The purpose of this exploratory study was to further investigate the notion of parental competencies through the use of the Juvenile Offender Parent Questionnaire as previously developed by Rose and colleagues (2004). The parent questionnaire was administered to 88 parents of juvenile probationers placed on probation in a Virginia county. Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed an eight-factor solution: parental exasperation, parental resignation, mistrust of the juvenile justice system, shame over parenting efficacy, parental monitoring, fear of the child, parent perceptions of child’s exposure to violence, and anger towards child. Regression analyses indicate that parental exasperation and parental resignation were not significant predictors of whether a juvenile violates their probation or subsequently offends while on probation; however, parental monitoring was significant. Moreover, this study highlights the significance of maintaining passing grades and refraining from substance use as predictors of offending patterns in probationers. This document was created in Microsoft Word 2003.

Orientador: Giovanni Antonio Pinto Alves / Banca: Francisco Luiz Corsi / Banca: Vinício Carrilho Martinez / Resumo: O objeto de estudo deste trabalho encontra-se na análise do Programa de Desligamento Voluntário - PDV implementado no Banco do Estado de São Paulo após a privatização da instituição ocorrida em 20 de Novembro de 2000, e nas implicações deste programa para o mundo do trabalho bancário. Trata-se de refletir sobre as formas contemporâneas de exploração do trabalho bancário e sobre as formas complexas de estranhamento social na etapa de mundialização do capital sob predominância do capital financeiro. Tomando como referência a reestruturação produtiva do trabalho bancário ocorrida no bojo do processo de reestruturação produtiva do sistema financeiro nacional nas últimas décadas do século XX, esta investigação analisa, a partir de dados bibliográficos, documentais e empíricos, a origem, a forma de ser e a lógica do PDV, e ainda, os impactos que este programa causa na subjetividade bancária. Parte-se da hipótese que o PDV é um instrumento fetichizado de gestão do trabalho utilizado como medida de redução de pessoal que, em seus desdobramentos, exerce forte efeito sobre a subjetividade bancária, ocasionando crise e rupturas e contribuindo para o desmonte do setor bancário estatal no país. A pesquisa concluiu que o PDV emergiu como uma importante ferramenta de gerenciamento do trabalho no bojo do processo de ofensiva do capital nos anos 1980 e foi amplamente utilizado por empresas públicas e privadas para demitir trabalhadores. Nesse contexto, o PDV apresenta-se como um instrumento fetichizado que impacta sobre os bancários causando a degradação de suas condições de vida e trabalho, complixificando o quadro de exploração e de estranhamento no ambiente laboral. / Abstract: The purpose of this work is the analysis of the Voluntary Resignation Program - VRP implanted in the Banco do Estado de São Paulo (State of São Paulo Bank) after the privatization of the institution in November 20th, 2000, and the consequences arising out of it to the banking labor world. It intends to ponder on the contemporary ways of exploiting the banking work as well as on the intricate ways of social strangeness in the stage of the worldwide capital spreading submitted to the preponderance of the financial capital. Upon the reference of the productive restructuring of the banking labor occurred during the process of productive restructuring of the national financial system in the last decades of the XX Century, this research analyses, from bibliographic, documental and empiric data, the VRP origin, way of being and its logic, and also the impacts this program causes on the bank subjectivity. The starting point of this work is the hypothesis that the VRP is a fetishistic tool of the work management, used as a means of cutting staff that, by its consequences, has a strong effect on the bank subjectivity, causing some crises and disruptions and collaborating for the dismantling of the state bank branch in the country. This research concluded that the VRP arose as an important tool of work management used by public and private enterprises aiming to workers dismissal. In this context, the VRP is presented as a fetishistic tool that causes impact on banking workers, motivating the degeneration of labor and life conditions, the exploitation panorama and strangeness in the labor environment becoming more intricate. / Mestre

