Magistro studijų baigiamojo darbo tikslas-- įvertinant esamą situacija bei atliekant reikalingus tyrimus, nustatyti Klaipėdos šiluminės elektrinės teritorijos konversijos galimybes, pateikti projektinius pasiūlymus. Atlikus architektūrinę ir urbanistinę analizę nuspręsta plėtoti visuomeninės ir komercinės infrastruktūros teritorijoją, integruojant ja į miesto planinę- erdvinę struktūrą. Planuojamą teritoriją siūloma išvalyti, paliekant architektūrinę ir konstrukcinę vertę turinčius pastatus. Šiluminės elektrinės pastatas tampa teritorijos ir miesto dalies akcentu, turintis glaudų ryšį su senamiesčiu. Trijų tūrių kompozicija racionaliai pritaikoma šiuolaikinio meno centro funkcijai, kuriame projektuojamos ekspozicijų erdvės, konferencijų salės, vestibiuliai, viešojo maitinimo, techninės patalpos ir kt. Rengiant projektą naudojamos netradicinės konstrukcinės sistemos. Darbą sudaro grafinė medžiaga ir tekstinė dalis: įvadas, analitinė dalis, duomenų apie pastatą apibendrinimas, pastato architektūrinis ir konstrukcijų techninės būklės įvertinimas, tyrimo medžiagos apdorojimas, architekturiniai ir konstrukciniai pastato renovacijos siulymai, literatūros sąrašas. Atskirai pridedami darbo priedai – grafinės medžiagos sumažintos kopijos, maketo nuotraukos. / The aim of the final work of MA – identify the teritory conversion opportunities of Klaipeda thermopower station, evaluating the current situation and taking the relevant research methods . Develop comercial and public infrastructure area by using architectural and urbanistical analysis and integrating it into the target –spacial structure of the city. It is suggested to empty the target area, except the buildings that have architectural and structural value. The Thermopower station is going to be the accent of the teritory and the part of town, and have a close relation with the architecture of the oldtown. Three solids composition is adopted for the function of the modern art center, where exposition spaces, conference halls, lobbies, restaurants, technical rooms are being established. Untraditional constuctive systems were adjusted to prepare this project. The work contains graphic matereal and text part: introduction, analytical part, the summary of the building data, the evaluation of the building‘s architectural and constructive technical condition, processing of the research matereal, architectural and contructive renovation suggestions, bibliography. Appedixes: graphic matereal copies, photos of the model of the project.

Introduction | The building for this thesis project is one with a long history. Originally built as the First Baptist Church, it was converted over the years to fulfill a role completely different from its original intent; a student center! During this process and after a series of renovations, the Broad Street main grand entrance lost its place and the arrival into the building became much less choreographed. Essentially, over time one could say that this building had been flipped around, it has lost its original intent, grandeur and purpose. Hypothesis | I challenge the idea of flipping the building back to its original state to return its historical glory, significance and grand emotional experience. I hypothesize that a reorganization of spatial sequence (i.e. bringing the outside in and extending the inside out) can help flip this building around. Materials and Methods | I introduce an internal three sided staircase that mimics what exits exteriorly in an attempt to bring the outside in. This staircase becomes the center’s focal point as it rises to the third mezzanine level. The staircase is based on the “Golden Section” idea of proportional geometries which has been found inherent in the building. I extend the inside out by turning the “monumental” exterior grand steps into a place people can utilize. Results | Placing such a large structure by the building’s entry points had great impact on drawing people into the building and up the steps into the main lounge consequently re-choreographing the arrival experience. The design solution breathes new life into this building while still respecting and acknowledging all of its crucial and historic elements. Just as the altar was a main focal point when this building served as a church, the new transparent elevator shaft that is tucked in between the spiraling stairs becomes the center’s new focal point. The contemporary facade that was inserted asymmetrically on the west side of the building emphasizes the symmetry and contrasts the existing structure causing tension between the old and new but proving that they can coexist.

