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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

O uso de discurso reportado por reclamados e reclamantes em audiências de conciliação do PROCON

Barros, Carolina Peixoto 06 October 2009 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-10-11T11:55:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinapeixotobarros.pdf: 1556522 bytes, checksum: 48ebae7ed2cb7b9a4e679244852de989 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-10-11T15:58:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinapeixotobarros.pdf: 1556522 bytes, checksum: 48ebae7ed2cb7b9a4e679244852de989 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T15:58:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinapeixotobarros.pdf: 1556522 bytes, checksum: 48ebae7ed2cb7b9a4e679244852de989 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-06 / O objetivo deste estudo é contribuir para o preenchimento da lacuna que existe nos estudos linguísticos no Brasil a respeito de discurso reportado, uma vez que há poucas pesquisas com dados reais de fala, principalmente no contexto institucional, em particular nas situações de conflito. Para tanto, encontramos suporte teórico em uma perspectiva interacional em Linguística (GUMPERZ, 1999; COUPER-KUHLEN; SELTING, 2001; SILVEIRA, 2008) para investigar o uso do discurso reportado pelas partes – reclamados e reclamantes – de audiências de conciliação do PROCON (Procuradoria de Proteção e Defesa do Consumidor) de uma cidade mineira. Procuramos focalizar a identificação da função argumentativa, as estratégias de trabalho de face e os footings assumidos pelos participantes no uso de discurso reportado como um tipo de demonstração (CLARK; GERRIG, 1990). O embasamento teórico para o estudo da função argumentativa está principalmente na pesquisa de Schiffrin (1987), para o de trabalho de face Penman (1990) e Silveira e Gago (2005) e para o de footings Goffman (1998). A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, tendo sido usados os seguintes instrumentos para geração dos dados: gravações em áudio e transcrição destas gravações. Em um primeiro momento, examinamos as principais funções argumentativas que o discurso reportado apresenta na fala dos participantes – reclamantes e reclamados – de uma audiência de conciliação do PROCON. Posteriormente, focalizamos na análise das estratégias de trabalho de face; no discurso reportado como um tipo de demonstração; e, por último, nos footings assumidos pelas partes ao produzirem o fenômeno estudado. Os resultados indicaram que reclamados e reclamantes usam o discurso reportado para apresentar e sustentar seus pontos de vista. As partes litigantes, ao produzirem discurso reportado usam estratégias de trabalho de face para proteger sua própria face e ameaçar a do outro. Os resultados sugeriram, ainda, que o discurso reportado em nosso contexto de pesquisa também é um tipo de demonstração, ou seja, é usado para encenar os contextos e ações reportadas. Finalmente, a análise nos mostrou que reclamados e reclamantes animam a própria voz e a de outrem, via discurso reportado, para sinalizar seu (des-)alinhamento à situação reportada. / This study has as objective contribute for the fill of the gap that exists in the linguistic studies in Brazil regarding reported speech, since there are just few researches involving real speech data, mainly in institutional contexts, especially in the conflict situations. For theoretical purposes, we found support in an interactional perspective in Linguistics (GUMPERZ, 1999; COUPER-KUHLEN; SELTING, 2001; SILVEIRA, 2008) to investigate the use of reported speech by the parts - complainants and complainers - in the conciliation hearing on the PROCON (Department for Consumer Protection and Defense) of a city from Minas Gerais. We tried to focus the identification of the argumentative function, the strategies of facework and the footings assumed by the participants in the use of reported speech as a demonstration type (CLARK; GERRIG, 1990). The theoretical basis for the study of the argumentative function is mainly in the research of Schiffrin (1987), for the one of facework Penman (1990) and Silveira and Gago (2005) and for the one of footings Goffman (1998). The research is of qualitative nature and the following instruments were used to generate the data: audio recordings and transcription of these recordings. At first, we examined the main argumentative functions that the reported speech presents in the participants' speech - complainers and complainants - in a conciliation hearing at PROCON. Later, we focus in the analysis of the strategies of facework, on the reported speech as a type of demonstration and on the footings assumed by the parts to when they produce the studied phenomenon. The results indicated that complainants and complainers use the reported speech to present and to sustain their point of view. The litigant parts, in producing reported speech, use strategies of facework to protect their own face and to threaten the face of the other part. The results suggested, still, that the reported speech in our research context is also a type of demonstration, in other words, it is used to stage the contexts and reported actions. Finally, the analysis showed us that complainants and complainers encourage the own voice and the one of somebody else, through reported speech, to signal yours (mis-)alignment to the reported situation.
22

