobre o assunto. Abordando o problema, a presente dissertação teve como tema a aderência de revestimentos de argamassa à substratos de concreto estrutural. Além da revisão bibliográfica, foram realizadas uma pesquisa em cima de dados de ensaios de resistência de aderência de revestimentos de argamassa em obras e edificações em uso e um programa experimental executado em laboratório. A pesquisa analisou dados obtidos de determinações de resistência de aderência à tração em revestimentos de argamassa de construções e edificações em uso em cidades do Rio Grande do Sul, principalmente na capital Porto Alegre. As informações foram coletadas de ensaios em analogia à NBR 13528 (ABNT, 1995) realizados pelo Departamento de Materiais de Construção Civil da Fundação de Ciência e Tecnologia (CIENTEC/RS) entre 1998 e 2009, totalizando 2616 resultados. Foram correlacionados resistências de aderência, regiões de ruptura e tipos de revestimentos e substratos com o objetivo de analisar as interações destes parâmetros com os resultados de aderência. Entre as constatações destacam-se a aderência dos revestimentos aplicados sobre substratos de concreto estrutural, inferior aos substratos de alvenaria, que apresentaram média de aderência 60 % superior, e a maior ocorrência e menor valor médio de resistência das rupturas na interface concreto/chapisco nos ensaios realizados em revestimentos sobre concreto, resultados que ressaltam a importância do tema abordado e o programa experimental desta dissertação. O experimento realizado em laboratório analisou a influência da cura do chapisco na resistência de aderência de revestimentos de argamassa sobre painéis de concreto utilizando diferentes chapiscos, três convencionais e um industrializado (do tipo adesivo e aplicado com desempenadeira). Dos chapiscos convencionais, dois utilizaram CP IV-32 com traços 1:2 e 1:3 (em volume) e um utilizou CP II-Z e traço 1:3. As camadas de chapisco, logo após sua aplicação, receberam diferentes tratamentos de cura, variando a temperatura do ambiente (23°C e 50°C) e a umidificação das amostras, mantendo-se fixas a umidade do ambiente, os substratos e os revestimentos aplicados após cura dos chapiscos. A resistência de aderência à tração dos revestimentos foi verificada segundo a NBR 13528 (ABNT, 1995). O chapisco industrializado apresentou resistência de aderência 156 % superior à média dos chapiscos convencionais. Entre os chapiscos convencionais, o cimento utilizado mostrou influência significativa na aderência, onde o CP II-Z apresentou resultados superiores ao CP IV. A temperatura de cura também foi significativa nos valores de aderência dos chapiscos, que apresentaram queda significativa de 47,3 % quando curados com temperatura de 50°C. Corpos-de-prova moldados das argamassas de chapisco e curados de forma equivalente aos chapiscos dos painéis foram ensaiados quanto à resistência mecânica e absorção por capilaridade, segundo as NBR’s 13279 e 15259 (ABNT, 2005) respectivamente, onde foram percebidos efeitos significativos da temperatura e tipo de cura e tipo de chapisco nos resultados. / The high occurrence of pathologies in the mortar coverings associated with the failure of adhesion to concrete substrate increasingly catch the attention of technical community, as well as damage to buildings, can pose a hazard to users, resulting in several works on the subject. Approaching the subject, this paper was titled the adhesion of mortar renderings to structural concrete substrates. In addition to the literature review, were conducted a research upon data from tests on bond strength of mortar renderings in works and buildings in use and an experimental program performed in laboratory. The study analyzed data obtained from measurements of bond tensile strength in mortar renderings of constructions and buildings in use in cities of Rio Grande do Sul, mainly in the capital Porto Alegre. Information was collected from tests in analogy to NBR 13528 (ABNT, 1995) conducted by the Department of Construction Material of the Foundation of Science and Technology (CIENTEC/RS) between 1998 and 2009, totaling 2616 results. Resistances were correlated to adherence, regions of rupture and types of renderings and substrates in order to analyze the interactions of these parameters with the bond strength results. Among the findings highlight the adherence of coatings applied to substrates of structural concrete, below the masonry substrates, which showed an average 60% higher, and a higher rate and lower mean resistance