La France s’est engagée à diviser par quatre ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre entre 1990 et 2050. Cela impose une réduction considérable de la consommation d’énergie des bâtiments. En particulier, il faut réaliser des travaux de rénovation énergétique dans 500 000 logements par an. Actuellement, les rénovations sont réalisées de manière artisanale. La plupart des travaux sont effectués manuellement sur chantier avec une qualité de la mise en œuvre souvent insuffisante. Les délais sont rarement respectés et les coûts dérivent au cours du projet. Pour résoudre ces problèmes, ce travail de recherche propose d’industrialiser la rénovation. D’un point de vue technique, l’industrialisation consiste à concevoir et mettre en œuvre des solutions constructives qui s’adaptent à chaque bâtiment et assurent la maîtrise de la qualité. D’un point de vue organisationnel, elle vise à définir un processus de rénovation complet ainsi que les acteurs, outils et méthodes associés. Cette thèse présente à la fois le produit (système constructif) et le processus d’industrialisation. Le système constructif est basé sur des panneaux multifonctionnels de grandes dimensions qui sont préfabriqués en usine et fixés sur les façades extérieures des bâtiments. Il réduit fortement le temps de mise en œuvre sur chantier, mais il impose de connaître précisément la géométrie des façades existantes. Pour cela, une technique de relevé tridimensionnel sans contact peut être utilisée pour créer rapidement une maquette numérique des bâtiments existants. Celle-ci servira pour les études énergétiques, structurelles, et architecturales et pour la configuration. Ensuite, un configurateur est proposé pour aider l’utilisateur à choisir les options des panneaux et réaliser leur calepinage (choix de leurs dimensions et positionnement sur les façades). Il permet d’éditer la gamme de montage des panneaux et un devis précis. D’autre part, un outil d’estimation est proposé pour établir les devis et planning initiaux d’après les études préliminaires. Cet outil sera alimenté par le retour d’expérience du configurateur. Enfin, un outil d’optimisation est présenté pour planifier le chantier en fonction du plan de charge des fabricants de panneaux et des ressources nécessaires pour la mise en œuvre. La fonction objectif peut comporter plusieurs critères, dont la minimisation de la durée du chantier, des stocks et de la durée de location des engins de levage. / Divide by four its greenhouse gas emissions between 1990 and 2050 is one of the France’s commitments. A significant reduction in the energy consumption of buildings is therefore required. In particular, 500,000 dwellings per year must be energetically renovated. Currently, renovations are carried out with traditional methods. Most of the work is done manually on-site, often with a poor implementation quality. The deadlines are rarely met and the costs deviate during the project. To solve these problems, this research work puts forward to industrialize the renovation. From a technical point of view, industrialization consists in designing and implementing constructive solutions, which suit each building and ensure quality control. From an organizational point of view, it consists in defining a complete renovation process as well as the associated actors, tools and methods. This thesis presents both the product (construction system) and the industrialisation process. The construction system is based on large multifunctional panels that are prefabricated and fixed outside the buildings’ façades. It greatly reduces the on-site implementation time. However, a precise geometry of the existing façades is needed. To do so, a three-dimensional remote survey can be used to create quickly the building information modelling of the existing buildings. This one will be used for the energetic, structural and architectural studies and for the configuration. Then, a configurator is proposed to assist the user to choose the panel options and to make their layout plan (determination of their dimensions and position on the façades). It edits the panels’ assembly plan and an accurate quotation. Besides, an estimation tool is proposed to provide the initial estimate and work schedule based on the preliminary studies. This tool will be supplied with the configurator’s feedback. Finally, an optimization tool is presented to plan the renovation works according to the workload schedule of the panel’s manufacturers and the implementation resources. The objective function can have several criteria, including the minimization of the works duration, the stock and the duration of the lifting equipments rental.

ABSTRACT Sustainable development has become part of Government policy across the world. In the construction industry it has been introduced through the promotion of “sustainable construction” or “green construction”. International trends show a gradual move away from wasteful construction industry practices that include high resource consumption, material wastage, inefficiencies in construction processes and a high percentage of waste that find its way to waste disposal sites and illegal dumps. This research report seeks to promote sustainable construction and waste minimisation as preferred models for achieving a balance in the economic, social and environmental impacts of development. It reviews South Africa’s construction and demolition site practice from the perspective of construction and demolition waste management, assessing waste management practice and the resultant waste disposal. To gauge South Africa’s performance it benchmarks South African practice against those of the United States, United Kingdom, Germany and the Netherlands. This approach highlights gaps in South Africa’s current practice and also provides some valuable lessons that can be used to ensure compliance with sustainable construction principles. Finally the research report proposes a framework for developing a self-sustaining secondary construction materials market in South Africa, which can prove to be a valuable tool for ensuring the absorption of sustainable construction in the construction industry.

Este trabalho estuda as premissas e os procedimentos de projeto e planejamento para a definição de uma nova linha de metrô, na Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo - Metrô-SP. Estuda, também, quais são as referências usadas por esta empresa para balizar a correta inserção da linha no contexto urbano. A Dissertação se encerra com uma análise de um caso real, o Projeto de Reurbanização do Vergueiro, proposto pela EMURB e com a participação do Metrô. Mostra, da concepção do projeto à concorrência/derrocada, os eixos de sua implantação. Para em seguida fazer uma análise comparativa, no tempo, das razões possíveis do seu cancelamento. / This Masters Dissertation focuses the premises and procedures to design and planning of a new subway line at Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo - Metrô-SP, in Sao Paulo city. Mainly, shows the main directrices and references for the insertion of the line into the city and, also, the urban planning tools used by Metro in these designs. An analysis is made using a real case, the Reurbanização do Vergueiro, carried out by EMURB (Empresa Municipal de Urbanização) with Metros participation, closing this work. This analysis describes, from conception up to the final, the reasons of the failure of the enterprise. Also presents a comparative matrix of the possibles causes that acted in this case.