Polyphonie argumentative : Étude de la négation dans des éditoriaux du Figaro, de Libération et du Monde

Roitman, Malin January 2006 (has links)
<p>This thesis deals with the polyphonic and argumentative functions of the French negation marker, ne, in editorial texts from the daily press. The concept ‘polyphony’ relates to the presence of multiple voices within one and the same utterance. According to this view, negation triggers a subdivision of an utterance in two points of view. Thus the sentence Sweden will not be a part of the monetary union can be divided in two points of view, the underlying ‘Sweden will be a part of the monetary union’, and the explicit ‘Sweden will not be a part of the monetary union’.</p><p>First, I study the polyphonic structure of negative utterances, notably their division in two points of view, by taking into account their specific linguistic features. This is done so as to identify the relevant linguistic criteria that determine the polyphonic interpretation of the negation. The study demonstrates that contextual elements, including pragmatic connectors, presuppositions contrastive elements, and several other devices constitute the primary source of polyphonic markers.</p><p>Negation is furthermore approached from a textual perspective. I explore how the two opposite points of view that are associated with negation form polyphonic sequences with other points of view carrying the same semantic content, and how these dynamic points of view are associated to the different discourse beings that are found in the newspaper article. I found that these sequences often embrace the central polemic theme of the article and, also, that the polyphonic function is not restricted to the negative utterance but constitutes an element that ensures textual and argumentative coherence. These two analyses are carried out within Jean-Claude Anscombre’s and Oswald Ducrot’s Theory of Structural Argumentation, which has recently been formalised by Kjersti Fløttum, Coco Norén and Henning Nølke.</p><p>Finally in this thesis, I analyse the relation between the discourse beings associated with the negative utterance and real beings that exist outside the text, and then consider what rhetorical implications that correspondence or no correspondence has on the polyphonic interpretation of the negation. I also examine whether polyphonic negation can be considered to be a feature of newspaper editorials that identifies these texts as a genre. This study shows that the locuteur, the discourse being responsible for the enunciation of the negative utterance on a textual level, links to the real being, the editorial writer, who then refutes points of view associated to other discourse beings, often by use of nominalizations that refer to community voices. The locuteur also intrudes into an argument or claim, and refutes it in the name of a community or an authority.</p><p>By defining genre, as does the media researcher Patrick Charaudeau, as a correspondence between the constraints imposed by the discursive situation and the constraints imposed by the discursive features, and by considering that one of the editorial’s constraints is to persuade its readers, this study shows that the phrasal negation ne in its polyphonic function, constitutes a distinguishing feature in the genre of editorials. The refutations that are made by an editor constitute a distinctive argumentative strategy since it permits the editorial writer to present external points of view in order to refute them and thereby impose his or her own, subjective point of view.</p>
23

Styles de vie et façons de parler. Étude de quelques formes de discours dans différents milieux socio-culturels en Allemagne contemporaine / Life Styles and Ways of Speaking. A Study of Discursive Forms in Different Socio-Cultural Environments in Contemporary Germany

