This research develops the social psychological study of lay perception of human rights and of rights-based reactions to perceived injustice. The pioneering work by social representation theorists is reviewed. Of particular interest is the use of rights-based responses to perceived relative subgroup disadvantage. It is argued that these responses are shaped by the historical development of the legal concept of unique subgroup rights; rights asserted by a subgroup that cannot be asserted by outgroup members or by members of a broader collective that includes all subgroups. The assertion of unique subgroup rights in contrast to individual rights was studied by presenting participants with scenarios suggestive of human rights violations. These included possible violations of privacy rights of indigenous Australians (Study 1), civil and political rights of indigenous Australians under mandatory sentencing schemes (Study 2), privacy rights of students in comparison to public servants (Study 3), refugee rights (Study 4), and reproductive rights of lesbians and single women in comparison to married women and women in de facto relationships (Study 5). The scenarios were based on real policy issues being debated in Australia at the time of data collection. Human rights activists participated in Studies 4 and 5. In Study 5, these activists participated via an online, web-based experiment. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. A social identity theory perspective is used drawing on concepts from both social identity theory and self-categorization theory. The studies reveal a preference for an equality-driven construal of the purpose of human rights law (i.e. that all Australians be treated equally regardless of subgroup membership) in contrast to minority support for a vulnerable groups construal of the purpose of human rights (i.e. that the purpose of human rights law is to protect vulnerable subgroups within a broader collective). Tajfelian social belief orientations of social mobility and social change are explicitly measured in Studies 3-5. Consistent with the social identity perspective, these ideological beliefs are conceptualised as background knowledge relevant to the subjective structuring of social reality (violation contexts) and to the process of motivated relative perception from the vantage point of the perceiver. There is some indication from these studies that social belief orientation may determine construals of the purpose of human rights. In Study 5 the observed preference for using inclusive human rights rhetoric in response to perceived subgroup injustice is explained as an identity-management strategy of social creativity. In Studies 4 and 5, explicit measurement of activist identification was also made in an attempt to further explain the apparently-dominant preference for an equality-driven construal of the purpose of human rights law and the preferred use of inclusive, individualised rights rhetoric in response to perceived subgroup injustice. Activist identification explained some action preferences, but did not simply translate into preferences for using subgroup interest arguments. In Study 5, metastereotyping measures revealed that inclusive rights-based protest strategies were used in order to create positive impressions of social justice campaigners in the minds of both outgroup and ingroup audiences. Ideas for future social psychological research on human rights is discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-16T14:49:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 1791319 bytes, checksum: 52bc8424263fb639549a11a96839fbd1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The initiative to create a virtual community has given to Brands the possibility of approaching the consumer and understands how the interactions occur between them, to the point of creating a grupal identity and a commitment in the light of experiences. However, the creation does not guarantee that consumers will be willing to have these same experiences with the brand and its products, but will make noticeable a standardization of behavior that leads to consume, based on cultural dimensions that involve local, rituals, artifacts, affection and shared awareness, giving rise to a tribe of consumption. Thus, to analyze the process that takes a virtual community of consumption to behave as a tribe, this study appropriated qualitative procedures to capture individuals' speech patterns, obtained by the use of netnography, reflecting the sense of e-tribe. These individuals were selected from the intensity of their interactions in the virtual community chosen, defined as Insiders and Devotees, where, in Social Representations Theory, the process of Anchoring generated their collective opinion, giving rise Discourses of Collective Subject to that evidenced in peladeiro.com.br community, a tribe behavior depending on the peladas (informal soccer games) and not exactly the brand sponsor of the virtual community. The data were analyzed by analysis of collective opinion with the help of software Qualiquantisoft, which allowed the generation of anchors forming DCS s (Discourses of Collective Subject) who responded to the research objectives. The