Lagstiftningen som reglerar förhållandet mellan arbetsgivare och arbetstagare är arbetsrätten som regleras i lagen (1982:80) om anställningsskydd (LAS). Saklig grund måste uppfyllas för uppsägning samt avsked, för att dessa två ska vara giltiga i en rättsprocess. Detta innebär att arbetstagaren måste grovt ha åsidosatt sina åtaganden, detta kan exempelvis ske vid missbruk eller narkotikainnehav vilket framkommer i de rättsfall som behandlas i uppsatsen. Innan ett avsked eller uppsägning bör arbetsgivaren se över ett antal kriterier i valet av de två olika vägarna såsom omplacerings- och rehabiliteringsskyldigheten. En närmare granskning av de lagar samt kostnader som kan uppstå i och med den rådande lagstiftningen kommer att ses över. Uppsatsen kommer även behandlas ur ett HRM-perspektiv och se över de för och nackdelar detta innebär långsiktigt för arbetsgivaren, samt vilka andra vägar en arbetsgivare kan välja att gå vid avveckling av tillsvidareanställda, dessa kan vara mer eller mindre etiskt acceptabla. Arbetsgivare bör dock vara medvetna om de framtida konsekvenser dessa kan ge vid framtida rekrytering.En närmare granskning av ett flertal rättsfall kommer att ske för att ge läsaren en större förståelse över de kostnader som kan uppkomma vid avveckling. / The legislation governing the relationship between employers and employees is employment law in the Act (1982:80) (LAS). Factual basis must be met for dismissal and termination for any of these two to be valid in a lawsuit, this means that an employee must be in grave breach of his obligations. This may occur by misuse or possession of drugs as demonstrated in the court cases that is being cover in the essay. Before a termination or dismissal, the employer should review a number of criteria in the choice of the two different pathways such as relocation and rehabilitation obligation. A closer examination of the laws, regulations and costs that may arise from the current legislation will be reviewed. The essay will also be treated from an HRM perspective and review the pros and cons , this means long-term for the employer and which other ways an employer can choose to go for the settlement of the staff, these can be more or less ethically acceptable. Employers should be aware of the future implications these may provide in future recruitment. A close examination of a number of court cases will be done to give the reader a greater understanding of the costs that may be incurred in settlement.

Women's exit from employment has been explained in relation to their individual characteristics and family status, but little attention has been given to the relationship between women's experience in employment and their decision to leave. Attrition data indicates that women become even more likely to leave the Canadian Forces, relative to their male counterparts, after 10 years of service. A qualitative approach was used to explore the relationship between organizational environment and exit among women who left the Canadian Forces after serving more than 10, but less than 20 years. The analysis, which is based on interviews with 23 women, suggests that although organizational policies and regulations are evolving in attempts to integrate women, the experiences of women as women within a male-dominated organization contribute significantly to the attrition of women from that environment.

This study provides a demographic profile of former Indiana superintendents who exited during or immediately after the 1997-98 and 1998-99 school years. Exits were defined as leaving the position without returning within two years. The population consisted of 29 individuals, 23 of whom participated in telephone interviews in September and October of 2000. Data concerning the exits of the remaining six individuals were obtained from officials in the districts where the exits occurred. The study also examined perceptions regarding exits and conditions that may have prevented them.The population was predominately male (only one female); the mean age was 58 (none below the age of 50); and 616/6 reported having earned a doctorate. Most (45%) had been employed in districts with enrollments between 2001 and 5000 pupils, while 21% had been employed in large enrollment districts (>5000 students). Immediately after exiting the superintendency, just over 78% started receiving retirement benefits under the state program. Approximately three-fourths of the population (regardless of retirement status) continued to work after exiting, with 70% of this group reporting part-time employment. Among those who continued to work after leaving the superintendency, approximately 53% reported working in education or in an education related field.Reasons for the exits were mixed. The most common were conflict with the school board (27%), other full-time employment (17%), tired of the position (17%), wanted to retire (14%), thought it was time to leave (10%), and personal or spouse illness (10%). Just over 45% reported that nothing could have prevented their exit. The data does not support that the crisis in filling superintendent positions is caused by exits.Findings revealed a much lower exit rate in Indiana than in other states where similar studies were conducted. There was no evidence of mid career exits (before the age of 50) and less than 30% of the superintendent turnover in the state was actual exits. The study includes recommendations for additional research. / Department of Educational Leadership