Jallerat, Britta 11 December 2012 (has links)
Cette thèse a pour objet de rapprocher la notion de « style » telle qu’elle est employée d’une part en linguistique et de l’autre en sociologie. Elle veut apporter un éclairage sur le rôle que peut jouer le linguiste dans la compréhension des phénomènes sociaux. Pour cela, une enquête par entretiens nous a permis de constituer un corpus étoffé, comportant une grande variété d’exemples, rendant ainsi possible l’analyse de styles sociaux et discursifs dans leur diversité. A cet effet, nous mobilisons la notion de « style », à l’origine réservée à l’écriture, mais qui, aujourd’hui, connaît un usage extensif. Nous distinguons deux acceptions récurrentes, esthétiques et pragmatiques, à partir desquelles nous proposons notre propre définition applicable à des productions langagières orales. Le concept sociologique de « style de vie » constitue un élément central de ce travail. Ce concept définit le style de vie à partir de « libres choix » des individus. Nous interrogeons le rapport entre le discours direct et le « style », envisagé d’un point de vue sociologique (un « vecteur » de style) ou linguistique (un procédé stylistique). Par ailleurs, nous analysons les structures langagières « préformées » ou « préfabriquées » dont l’emploi relève, comme l’utilisation du discours direct, d’un procédé stylistique, car c’est le locuteur qui choisit librement ce mode d’expression. Nous plaidons ainsi pour une meilleure prise en compte des phénomènes langagiers par la sociologie, en particulier celle des styles de vie, le linguiste contribuant aussi à la compréhension de l’Homme en tant que locuteur et acteur social. / The objective of this doctoral dissertation is to bring together the different ideas of “style,” as employed in linguistics and sociology. Its intention is to shed light on the role that the linguist can play in understanding social phenomena. To do so, my interview-based investigation constitutes a large and various study, making possible an analysis of diverse social and discursive styles. To this effect, I’ve employed the concept of “style,” originally confined to writing, but which currently has an extensive use. I distinguish two recurrent meanings, the aesthetic and pragmatic, from which I propose my own definition applicable to oral language productions. The sociological concept of “life style” constitutes a central element of this work. This concept defines life style as based on the free choice of individuals. I interrogate the relationship between direct discourse and style envisioned from a sociological point of view (a “vector” of style) or a linguistic perspective (a stylistic process). Moreover, I analyze “preformed” or “prefabricated” language structures whose use is deployed as a direct discourse from a stylistic process, for it is the speaker who can freely choose this mode of expression. This dissertation thus argues for a better understanding of language phenomena through sociology, in particular thatof life styles. The linguist contributes also to human understanding while being a speaker and social actor.
24

O realismo do romance contemporâneo de Bernardo de Carvalho: uma narrativa labiríntica em abismo

Lemos, Sandra Maria Fontinha de 29 April 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:58:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sandra Maria Fontinha de Lemos.pdf: 666400 bytes, checksum: bb556759d39af6bc2c85747eaa036b1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-29 / This academic research clings to the analysis of the novel O Sol Se Põe Em São Paulo, by Bernardo Carvalho as a representative sample of the Brazilian contemporary novel. In this paper we intend to show the features that define the different phases of the genre and the features which are still being used in the contemporary novel. For that we tried to understand the architectural-narrative of the corpus s text, decode what kind of conundrum the novel deals with and what kind of issues have the characters faced. All these issues are previously established as a basis to a hypothesis namely, the echogenic analysis of the text. We studied the process of the text production taking into consideration the wiles used by Bernardo Carvalho and that he took as stratagem to echo reflection, as an art craft amplifier. We acknowledge that these art crafts work as a mirrored system repeating the same function. Another subject analyzed in this paper is the role and the function of the voices, its interaction. We tried to pinpoint the fact that all the wiles used by the author follow the same stratagem, the same objective and that although these wiles had being used before, separately, they represent the idea that contemporary literature speaks of: that is an egotic literature. To sustain the critical-theorical foundation upon which this thesis is structured we chose some authors: Mikhail Bakhtin, Clement Rosset, Otto Rank, Lucien Dallenbach, Tzvetan Todorov, Michel de Certeau, and Merleau Ponty, among others. Along these three chapters we developed a cohesive text in which we could put up with the proposed theories and themes in accordance with the Bernardo Carvalho`s novel we analized. It stood out how the duplication, the mise en abyme and the exotopy reverberate, by the voice and the word, throughout the text drawing a realistic image in this contemporary novel / Esta pesquisa atém-se ao estudo do romance O Sol se põe em São Paulo, de Bernardo Carvalho, como um representante do romance brasileiro contemporâneo. Pretende-se mostrar os traços que marcaram as diferentes etapas do desenvolvimento do gênero e que ainda se mantêm no romance contemporâneo. Para tanto buscou-se entender a arquinarrativa da escritura do corpus analisado e decifrar de que tipo de enigma se trata e que problemática enfrentam suas personagens. Todas estas questões se colocam previamente como fundamento para a hipótese do trabalho que é a análise ecogênica da escritura do texto. A pesquisa do processo de produção da escritura leva em conta os artifícios usados por Bernardo Carvalho, que tomamos como artifício de propagação de eco, como artifícios amplificadores. Artifícios esses que entendemos funcionar como um sistema espelhado repetindo a mesma função. Outro assunto abordado nesta pesquisa é o papel e a posição das vozes, sua interação. Ressaltamos o fato de que os artifícios usados pelo autor seguem todos a mesma diretriz, o mesmo objetivo e que embora já tenham sido usados em separado, anteriormente, eles representam a literatura egótica contemporânea. Para dar suporte conceitual ao núcleo teórico-crítico deste estudo fundamentamo-nos em: Mikhail Bakhtin, Clement Rosset, Otto Rank, Lucien Dallenbach, Tzvetan Todorov, Michel de Certeau e Merleau Ponty, dentre outros. No desenvolvimento dos três capítulos colocamos as teorias e os temas propostos em diálogo com o romance de Bernardo Carvalho que analisamos, e demonstramos como a duplicação, a exotopia e o mise en abyme (artifícios ecogênicos) se propagam pela voz e pela palavra por toda escritura, desenhando uma imagem realista neste romance contemporâneo
25