results generates to the academic and managerial environments another approach in studies of virtual brand communities and the opportunity to understand the relationship of tribe that involves consumption and consumers so that these perspectives bring knowledge in marketing that provide balance in the exchange system . The study brings in its findings the elements found in the social relations of a virtual community that make this community a tribe. The limitations of the study that are offered at the end of work, can be seen as opportunities to expand knowledge both in the field of Marketing Theory as involved. / A iniciativa de criar uma comunidade virtual tem dado às marcas a possibilidade de se aproximar do consumidor e entender como se dão as interações entre eles ao ponto de criarem uma identidade de grupo e um compromisso em função das experiências vivenciadas. No entanto, a criação não assegura que esse consumidor estará disposto a ter estas mesmas experiências com a marca e seus produtos, mas fará perceptível a padronização de um comportamento que o leva a consumir, baseado em dimensões culturais que envolvem locais, rituais, artefatos, afetividade e consciência compartilhada, dando origem a uma tribo de consumo. Deste modo, para analisar o processo que leva uma comunidade virtual de consumo a se comportar como uma tribo, este estudo apropriou-se de procedimentos de natureza qualitativa para captar dos indivíduos padrões de discurso, captados pelo uso da Netnografia, que refletem o sentido de e-tribe. Tais indivíduos foram selecionados a partir da intensidade de suas interações na comunidade virtual escolhida, definidos como Imersos (Insiders) e os Devotos (Devotees), em que, na Teoria das Representações Sociais, o processo de Ancoragem gerou a sua opinião coletiva, dando origem aos Discursos do Sujeito Coletivo que evidenciaram, na comunidade peladeiro.com.br, um comportamento de tribo em função das peladas e não propriamente da marca patrocinadora da comunidade virtual. Os dados foram estudados através da análise da opinião coletiva com o auxílio do software QualiquantiSoft, que permitiu a geração as ancoragens formadoras dos discursos do sujeito coletivo que responderam aos objetivos da pesquisa. Os resultados geram ao meio acadêmico e gerencial mais uma abordagem nos estudos das comunidades virtuais de marca e a oportunidade de entender a relação de tribo que envolve o consumo e os consumidores de forma que estas perspectivas busquem no Marketing conhecimentos que propiciem o equilíbrio no sistema de trocas. O estudo traz em seus achados os elementos encontrados nas relações sociais de uma comunidade virtual que transformam essa comunidade em uma tribo. As limitações do estudo, que são propostas ao fim do trabalho, podem ser encaradas como oportunidades de ampliação do conhecimento tanto no campo do Marketing quanto da Teoria envolvida.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:21:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1371017 bytes, checksum: c1de720365fb96995b0b0964d004e631 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Drug abuse and addiction has been regarded as a major public health matter which has transcended social boundaries, leading society to a major concern. In this context, we find crack cocaine, a drug that came up in the 1990 s in Brazil, bringing along strong dependence and rapid damages to its users mental, organic and social health. In order to understand the psycho-social factors that are involved when it comes to its use, we sought to know and analyze the social representations elaborated by drug-addicts in relation to crack cocaine, drug-users and treatment. As a theoretical support, the Social Representations Theory was utilized in the perspective of structural and dimensional approaches. This is a descriptive research of qualitative characteristics which was held in a psychiatric institution in the city of João Pessoa. The sample was made up with 30 under-treatment male crack users. The instruments used were: a socio-demographic questionnaire which was analyzed through the simple frequency calculus and percentages; The Association Free from Words, with the tags crack cocaine , drug users and treatment , analyzed by the program EVOC; and a semi-structured interview, which was analyzed through Bardin s Thematic Content Analysis. Such instruments were applied individually inside the institutional environment, with a recorder and with all ethical precautions that are required for research with humans. A negative representation of crack cocaine was noticed in that it is personalized in the figure of the Devil with powers to destroy its users life and society in general, causing great sadness. Moreover, crack cocaine was perceived as something that takes over the individual thoroughly, causing them to be passive and weak in relation to it. Still, it was concluded that the drug user is accounted as someone not trustable, addicted, valueless, ill, characterless, and held responsible for the destruction of the family. Such an assumption leads to a number of implications, for social representations have a status of truth, guiding the subjects conduct. Thus, this negative representation over