In a recent judgment by the Free State Provincial Division of the High Court of South Africa it was decided that a trustee who resigns is only relieved from his duties when his name is removed from the letter of authority by the Master of the High Court. This judgment has caused many questions to be raised regarding the implications of the resignation by a trustee. This judgment and the current legal position of the resigning trustee are investigated in this dissertation. The legal position of the resigning trustee seems to be uncertain, and the mentioned judgment should not be unreservedly accepted as correct. The role and responsibility of the Master of the High Court in this process is considered, as well as the legal position of the resigning trustee, the remaining trustees and third parties contracting with the trust. Certain conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made regarding this aspect of South African trust law. / Thesis (LL.M. (Estate Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

In a recent judgment by the Free State Provincial Division of the High Court of South Africa it was decided that a trustee who resigns is only relieved from his duties when his name is removed from the letter of authority by the Master of the High Court. This judgment has caused many questions to be raised regarding the implications of the resignation by a trustee. This judgment and the current legal position of the resigning trustee are investigated in this dissertation. The legal position of the resigning trustee seems to be uncertain, and the mentioned judgment should not be unreservedly accepted as correct. The role and responsibility of the Master of the High Court in this process is considered, as well as the legal position of the resigning trustee, the remaining trustees and third parties contracting with the trust. Certain conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made regarding this aspect of South African trust law. / Thesis (LL.M. (Estate Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Thesis (MCom)--Stellenbosch University, 2015 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT : The industrial psychology literature related to call centres highlights the negative aspects of call centre work environments and the resultant adverse impact on workers’ well-being. Call centres have been labelled the “coal mines of the 21st century”, “assembly lines in the head” and “satanic mills” (Janse van Rensburg, Boonzaier, & Boonzaier, 2013, p. 2). High levels of stress, high staff turnover and burnout are all factors that are often experienced by call centre agents (Banks & Roodt, 2011). However, Van der Colff and Rothman (2009) report that some call centre agents, regardless of the high job demands, do not develop burnout. These agents cope better than others under highly demanding and stressful work conditions. To build on these findings, the present study took a detailed look at factors affecting the well-being of employees working in call centres. Specifically, the question was asked, “Why is there variance in work engagement, job burnout and intention to quit amongst the employees in call centres?” The job demands-resources (JD-R) model (Bakker & Demerouti, 2014) was used as a framework to investigate the well-being of call centre agents employed in the outbound departments of two branches of a Cape Town call centre. The primary objective of this study was to develop and empirically test a structural model, derived from theory, explaining the antecedents of variance in work engagement, job burnout and intention to quit amongst call centre employees. The antecedents comprise transformational leadership (as a job resource), emotional intelligence and psychological capital (as employees’ personal resources), and emotional labour (as job demands) present in a call centre environment. An ex post facto correlational design was used to test the formulated hypotheses in this research study. Quantitative data was collected from 223 call centre agents by means of non-probability convenience sampling. A self-administered hard-copy survey was distributed to the two call centre branches, given that call centre agents agreed to participate in the research study. Measuring instruments consisted of (1) the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17) questionnaire (Schaufeli et al., 2002), (2) the Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey (MBI-GS) (Maslach, Schaufeli & Leiter, 2001), (3) the Turnover Intention Scale (TIS) (Ding & Lin, 2006; Lee, 2000), (4) the Emotional Demands and