La grammaire du monologue intérieur / The grammar of interior monologue

Floquet, Florence 15 March 2019 (has links)
Ce travail se propose d’étudier, sous un angle grammatical, le phénomène romanesque connu sous le nom de "monologue intérieur", qu’il convient d’emblée de distinguer du "stream of consciousness", auquel il est souvent ramené. Afin de mieux cerner et de définir ce qu’est le monologue intérieur, nous confrontons les définitions qui en sont généralement données à des textes de fiction anglophones, et nous analysons les techniques linguistiques utilisées pour représenter ce discours particulier. Il apparaît donc que le monologue intérieur n’est pas une technique linguistique mais doit plutôt se concevoir comme une catégorie narratologique. Ce discours s’incarne grâce à diverses techniques linguistiques : le discours immédiat mais aussi certaines des techniques du discours rapporté, avec en son centre le discours direct (libre) et à sa périphérie le discours indirect classique. Le discours indirect libre, quant à lui, navigue entre les deux. Ces différentes techniques reposent donc sur une conception particulière du discours intérieur qu’elles véhiculent, et leur étude permet d’étudier la possibilité offerte à l’auteur ou au narrateur de détourner leur forme afin de servir une stratégie narrative, avec parfois pour but de faire passer pour verbal ce qui ne peut l’être. / This thesis investigates the literary phenomenon known as “interior monologue” from a grammatical point of view, and is based on a clear distinction between “interior monologue” and what is called “stream of consciousness”, both phenomena usually being seen as the same. The main objectives are therefore to define what we call “interior monologue” in order to confront this definition with English language literary texts, and to analyse the various linguistic techniques used to represent this special discourse. Interior monologue is therefore seen not as a linguistic technique but as a narratological category. This particular discourse is represented using different linguistic techniques: “immediate discourse” but also some of the reported speech techniques, with (free) direct speech as the core of the category, and indirect speech at its periphery, free indirect speech navigating between those two poles. These techniques differ both in their form and in the conception of the interior discourse they convey, but they always create the illusion of giving access to the (fictional) original discourse. It is for this reason that we want to show the possibility for the author or the narrator to use a syntactic form suggesting a reported discourse seemingly closely linked to the original discourse, to represent something that sometimes cannot be considered as verbal.
26

Ungdomars berättande : En studie i struktur och interaktion / Storytelling in adolescence : A study of structure and interaction