of the breaks at the interface concrete/slurry in the trials performed in coatings on concrete, results that accentuate the importance of the theme and the experimental program of this paper. The laboratory experiment examined the influence of slurry mortar curing on the bond strength of mortar renderings on concrete panels using different slurry mortars, three conventional and one industrialized (adhesive type and applied with spattle). Two of conventional mortars used CP IV-32 1:2 and 1:3 volume proportion and one used CP II-Z and 1:3 proportion. Soon after its application, the layer of slurry mortar, received different curing treatments, varying the temperature (23°C and 50°C) and humidification of the samples, keeping fixed the ambient humidity, substrate concretes and renderings applied after slurry curing. The bond tensile strength of renderings was verified according to NBR 13528 (ABNT, 1995). The industrialized slurry mortar presented bond strength 156% higher than the average conventional slurrys. Among conventional mortars, cement used showed significant influence on bond strength, where the CP II-Z showed better results than the CP IV. The curing temperature was also significant in the bond strength values of slurrys, which decreased significantly from 47.3% when cured at 50°C. Specimens of slurry mortars and cured in an equivalent manner to rendered panels were tested for mechanical strength and absorption by capillarity, according to NBR's 13,279 and 15259 (ABNT, 2005) respectively, which were perceived significant effects of temperature and type of curing and type of mortars on the results.

A utilização de incorporadores de ar (AIA) em argamassas de revestimento é prática comum no setor de construção civil visto que podem ser obtidas vantajosas alterações nas propriedades no estado fresco e endurecido. Contudo, apesar do domínio da tecnologia e da química dos aditivos essa prática é ainda bastante empírica e seu uso tem sido apontado como um fator de complexidade operacional: a presença dos incorporadores de ar torna as composições muito sensíveis ao processamento, temperatura, tipo de cimento, transporte, etc., e essas variáveis afetam diretamente as características dos materiais no estado fresco e após o endurecimento. De fato, o desempenho desses materiais é dependente da quantidade, distribuição de bolhas e estabilidade do ar incorporado no estado fresco. Na prática, o difícil controle das propriedades dos materiais aerados é um dos fatores que têm desaconselhado a utilização desta tecnologia em diversas aplicações no setor construtivo. Assim, apesar das virtudes potenciais, a falta de controle no processamento dificulta o emprego de argamassas aeradas como tipos de materiais sustentáveis. Uma causa provável da falta de controle é que a velocidade de incorporação de ar é pouco compreendida, e a maioria dos estudos científicos são focados na avaliação do desempenho dos materiais no estado endurecido atentando-se, desta forma, para o efeito e não para a causa. A fim de preencher tal lacuna científico/tecnológica, o presente trabalho visa estudar os mecanismos e a velocidade de incorporação de ar em composições com cimento CPIIF durante o estado fresco e avaliar o seu impacto no estado endurecido. Para tanto, propôs-se uma abordagem de pesquisa inovadora na qual as propriedades das fases que compõem esses sistemas são avaliadas separadamente, determinando-se o impacto da utilização dos AIA em água, nas pastas de cimento e nas argamassas. Os resultados apontam que a quantidade efetiva de incorporador de ar e a qualidade da água afetam a capacidade espumante, que os aditivos não afetam a reação de hidratação do cimento, que a temperatura afeta as propriedades no estado fresco e endurecido das pastas, que é possível prever a porosidade resultante na argamassa a partir dos resultados observados na fase aquosa, que a distribuição granulométrica dos agregados é a variável de maior impacto nas propriedades reológicas e na permeabilidade das argamassas, propriedade intimamente ligada à durabilidade do revestimento. / The use of air-entraining agents (AEA) in rendering mortars is a common practice on the building sector because many advantages may be obtained in the fresh and hardened properties. However, in spite of the technology and chemistry of the admixtures knowhow, the air-incorporation in the cementitious materials is, still, very empirical and the use of AEA has being pointed out as a complex operational factor: its presence in the formulation