Le droit de la construction et de la rénovation de l'habitat est aujourd'hui une discipline qui donne lieu à un contentieux administratif fourni et lourd d'enjeux techniques comme politiques. Il s'agira de mener une étude comparée des droits français et thaïlandais pour tenter de déterminer si des principes directeurs permettent d'ordonner la discipline. Bien que les spécificités en matière d'urbanisme soient prises en compte par le juge administratif français et thaïlandais, les insuffisances et les inadaptations persistantes des règles du contentieux administratif et l'hésitation du juge à interpréter de manière adaptée cette matière sont constatées. / The law of construction and renovation of housing is a discipline which gives rise to an administrative litigation. It will be a question of leading a study compared under French and Thai law to try to determine if guiding principles allow to order the discipline. Although specificities regarding town planning are taken into account by French and Thai administrative judge, inadequacies and persistent maladjustments of the rule on administrative court procedure and hesitation of the judge to interpret in an adapted way are noticed.

Este trabalho estuda as premissas e os procedimentos de projeto e planejamento para a definição de uma nova linha de metrô, na Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo - Metrô-SP. Estuda, também, quais são as referências usadas por esta empresa para balizar a correta inserção da linha no contexto urbano. A Dissertação se encerra com uma análise de um caso real, o Projeto de Reurbanização do Vergueiro, proposto pela EMURB e com a participação do Metrô. Mostra, da concepção do projeto à concorrência/derrocada, os eixos de sua implantação. Para em seguida fazer uma análise comparativa, no tempo, das razões possíveis do seu cancelamento. / This Masters Dissertation focuses the premises and procedures to design and planning of a new subway line at Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo - Metrô-SP, in Sao Paulo city. Mainly, shows the main directrices and references for the insertion of the line into the city and, also, the urban planning tools used by Metro in these designs. An analysis is made using a real case, the Reurbanização do Vergueiro, carried out by EMURB (Empresa Municipal de Urbanização) with Metros participation, closing this work. This analysis describes, from conception up to the final, the reasons of the failure of the enterprise. Also presents a comparative matrix of the possibles causes that acted in this case.

Spinning the Plan Sideways is the story of Clara Gantz, a thirty-eight year old architect who spent her twenties getting her plans—and sections and elevations—just right. She built buildings in lieu of a family and has considered these buildings her children, but lately she’s been finding a void in wood, marble, and steel. Encouraged, with methods bordering on coercion, by Greta, her “sister” from the Gantz Home for Girls, Clara agrees to mentor Julien, a troubled twelve-year-old. Years ago, when Julien was five, his mother split their house apart, lifting it to make three-stories from one, and moved into the top level with her new husband and daughter, leaving Julien and his father, Michel on the levels below. The separation drove Michel to attempt suicide on Julien’s ninth birthday leaving him with violent aversions to homes over one-story tall. As Clara works with Julien, she discovers her life had been focused on developing the wrong types of plans and she invests in creating new plans for herself, Julien, and Michel. The story unfolds through the parallel viewpoints of Clara and Michel, with Julien’s Grim Fairytale tucked in the middle.

Under the pressure of energy shortage, energy saving has become one of the most important topics. The world isseeking different ways to follow the sustainable development concept and to solve the energy shortage crisis.This thesis is based on the idea of improving energy efficiency in the building industry which is one of thebiggest energy consumption industries. The aim of this paper is to simulate a renovation of an existing oldbuilding in Sweden according to the concept of building a Swedish Passive House and to see how much energycould be saved after the renovation. The target building Taljstenen 7A-C was built in 1960 in Uppsala and itbelongs to the housing company Uppsalahem. The target building is facing extensive renovation due to its age.An energy consumption model of the present building was built by the software VIP-Energy after measurementsand calculations. Based on the model, three important improvements are made in a simulative renovation process.The three improvements are insulating building envelope, installing a new FTX ventilation system with highefficient heat recovery system and installing solar collectors for hot top water and space heating. The resultsshow a significant reduction of energy consumption of the renovated building compared to the original onewhich is from 516MWh per year decreased to 371MWh. Although the renovated building did not completelyfulfil the Passive House Standard in Sweden, it still has improved to be a low energy building. The purpose ofsaving energy can be achieved.