themselves may damage these users self-image, affecting their self-esteem and their capacity for fighting against drugs, making it difficult for them to succeed in their treatment as well as their social reinsertion. It was also observed that the treatment s social representation brings up a blaming approach by which the subject is practically considered to be the one guilty for remaining in the condition of addiction. With such results, the need for a change in these social representations was verified, with the comprehension of drug use as a multi-causal phenomenon and the recognition of a drug user as a citizen, with rights, duties and needs. We expect, with this research, to provide scientific data which will help authorities to create public policies turned to this problematic issue. / O uso abusivo de drogas tem sido considerado um problema de saúde pública, que vem ultrapassando todas as fronteiras sociais, preocupando toda a sociedade. Nesse contexto encontra-se o crack, que surgiu na década de 1990 no Brasil, causando forte dependência e prejudicando rapidamente a vida mental, orgânica e social dos seus usuários. A fim de compreender os fatores psicossociais que envolvem este consumo, objetivou-se conhecer e analisar as representações sociais elaboradas por dependentes químicos acerca do crack, dos usuários de drogas e do tratamento. Como suporte teórico foi utilizada a Teoria das Representações Sociais, na perspectiva das abordagens dimensional e estrutural. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de cunho qualitativo, que foi realizado em uma instituição psiquiátrica de João Pessoa-PB. A amostra foi composta por 30 usuários de crack, em tratamento, do sexo masculino. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: um questionário sociodemográfico, o qual foi analisado através do cálculo de frequências simples e porcentagens; a Associação Livre de Palavras, com os estímulos "crack", "usuário de drogas" e "tratamento", que foi analisada a partir do programa EVOC; e uma entrevista semiestruturada, que foi analisada por meio da Análise de Conteúdo Temática de Bardin. Os instrumentos foram aplicados no ambiente institucional, de forma individual, com o uso de gravador, tomando-se todos os cuidados éticos que envolvem a pesquisa com seres humanos. Verificou-se uma representação negativa do crack, em que ele é personificado na figura do Diabo, tendo o poder de destruir a vida de seus usuários e da sociedade em geral, gerando grande tristeza. Além disso, o crack foi percebido como algo que domina o indivíduo inteiramente, tornando-o passivo e impotente diante da droga. Constatou-se ainda que o usuário de drogas é representado como alguém não confiável, viciado, sem valor, doente, que não tem caráter e que é responsável pela destruição da família. Tal percepção acarreta uma série de implicações, pois as representações sociais possuem status de verdade, guiando as condutas dos sujeitos. Neste sentido, essa representação negativa sobre si mesmo pode prejudicar a autoimagem desses usuários, afetando sua autoestima e sua capacidade de enfrentamento às drogas, o que pode dificultar o sucesso do seu tratamento, bem como a sua reinserção social. Observou-se, também, que a representação social do tratamento apresenta um enfoque culpabilizante, em que o sujeito é considerado praticamente o único responsável pela sua permanência na condição de dependente. Diante dos resultados encontrados, verificou-se a necessidade de mudança dessas representações sociais, com a compreensão do uso de drogas como um fenômeno multicausal e o reconhecimento do usuário de drogas como um cidadão, com direitos, deveres e necessidades. Espera-se, com esta pesquisa, fornecer dados científicos que possam auxiliar os órgãos competentes na formação de políticas públicas voltadas para esta problemática.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:57:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carmem Lucia Arruda Rittner.pdf: 586905 bytes, checksum: b39b58d4c5a9efc5ab3b9e5a298ff106 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-30 / The aim of this research was to find out how do students understand the action field concept of Organizational Psychologists. Also how students in their professional practices represented the possibility of making interventions concerned to the improvement of social organizations as well as individuals This research has been developed with Psychology students from private university in Sao Paulo Brazil and it was based on the Social Representation Theory. To understand the Organizational Psychology phenomenon, as the social representation object, meant, above all, to identify the mechanisms that certain groups use to integrate this object (action field concept of Organizational Psychologists) and other mechanisms already presented in their knowledge (anchorage) as well as to identify the images and expressions that the groups materialize in their object s communication process (objetivação).The data were obtained from questionnaires and from an exercise of free associations evocations from three words were analyzed : Psychology, Psychologist and Organizational Psychology The content analysis of students response to the questions