gets the mortar very sensitive to the process, temperature, transport etc. and this variables can directly affect the hardened properties. In fact, the performance of these materials is very dependent of the quantity, size, distribution and stability of the air bubbles incorporated in the fresh state and in the practice, the difficult to control the aerated materials properties has dissuaded the utilization of this technique in many applications in the building sector. So, in spite of the potential virtues, the less of process control gets difficult the employment of the aerated mortars and concretes as sustainable materials. A probably cause of the air incorporation uncontrolled is that the rate of air generation in the cementitious materials is not correctly understand because the most researches are focused in the consequence and not in the cause. Thus, to try to eliminate such scientific/technology gap, this present PHD work was carried out to learn the kinetic of air incorporation in the pastes and mortar in the fresh state and evaluates the impact in the hardened state. For this, was proposed a innovative boarding where the phases that compound the systems will be research separately, determining the AEA impact on water, on the suspensions and on the mortars. The results show that the foaming capacity is influenced by the effective air-entraining admixture content and the water quality, that the cement hydration reaction was not influenced by AEA, that the temperature affects the rheological and hardened properties of suspensions, that it is possible to predict the mortar porosity from the results obtained in the water phase, that the fresh properties of mortars and it permeability (property closed related with rendering performance) were mainly affected by the aggregates granulometric distribution.

La génération d'images de synthèse pour la production cinématographique n'a cessé d'évoluer durant ces dernières décennies. Pour le non-expert, il semble que les effets spéciaux aient atteint un niveau de réalisme ne pouvant être dépassé. Cependant, les logiciels mis à la disposition des artistes ont encore du progrès à accomplir. En effet, encore trop de temps est passé à attendre le résultat de longs calculs, notamment lors de la prévisualisation d'effets spéciaux. La lenteur ou la mauvaise qualité des logiciels de prévisualisation pose un réel problème aux artistes. Cependant, l'évolution des cartes graphiques ces dernières années laisse espérer une potentielle amélioration des performances de ces outils, notamment par la mise en place d'algorithmes hybrides rasterisation/ lancer de rayons, tirant profit de la puissance de calcul de ces processeurs, et ce, grâce à leur architecture massivement parallèle. Cette thèse explore les différentes briques logicielles nécessaires à la mise en place d'un pipeline de rendu complexe sur carte graphique, permettant une meilleure prévisualisation des effets spéciaux. Différentes contributions ont été apportées à l'entreprise durant cette thèse. Tout d'abord, un pipeline de rendu hybride a été développé (cf. Chapitre 2). Par la suite, différentes méthodes d'implémentation de l'algorithme de Path Tracing ont été testées (cf. Chapitre 3), de façon à accroître les performances du pipeline de rendu sur GPU. Une structure d'accélération spatiale a été implémentée (cf. Chapitre 4), et une amélioration de l'algorithme de traversée de cette structure sur GPU a été proposée (cf. Section 4.3.2). Ensuite, une nouvelle méthode de décorrélation d'échantillons, dans le cadre de la génération de nombres aléatoires a été proposée (cf. Section 5.4) et a donné lieu à une publication [Dufay et al., 2016]. Pour finir, nous avons tenté de combiner l'algorithme de Path Tracing et les solutions Many Lights, toujours dans le but d'améliorer la prévisualisation de l'éclairage global. Cette thèse a aussi donné lieu à la soumission de trois mémoires d'invention et a permis le développement de deux outils logiciels présentés en Annexe A. / Image synthesis for movie production never stopped evolving over the last decades. It seems it has reached a level of realism that cannot be outperformed. However, the software tools available for visual effects (VFX) artists still need to progress. Indeed, too much time is still wasted waiting for results of long computations, especially when previewing VFX. The delays or poor quality of previsualization software poses a real problem for artists. However, the evolution of graphics processing units (GPUs) in