Eriksson, Mats January 1997 (has links)
In any human culture the telling of stories for representing past events is likely to have a centralplace. The aim of this dissertation is to describe storytelling among Swedish adolescents from astructural, interactional and functional perspective, and to demonstrate how the meaning of thestory is interactionally constructed. The material consists of a corpus of 258 stories taken from 30 hours of tape recordings of conversations between adolescents, aged 10-15, of both sexes, mostly in naturally occurring situations. The majority of the recordings were made in the late 80's and early 90's, while others datefrom 1974-1984. The study tries to combine the theoretical and methodological ideas of conversational analysis(CA) and sociolinguistic discourse analysis. The method is basically qualitative and the analysesare carried out through detailed scrutiny of pieces of recordings and transcriptions. The aspects ofstorytelling that arc studied include the way the stories are introduced and accounted for in the ongoing conversation, how they are designed by the teller in order to propose and make the listeneraccept a certain version of what happened, and how the listener through his contributions duringthe telling can accept, modify, reject and negotiate the meaning proposed by the teller. Another aspect studied is how the stories serve as means for self- and other-presentations. The results show that, both as tellers and listeners, Swedish adolescents make use of many different strategies to structure the telling and evaluate the story. These include verb tense, word orderand different kinds of discourse markers as well as highly emotional and dramatizing features suchas reported speech, onomatopoetic expressions and laughter. A very important evaluative deviceis the discourse marker ba. Dramatization is also found in many of the listener's contributions tothe telling. It is also shown that there are substantial differences between boys and girls, both in the use of (some of) these dramatizing features and in the way they construct and present themselves and others in the stories. This seems to be due to the fact that storytelling serves different functions in groups of boys and girls. Finally, it is argued that there are some indications of an ongoing change in the narrative style of Swedish adolescents.
27

Polyphonie argumentative : Étude de la négation dans des éditoriaux du Figaro, de Libération et du Monde

Roitman, Malin January 2006 (has links)
This thesis deals with the polyphonic and argumentative functions of the French negation marker, ne, in editorial texts from the daily press. The concept ‘polyphony’ relates to the presence of multiple voices within one and the same utterance. According to this view, negation triggers a subdivision of an utterance in two points of view. Thus the sentence Sweden will not be a part of the monetary union can be divided in two points of view, the underlying ‘Sweden will be a part of the monetary union’, and the explicit ‘Sweden will not be a part of the monetary union’. First, I study the polyphonic structure of negative utterances, notably their division in two points of view, by taking into account their specific linguistic features. This is done so as to identify the relevant linguistic criteria that determine the polyphonic interpretation of the negation. The study demonstrates that contextual elements, including pragmatic connectors, presuppositions contrastive elements, and several other devices constitute the primary source of polyphonic markers. Negation is furthermore approached from a textual perspective. I explore how the two opposite points of view that are associated with negation form polyphonic sequences with other points of view carrying the same semantic content, and how these dynamic points of view are associated to the different discourse beings that are found in the newspaper article. I found that these sequences often embrace the central polemic theme of the article and, also, that the polyphonic function is not restricted to the negative utterance but constitutes an element that ensures textual and argumentative coherence. These two analyses are carried out within Jean-Claude Anscombre’s and Oswald Ducrot’s Theory of Structural Argumentation, which has recently been formalised by Kjersti Fløttum, Coco Norén and Henning Nølke. Finally in this thesis, I analyse the relation between the discourse beings associated with the negative utterance and real beings that exist outside the text, and then consider what rhetorical implications that correspondence or no correspondence has on the polyphonic interpretation of the negation. I also examine whether polyphonic negation can be considered to be a feature of newspaper editorials that identifies these texts as a genre. This study shows that the locuteur, the discourse being responsible for the enunciation of the negative utterance on a textual level, links to the real being, the editorial writer, who then refutes points of view associated to other discourse beings, often by use of nominalizations that refer to community voices. The locuteur also intrudes into an argument or claim, and refutes it in the name of a community or an authority. By defining genre, as does the media researcher Patrick Charaudeau, as a correspondence between the constraints imposed by the discursive situation and the constraints imposed by the discursive features, and by considering that one of the editorial’s constraints is to persuade its readers, this study shows that the phrasal negation ne in its polyphonic function, constitutes a distinguishing feature in the genre of editorials. The refutations that are made by an editor constitute a distinctive argumentative strategy since it permits the editorial writer to present external points of view in order to refute them and thereby impose his or her own, subjective point of view.
28