Emotion-rule Dissonance scales (Xanthopoulou, Bakker, & Fischbach, 2013), (5) the adapted Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ 5x short) (Van Aswegen & Engelbrecht, 2009), (6) the Genos Emotional Intelligence Inventory (Gignac, 2010) and (7) the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (Luthans, Avolio, Avey, & Norman, 2007). The data was analysed using item analyses and structural equation modelling (SEM). A PLS path analysis was conducted to determine the model fit. From the 21 hypotheses formulated in the study, six were found to be significant. It is noteworthy, however, that 12 of the non-significant paths were related to the moderating effects. Hypotheses 1, 3 and 8 were also found to be not significant. However, hypotheses 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9 were all found to be statistically significant and therefore supported the JD-R theory (Bakker & Demerouti, 2014), which postulates that job demands are generally the most important predictors of job burnout, whereas job resources and personal resources are generally the most important predictors of work engagement. Also, it was found that call centre agents experiencing a high level of work engagement were less inclined to leave the organisation. The study’s findings shed light on the importance of developing interventions that can foster job and personal resources in the pursuit of optimising work engagement. In addition, the call centre agents can be bolstered in coping with existing job demands and cumulatively this also results in a decrease in the employees’ level of burnout and in their intention to leave the company. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : Bedryfsielkundige literatuur met betrekking tot inbelsentrums beklemtoon die negatiewe aspekte van die werkomgewing van inbelsentrums en die gevolglike nadelige effek op werkers se welsyn. Inbelsentrums is reeds beskryf as die “steenkoolmyne van die 21ste eeu”, ‘”monteerbande in die kop” en “sataniese meule” (Janse van Rensburg, Boonzaier, & Boonzaier, 2013, p. 2). Hoë vlakke van stres, hoë personeelomset en uitbranding is faktore wat gereeld deur inbelsentrum-agente ervaar word (Banks & Roodt, 2011). Van der Colff en Rothman (2009) rapporteer egter dat ten spyte van hulle hoë werkvereistes, sommige inbelsentrumagente nie uitbranding ervaar nie. Hierdie agente vaar beter as ander onder hoogs veeleisende en stresvolle werkomstandighede. Om verder te bou op die navorsing wat reeds onderneem is, kyk die huidige studie na die faktore wat moontlik die welsyn van werknemers in inbelsentrums affekteer. Met ander woorde, dit soek na die antwoord op die navorsingsinisiërende vraag: “Hoekom is daar verskille in die werksbegeestering, werksuitbranding en intensie om die organisasie te verlaat onder werknemers in inbelsentrums?” Om op hierdie navorsingsinisiërende vraag te kan reageer, is die job demands-resources (JD-R) model (Bakker & Demerouti, 2014) gebruik as raamwerk spesifiek om die welsyn van inbelsentrumagente wat in die uitbel-departemente binne twee takke van ‘n bekende uitbelsentrum, geleë in Kaapstad, te ondersoek. Die hoofdoelwit van hierdie studie was om ’n strukturele model te ontwikkel en te toets wat die antesedente van variansie in werksbegeestering, werksuitbranding en die intensie om die organisaie te verlaat, onder inbelsentrumwerknemers verklaar. Die spesifieke antesedente wat in hierdie studie getoets is, was transformasie-leierskap (as ’n werkshulpbron), emosionele intelligensie en sielkundige kapitaal (psychological capital) (as werknemers se persoonlike hulpbronne), en emosionele arbeid (as werkseise) wat in ‘n inbelsentrum-omgewing teenwoordig is. ʼn Ex post facto korrelasie-ontwerp is gebruik om die geformuleerde hipoteses in hierdie studie te toets. Kwantitatiewe data is by 223 inbelsentrumagente deur middel van nie-waarskynlikheids gerieflikheidsteekproeftrekking ingesamel. ’n Selfgeadministreerde hardekopie-opname is in die twee takke van die inbelsentrum versprei, aangesien hulle ingestem het om aan die studie deel te neem. Die opname het spesifieke latente veranderlikes gemeet wat op die studie van toepassing is deur gebruik te maak van betroubare en geldige meetinstrumente. Hierdie instrumente sluit in (1) die Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17) vraelys (Schaufeli et al., 2002), (2) die Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey (MBI-GS) (Maslach, Schaufeli & Leiter, 2001), (3) die Turnover Intention Scale (TIS) (Ding & Lin, 2006; Lee, 2000), (4) die Emotional Demands en Emotion-rule Dissonance skale (Xanthopoulou, Bakker, & Fischbach, 2013), (5) die aangepaste Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ 5x kort) (Van Aswegen & Engelbrecht, 2009), (6) die Genos Emotional Intelligence Inventory (Gignac, 2010) en (7) die Psychological Capital Questionnaire (Luthans, Avolio, Avey, & Norman, 