recent years suggests a potential improvement of these tools. In particular, by implementing hybrid rasterization/ray tracing algorithms, taking advantage of the computing power of these processors and their massively parallel architecture. This thesis explores the different software bricks needed to set up a complex rendering pipeline on the GPU, that enables a better previsualization of VFX. Several contributions have been brought during this thesis. First, a hybrid rendering pipeline was developed (cf. Chapter 2). Subsequently, various implementation schemes of the Path Tracing algorithm have been tested (cf. Chapter 3), in order to increase the performance of the rendering pipeline on the GPU. A spatial acceleration structure has been implemented (cf. Chapter 4), and an improvement of the traversal algorithm of this structure on GPU has been proposed (cf. Section 4.3.2). Then, a new sample decorrelation method, in the context of random number generation was proposed (cf. Section 5.4) and resulted in a publication [Dufay et al., 2016]. Finally, we combined the Path Tracing algorithm with the Many Lights solution, always with the aim of improving the preview of global illumination. This thesis also led to the submission of three patents and allowed the development of two software tools presented in Appendix A.

The use of virtual reality (VR) for visualization can revolutionize medical training by simulating real world medical training procedures through intuitive and engaging user interface. Existing virtual reality based visualization systems for human anatomy are based on 3D surface and volumetric models and simulative systems based on model libraries. The visual impact as well as facilitation for learning are inadequate in such systems. This thesis research is aimed at eliminating such inadequacies by developing a non-immersive virtual reality system framework for storage, access and navigation of real human cadaveric data. Based on this framework, a real time software system called virtual cadaver navigation system (VCNS) is developed, that can be used as an aid for teaching human anatomy. The hardware components of the system include, a mannequin, an examination probe similar to a medical ultrasound probe, and a personal computer. The examination probe is moved over the mannequin to obtain the virtual tomographic slice from the real cadaveric3-D volume data. A 3-D binary space partitioning tree structure is defined to organize the entire volumetric data, by subdividing it into small blocks of predefined size, called as bricks that are assigned a unique address for identification. As the examination probe is moved over the mannequin, the set of bricks intersecting the corresponding tomographic slice are determined by traversing the tree structure, and only, the selected bricks are accessed from the main memory and brought into the texture memory on the graphics accelerator card for visualization. The texture memory in the graphics card and the main memory are divided into slots of size, that is a multiple of the brick size, and a tagging scheme that relates the brick addresses, texture memory slots, and the main memory blocks is developed. Based on spatial, temporal and sequential locality of reference, only the currently required bricks as well as some of the neighboring bricks are loaded from the main memory into the texture memory, in order to maintain the highest frame rates required forreal time visualization. The above framework consisting of the data organization and the access mechanism are critical in terms of achieving the interactive frame rates required for real-time visualization. The input data to the system consists of non-segmented voxel data, and the data segmented and labelled based on tissue classification. The software system includes a labeling tool, in order to display the specific tissue information at the the location of the mouse cursor. This facility is useful in both teaching anatomy and self learning. Thus, the proposed VCNS system supports efficient navigation through the human body for learning anatomy and provides the knowledge of spatial locations and the interrelationship among the various organs of the body. A prototype software system has been developed, which is capable of achieving a throughput of 30 frames per second and has been tested with a 18-Gigabyte human cadaveric data obtained from the National Library of Medicine, on a personal computer with 64 Megabytes of texture memory and 512 Megabytes of main memory.