was made by the processing of the ALCEST (Alceste Computer Program) .and the analysis of frequency and order of evocations realized by the EVOC software . The results show that the social representation of Organizational Psychology by the students of Psychology is homogeneous and suggests a concept based in helping and listening attitude. Ethical considerations are nuclear to the speech of students. Conventional practices are peripheral of such representation. Conclusions point out that, although the results show in some extent that the social representation, by students of Psychology is been built in the direction of a more significant social participation, those improvements shall be accelerate to cope with the transformation of organizations in a globalized world / Este projeto tem como objetivo investigar a Representação Social de alunos de Psicologia sobre a Psicologia Organizacional, e a partir dessa representação social procurar entender como se apropriaram do conceito de campo de atuação do psicólogo e de oportunidades de atuação profissional e, ainda, como representam, na sua prática, a possibilidade de uma contribuição motivada por uma responsabilidade social transformadora. Assume como foco de investigação o discurso desses alunos e fundamenta-se na teoria das Representações Sociais. A coleta dos dados, a partir de um questionário com 3 (três) perguntas abertas, teve a análise de conteúdo desenvolvida pelo Programa ALCESTE. Um exercício de associação livre com as palavras indutoras Psicologia, Psicólogo e Psicologia Organizacional teve seus dados analisados pelo programa EVOC. Os resultados apontam para uma consistência e homogeneidade do discurso deste grupo de alunos e sugerem uma visão de psicologia que é claramente voltada para a atuação clínica numa função de ajuda e por uma predisposição à escuta. As considerações éticas se fazem presentes, assim como as referências aos aspectos de posicionamentos ideológicos, embora de maneira superficial. Finalmente aparecem alusões às práticas convencionais de psicologia organizacional e perifericamente às atuações mais sociais e com alcance ao maior número de indivíduos. Os dados sugerem que a representação social de psicologia organizacional está em construção na direção de uma atuação social mais relevante e a uma vinculação ao contexto globalizado e dinâmico, e as conclusões procuram estabelecer alguns parâmetros para a revisão dos tópicos de formação deste profissional

L’ampleur du phénomène du retour des jeunes diplômés marocains formés à l’étranger et la rareté des contributions scientifiques restent les principaux catalyseurs de s’aventurier dans cette démarche de recherche. Dans cette perspective, nous avons opté pour une étude centrée sur la réussite de la mobilité internationale des jeunes diplômés marocains formés à l’étranger par le biais des représentations sociales. Elle a pour enjeu d’enrichir les avancées de recherches sur la mobilité internationale, et d’apporter des réponses pratiques et tangibles aux nombreuses questions qui se posent au sein du monde des entreprises et des affaires.Notre question de départ se compose de deux volets principaux. Le premier s’intéresse à la compréhension du contenu de la représentation sociale de la réussite de la mobilité internationale de notre population d’étude. Le deuxième volet propose de déterminer les variables qui expliquent cette réussite. Pour répondre à la problématique de ladite recherche, nous avons subdivisé cette étude en deux parties. La première éclaire les théories et concepts inspirés de disciplines variées. Elle traite, par la suite, de la formulation des hypothèses et la présentation du modèle de recherche. La deuxième partie met en exergue les apports empiriques au travers de deux études d’investigation. Primo, nous avons réalisé une étude qualitative menée auprès de trente-deux responsables d’entreprises et experts opérant dans le monde des affaires au Maroc. Secundo, nous avons effectué une étude quantitative destinée aux jeunes diplômés marocains formés à l’étranger. En définitive, nous avons obtenu deux cents quatre-vingt seize réponses à notre questionnaire.Les résultats de notre recherche apportent de diverses implications managériales, notamment sur le plan de la compréhension de la substance de la réussite des jeunes diplômés formés à l’étranger et la détermination des facteurs les plus significatifs expliquant cette réussite. / The magnitude of the return of young Moroccan graduates trained and scarce scientific contributions remain the main catalyst to adventurer in this research process. In this perspective, we opted for a study focusing on the success of the international mobility of young Moroccan graduates trained through social representations. Its challenge to enrich advanced research on international mobility and to provide practical and tangible answers to the many questions that arise in the business world.Our initial question consists of two main components. The first is interested in understanding the content of the social representation of the success of the international mobility of our study population. The second proposes to determine the variables that explain this success. To address the issue of