Verwendung des Konjunktivs bei indirekter Redewiedergabe in der wissenschaftlichen Textproduktion

Hüttenrauch, Oliver 28 April 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Ausgehend von der Frage nach der Funktionsrelevanz des Konjunktivs als Anzeiger für 'Indirekte Rede' wird in einem zweiten Schritt das modale Funktionspotential von Indikativ, Konjunktiv I und II im Spannungsfeld von Sprachnorm, Sprachvariation und Sprachsystem diskutiert. Im Fokus stehen dabei die so genannte 'Berichtete Rede' und abhängige Verbletztsätze. Die anschließende empirische Untersuchung erhebt mittels speziell entwickelter Lückensätze, inwieweit mit der Modusverwendung in beiden Strukturen textsortenstilistische Empfehlungen und textgrammatische Regeln befolgt werden. Eine zusätzliche Befragung zielt darauf ab, ob ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Verwendung einer Modusform und dem Ausdruck einer Sprechereinstellung (Zustimmung, Neutralität, Skepsis und Ablehnung) zum Wahrheitsgehalt der wiedergegebenen Information feststellbar ist. Die statistische Auswertung ergibt einerseits, dass die Mehrheit sowohl der nichtmuttersprachlichen, als auch der muttersprachlichen Studierenden die wiedergegebene fremde Rede entweder gar nicht oder nicht konsequent als solche kenntlich macht und damit gegen die Wahrung geistigen Eigentums verstößt. Andererseits führt auch die Beobachtung eines häufig unsystematischen Modusformengebrauchs in beiden Probandengruppen nicht zum Nachweis, dass mit diesen grammatischen Mitteln mehrheitlich spezifische Sprechereinstellungen ausgedrückt würden.
29

Les conventions du discours direct dans la poésie narrative vieil-anglaise / The Conventions of Direct Speech in Old English Narrative Poetry

Louviot, Elise 17 November 2012 (has links)
Le but de cette thèse est de mettre en évidence, au-delà des spécificités propres à chaque poème, les caractéristiques communes aux emplois du discours direct dans la poésie narrative vieil-anglaise. À cet effet, un groupe de huit textes a été choisi, représentant au mieux la variété du corpus poétique subsistant, tant par leur sujet que par leur style ou leur rapport éventuel à une source connue : Beowulf, la Genèse A et B, Christ et Satan, Andreas, Elene, Juliana et Guthlac A. Il ne s'agit pas ici simplement d'étudier la forme prise par le discours direct, mais aussi ce que cette forme révèle sur la conception que les poètes se faisaient de la parole et de la place de sa représentation dans le récit.La première partie de la thèse cherche à déterminer si les caractéristiques traditionnellement reconnues au discours direct en poésie vieil-anglaise - un goût pour la solennité au détriment de la caractérisation des personnages et du progrès de l'action - sont fondées et si elles concernent également tous les poèmes du corpus.La seconde partie s'intéresse à la nature des voix représentées au discours direct : dans quelle mesure elles permettent d'exprimer une subjectivité (et quel type de subjectivité) et quel est leur statut par rapport à la voix du narrateur.Les résultats indiquent que dans la poésie narrative vieil-anglaise, le discours direct n'est pas conçu comme un objet fondamentalement distinct du récit, ou comme l'expression d'une voix et d'un point de vue autre au sein de la voix du narrateur. Le discours direct apparaît comme une modalité actualisée du récit, un procédé dramatique et didactique qui adopte le même vocabulaire et le même point de vue que le récit. / The aim of this work is to identify the shared characteristics of direct speech in Old English narrative poetry, beyond the specificities of each text. So as to best reflect the diversity of the extant poetic corpus (in terms of topic, style or source), eight texts were selected for this study: Beowulf, Genesis A and B, Christ and Satan, Andreas, Elene, Juliana and Guthlac A. The aim of this thesis is not only to examine the form of direct speech, but also what it reveals concerning how poets viewed speech and the place of its representation in narrative.The first section of the thesis tries to determine whether the characteristics traditionally attributed to direct speech in Old English poetry - a taste for formality to the detriment of characterization and the progress of action - are valid and whether they are equally represented in all poems.The second section is concerned with the nature of the voices represented through direct speech: to what extent they express a form of subjectivity (and what type of subjectivity) and what their status is, compared with the narrator's voice.Results show that, in Old English narrative poetry, direct speech is not conceived of as an object radically distinct from narrative, or as the expression of another voice and point of view within the narrative voice. Direct speech appears as an actualized form of narrative, a dramatic and didactic device, using the same vocabulary and the same point of view as the narrative.
30