<p>A numerical simulation case involving space plasma and the evolution of instabilities that generates very fast electrons, i.e. approximately at half of the speed of light, is used as a test bed for scientific visualisation techniques. A visualisation system was developed to provide interactive real-time animation and visualisation of the simulation results. The work focuses on two themes and the integration of them. The first theme is the storage and management of the large data sets produced. The second theme deals with how the Visualisation System and Visual Objects are tailored to efficiently visualise the data at hand. </p><p>The integration of the themes has resulted in an interactive real-time animation and visualisation system which constitutes a very powerful tool for analysis and understanding of the plasma physics processes. The visualisations contained in this work have spawned many new possible research projects and provided insight into previously not fully understood plasma physics phenomena.</p>

<p>På IKEA går produktionsflödet för en produktbild i dagsläget från konstruktionsritning till fotografering via tillverkning och montering. En produkt som är färdig för tillverkning definieras av sin mekaniska konstruktion och sina ytegenskaper. Ledtiden och kostnaden för bildproduktionen skulle kunna minskas betydligt om produkten kunde avbildas redan i detta stadium, utan att finnas tillverkad. För detta ändamål såg IKEA en möjlighet i att introducera ett nytt produktionsflöde där avancerad datorgrafik, grafisk teknik och bildbehandling omvandlar konstruktionsritningen till produktbild. Ambitionen är att från ritningen ta ut en 3D-modell, placera den i en omgivning, ljussätta och belägga den med material och av detta skapa en tryckbar produktbild som uppfyller företagets höga kvalitetskrav.</p><p>Syftet med examensarbetet var att ta fram förslag på ett konkret sådant flöde genom att undersöka olika programvaror som skulle kunna användas samt att identifiera problemområden och komma med lösningsförslag på dessa. Flödet delades upp i de fem problemområdena konvertering, modellering, ljussättning, material och rendering som bearbetades parallellt. Fokus har under hela projektet legat på färghantering och upplevd bildkvalitet genom att korrekt färg- och detaljåtergivning i bilderna varit pekpinne och ledsagare.</p><p>Konstruktionsritningarna som görs i SolidWorks har konverterats till 3D-modeller med programvaran PolyTrans. I 3ds max har produktmodellerna satts in i en miljö som liknar den verkliga fotostudion, belysts och belagts med material. Efter en studie av olika programvaror för rendering beslutades det att mental ray skulle användas varpå alla bilder skapats med denna. mental ray är en komplex renderare som beräknar ljussättning fysikaliskt riktigt vilket bidrar till fotorealistiska bilder.</p><p>Examensarbetet handlade till mångt och mycket om att köra olika produkter genom flödet och testa med olika inställningar i de olika stegen. Flödet utvärderades kontinuerligt genom att bilderna som kom ut bedömdes visuellt. Dessutom genomfördes några tester för att undersöka inblandade programvarors eventuella brister vad gäller färghantering och upplevd bildkvalitet. Det slutliga resultatet av examensarbetet blev ett flöde som i stor utsträckning liknar arbetsflödet vid nuvarande bildproduktion. Med minimal insats från retuschavdelningen uppfyller bilderna de krav som ställs för att de skall kunna tryckas i IKEA katalogen.</p>

<p>The technique of volume rendering can be a powerful tool when visualizing 3D medical data sets. Its characteristic of capturing 3D internal structures within a 2D rendered image makes it attractive in the analysis. However, the applications that implement this technique fail to reach out to most of the supposed end-users at the clinics and radiology departments of today. This is primarily due to problems centered on the design of the Transfer Function (TF), the tool that makes tissues visually appear in the rendered image. The interaction with the TF is too complex for a supposed end-user and its capability of separating tissues is often insufficient. This thesis presents methods for detecting the regions in the image volume where tissues are contained. The tissues that are of interest can furthermore be identified among these regions. This processing and classification is possible thanks to the use of a priori knowledge, i.e. what is known about the data set and its domain in advance. The identified regions can finally be visualized using tissue adapted TFs that can create cleaner renderings of tissues where a normal TF would fail to separate them. In addition an intuitive user control is presented that allows the user to easily interact with the detection and the visualization.</p>