This thesis summarizes the results from several studies with connection to sustainability in construction and management of real estate. Here, the concept sustainability includes environmental, social and economic dimensions and focus is on the actors with the best possibilities to impact real estate, namely the real estate owners and the developers. The thesis consists of six papers. Real estate owners’ perception of and incentives and strategies for sustainability was studied in four ways: incentives for energy efficiency and other sustainability issues in connection to renovation (papers I and II), factors that characterize firms with an ambitious approach to energy efficiency (paper V) and economic incentives for energy efficiency (paper VI). Developers’ behavior and impact on sustainability was studied in two ways: how developers’ planning and construction methods may influence energy consumption for future residents (paper III) and how developers relate to requirements for building environmental certification levels (paper IV). The first paper aims to clarify how housing firms see and treat energy efficiency matters in connection to renovation of multi-family buildings constructed during the 1960’s and 70’s. Interviews with housing firms resulted in four ideal housing firm types illustrating that housing firms have more or less incentives to improve energy efficiency. The second paper aimed to study a model for renovation of buildings in a residential area in peripheral Stockholm and to assess how it considers environmental, social and economic sustainability as well as technical concerns. Paper V builds on the results in paper I and aims to identify factors, on a firm level as well as in the surroundings of the firm, that characterize housing firms who own multi-family buildings from the 1960’s and 70’s and who have an ambitious approach to energy efficiency. Paper VI uses information from energy performance certificates to study whether better energy performance increases the selling price of single-family homes, which would increase owners’ incentives to improve energy efficiency. Paper III takes its starting point in an indicated shift in developers’ planning and construction practices for laundry facilities in owner-occupied multi-family buildings. The paper aims to clarify whether a shift has actually occurred from communal laundry rooms to in-unit laundry appliances and to illuminate the impact this could have on residents’ energy consumption for laundry. Paper IV reports the study of how developers who have adopted the environmental certification system LEED relate to the requirements for specific certification levels and how updated requirements risk undermining developers’ incentives for sustainable construction. / Den här avhandlingen sammanfattar arbetet från flera studier med koppling till hållbarhet inom bygg och förvaltning av fastigheter. Begreppet hållbarhet omfattar här tre dimensioner: miljömässig, social och ekonomisk hållbarhet, och fokus ligger på de aktörer som har mest möjlighet att påverka fastigheterna, nämligen fastighetsägare och projektutvecklare. I avhandlingen ingår sex uppsatser. Fastighetsägares uppfattning av och incitament och strategier för hållbarhet undersöktes på fyra olika sätt: incitament för energieffektivisering och andra hållbarhetsfrågor i samband med renovering (uppsats I och II), faktorer som karaktäriserar företag med ett ambitiöst förhållningssätt i energieffektiviseringsfrågor (uppsats V) samt ekonomiska incitament för energieffektivisering (uppsats VI). Projektutvecklares beteende och påverkan på hållbarhet undersöktes på två sätt: hur projektutvecklares planering och byggmetoder kan påverka energianvändningen för framtida boende (uppsats III) och hur projektutvecklare förhåller sig till kravnivåer i miljöcertifiering av byggnader (uppsats IV). Den första uppsatsen syftar till att belysa hur bostadsföretag ser på och behandlar energieffektiviseringsfrågor i samband med renovering av flerbostadshus byggda under miljonprogrammet. Baserat på intervjuer med bostadsföretag resulterade den explorativa studien i konstruktionen av fyra idealtyper av bostadsföretag med mer eller mindre incitament för att energieffektivisera. Den andra uppsatsen syftade till att undersöka en modell för renovering av miljonprogramshus i ett bostadsområde i Stockholms ytterområden och bedöma hur den tar hänsyn till miljömässig, social och ekonomisk hållbarhet tillsammans med tekniska överväganden. Uppsats V bygger på resultaten i uppsats I och syftar till att urskilja faktorer, såväl på företagsnivå som i företagets omgivning, som karaktäriserar bostadsföretag som äger flerbostadshus från miljonprogramsåren och som har en ambitiös hållning i energieffektiviseringsfrågor. Uppsats VI använder information från energideklarationer för att undersöka om bättre energiprestanda ökar försäljningspriset på småhus, något som skulle öka ägarens incitament för energieffektivisering. Uppsats III utgår från en indikerad förändring i projektutvecklares planering och byggmetoder av tvättinrättningar i flerbostadshus med bostadsrätt. Uppsatsen syftar till att klarlägga om en förändring har skett från gemensam tvättstuga till tvättmöjligheter i den egna bostaden och belysa vilken effekt det skulle kunna ha på de boendes energianvändning för tvätt. I uppsats IV klarläggs hur projektutvecklare som bygger enligt miljöcertifieringssystemet LEED förhåller sig till kraven för att uppnå nivåerna för att klassificeras och hur uppdaterade kravnivåer riskerar att undergräva projektutvecklarnas incitament för att bygga hållbart. / <p>QC 20141218</p>