such research, we divided the study into two parts. The first illuminates the theories and concepts inspired from various disciplines. It deals later, the formulation of hypotheses and the presentation of the research model. The second part highlights the empirical knowledge through two field studies. First, we conducted a qualitative study of thirty-two companies and consultants working in the business world leaders in Morocco. Second, we conducted a quantitative study for young Moroccan graduates trained. Ultimately, we got two hundred ninety-six responses to our questionnaire.The results of our research provide various managerial implications, especially in terms of understanding the essence of successful graduates trained and determination of the most significant factors behind this success.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:29:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanderli Duarte de Carvalho 1_194.pdf: 2604830 bytes, checksum: 6aae3c2066d9140325e0e1a05861f79c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-28 / A questão relacional na área da saúde envolve o imaginário sociocultural. Nos casos de mulheres com câncer de mama, denota um caráter emergencial em virtude do elevado número de ocorrências ou pela falta de percepção feminina da doença, o que dificulta a prevenção e o tratamento em tempo hábil. Este estudo pretende analisar como e de que maneira ocorrem e repercutem as práticas discursivas entre os profissionais da saúde e as pacientes com câncer de mama. Para isso, delineamos como pressupostos teóricos as barreiras da comunicação, seja interpessoal, intrapessoal e não verbal. A metodologia foi com base na Teoria das Representações Sociais de Serge Moscovici e no Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC) de Ana Maria Cavalcanti Lefévre e Fernando Lefévre. Nas análises dos relatos das mulheres com câncer de mama, identificamos conflitos de ordem sociocultural, como crenças, valores pessoais, estereótipos, enfim, distorções provenientes do senso comum e do imaginário coletivo, disseminadas nas representações da doença levadas a público pela mídia em geral. Nas considerações finais, constatamos que tais representações (estigmas sociais) interferem na relação com os profissionais de saúde, influenciando, assim, a adesão ao tratamento da doença. Os aspectos comunicacionais são aqui apontados de maneira tácita.

Denna studie har analyserat hur polisen uppfattar att deras yrke framställs och representeras i tv-serien Tunna blå linjen som visas på SVT. Detta har gjorts genom en kvalitativ forskningsmetod som bygger på semistrukturerade forskningsintervjuer. I intervjuerna har sex poliser, som tagit del av de första sex avsnitten av Tunna blå linjen intervjuats med hjälp av en på förhand konstruerad intervjuguide. För att analysera intervjusvaren utgår studien från representationsteori, identitetsteori och teorier om polisjargong och polishumor. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur polisen anser att deras yrke framställs i tv-serien, om denna ger en bild som enligt verksamma poliser stämmer överens med deras upplevelse av yrket.    Studien visar att poliserna som intervjuades anser att deras yrke representerades på ett mer övertygande sätt än vad polisyrket brukar göra i dramaserier. Dock finns det vissa invändningar mot att viktiga delar i deras yrke spetsas till en aning, eller inte skildras över huvud taget. Detta har dock intervjupersonerna översikt med då de anser att dessa delar inte passar in i dramaformatet. Intervjupersonerna väljer dock att fortsätta ta del av serien då de attraheras av dramat, men också för att de anser att skildringen i tv-serien är så pass bra att de kan relatera till många delar av yrket. Intervjupersonerna kan också relatera till den identitet som skildras i tv-serien, och kan se stora likheter på jargongen och gemenskapen som utspelar sig mellan kollegorna i Tunna blå linjen. / The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to examine how the police believe that their profession is portrayed in the tv series Tunna blå linjen that is shown on Sveriges Television, SVT. Does the show give a depiction that according to active police officers is consistent with their experience of the profession. To accomplish the results of this study it has completed six qualitative and semi-structured interviews. The respondents are active police officers and they all have consumed the first six episodes of the show Tunna blå linjen. The study relates to the representations theory, the identity theory and a theory about police jargon and humor.  The results of this bachelor thesis shows that the respondents believe that the tv series Tunna blå linjen represents their profession in a more convincing way than the police profession usually does in other tv drama series. But however, they did react to the fact that the series did not show, for example all the paperwork they need to handle every day, and aggrandize some aspects of their profession, like the emotions of the characters. However, the interviewees are aware that these aspects have to be compromised for a drama series, and therefore they are indulgent.

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