Sexo e adolescência no início do novo milênio: discursos sobre sexualidade na revista Capricho / Sex and adolescence in the beginning of the new millennium: discourses about sexuality in Capricho magazine

Sergio Antonio da Silva Ribeiro 27 March 2006 (has links)
Este trabalho tem por objetivo explorar e descrever as estratégias discursivas adotadas pela mídia quanto ao tema sexualidade na adolescência. Apresentamos nas considerações iniciais a nossa motivação para a presente pesquisa, que se deu a partir de um comercial estadunidense sobre o uso de camisinha como método anticoncepcional e preventivo contra doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, exibido em aulas de conversação em inglês para alunos do Ensino Médio de dois colégios particulares tradicionais do Rio de Janeiro. Diante do grande interesse dos alunos adolescentes sobre o tema sexualidade, verificamos, através de questionários enviados a eles, ser a seção Sexo da revista CAPRICHO a mais lida por esses jovens. Logo depois, tecemos breves considerações sobre a concepção de adolescente, por ser este a quem a mídia se dirige. Para isso, centramos nossa atenção nos seguintes pontos que tangem ao adolescente: a sexualidade na pós-modernidade, o campo da linguagem e a alteridade. Em seguida, no capítulo metodológico, descrevemos o percurso da pesquisa, que inclui os seguintes pontos: escolha da revista CAPRICHO, de periodicidade quinzenal, publicada pela Editora Abril, como fonte dos discursos sobre o debate em questão; caracterização geral dessa revista; processo de seleção dos artigos relevantes ao objetivo mencionado; definição da categoria de análise; delimitação do corpus propriamente dito. Nossa perspectiva teórica é a da Análise do Discurso de base enunciativa, com ênfase nos conceitos de dialogismo, de alteridade discursiva, de gêneros do discurso e de discurso relatado, segundo definição de Maingueneau e Authier-Revuz, marca lingüística relevante no discurso do veículo midiático em questão. Quanto à análise que conduzimos, verificamos que as estratégias discursivas adotadas pela revista CAPRICHO na seção Sexo ao longo do nosso corpus sofrem uma descontinuidade. A revista, que antes dava a voz a especialistas que legitimam saberes para o adolescente leitor, passa agora a trazer as vozes de fontes outras, que não a dos especialistas que antes respaldavam a seção. Como resultado, foi possível refletir sobre posições enunciativas identificadas nesse corpus específico, que a mídia tem insistido em educar os adolescentes, quanto ao que fazer com seus corpos, com sua sexualidade. Observamos, contudo, que o fato de ser informativo, não significa que seja adequado, científico, saudável. / This dissertation aims at exploring as well as describing the strategies adopted by the media concerning the theme sexuality in adolescence found in the section Sexo in the CAPRICHO magazine. Our main concern is to identify the key to the linguistic aspects found in its corpus. Furthermore, we shall observe the Reported Speech as a linguistic category mostly found in the section Sexo in CAPRICHO magazine. In analyzing the utterances in Reported Speech, we seek to identify the voices that lie behind the discourse from the specialists and other sources.

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