2007). Die versamelde data is deur middel van item-analise en strukturele vergelykingsmodellering geanaliseer. ’n PLS pad-ontleding is onderneem om modelpassing te bepaal. Vanuit die 21 hipoteses wat vir hierdie studie geformuleer is, is ses bevind om betekenisvol te wees. Dit is egter merkwaardig dat 12 van die nie-betekenisvolle bane verband gehou het met modererende effekte. Hipoteses 1, 3 en 8 is ook bevind om nie-betekenisvol te wees. Hierdie nie-betekenisvolle bane kan op grond van verskeie redes ontstaan. Hipoteses 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 en 9 is egter almal bevind om statisties betekenisvol te wees en ondersteun dus die JD-R teorie (Bakker & Demerouti, 2014). Hierdie teorie hou voor dat werksvereistes oor die algemeen die belangrikste voorspellers van werksuitbranding is, terwyl werkshulpbronne en persoonlike hulpbronne oor die algemeen die vernaamste voorspellers van werksbegeestering is. Dit is ook bevind dat inbelsentrumagente wat ’n hoë vlak van werksbegeestering ervaar, minder geneig is om die organisasie te verlaat. Die studie se bevindings werp lig op die belangrikheid daarvan om ingrypings te ontwikkel wat werks- en persoonlike hulpbronne kan kweek in die nastrewing van die optimering van begeestering en om inbelsentrumagente te help om die bestaande werkseise te hanteer. Gevolglik sal hierdie uitkoms lei tot ’n vermindering in die werknemers se vlakke van uitbranding en in hulle intensies om die organisasie te verlaat.

A concessão de incentivos tributários tem sido uma política fiscal recorrente de diferentes entes estatais para atrair investimentos, gerar empregos ou mesmo desenvolver uma região específica. Apesar de controversa a aplicação da política de incentivo fiscal como geração do desenvolvimento econômico, é possível identificar na literatura casos bem sucedidos de desenvolvimento regional baseado na aplicação de incentivos fiscais para a atração de investimentos. O Estado do Rio Grande do Sul também recorreu a uma política de incentivos fiscais para a atração de investimento e desenvolvimento da indústria local e, ainda hoje, há traços claros dessa política em sua legislação. Dentro dessa política destaca-se a renúncia fiscal do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul no setor de máquinas e equipamentos agrícolas. O propósito desse trabalho foi analisar a relevância desse incentivo fiscal para as indústrias do setor de máquinas e equipamentos agrícolas instaladas no Estado, no período de 1970 a 2008, demonstrando que esse ramo de atividade também é dependente de outros fatores para o seu desenvolvimento, como o preço das commodities, linhas de financiamento, mão de obra especializada etc., e correlacionados com a capacidade de geração de empregos dentro do Estado, capacidade de promover o desenvolvimento regional, capacidade de gerar valor agregado dentro do Estado e, não menos importante, capacidade de fixação dessa indústria dentro do Estado diante da concorrência de outros Estados da federação que, também, oferecem incentivos tributários similares. / Tax incentives have been used for different levels of public entities to attract investments, generate jobs or develop a specific region. Although there is diverging opinion about the benefits generated through of the application of tax incentive to promote economic development, is possible to identify successful cases of regional development based on tax incentive to attract investments. The State of Rio Grande do Sul, also applied tax incentives to attract investment and to develop local industry. Most part of these tax incentives policies is valid in current day. Among these policies of the Rio Grande do Sul State there is the specific tax incentive to the sector of agricultural machinery and equipment. The purpose of this study, was analyzed the relevance of this tax incentive for industry of agricultural machinery and equipments located in the State between 1970 and 2008, showing this activity is also dependent on other factors for the development as commodity prices, lines of credit, specialized labor etc., and correlated with job generation in the State, capacity to promote regional development, generate added value within the State, and fixed the industry in the State although the other States offer similar tax incentives.

A concessão de incentivos tributários tem sido uma política fiscal recorrente de diferentes entes estatais para atrair investimentos, gerar empregos ou mesmo desenvolver uma região específica. Apesar de controversa a aplicação da política de incentivo fiscal como geração do desenvolvimento econômico, é possível identificar na literatura casos bem sucedidos de desenvolvimento regional baseado na aplicação de incentivos fiscais para a atração de investimentos. O Estado do Rio Grande do Sul também recorreu a uma política de incentivos fiscais para a atração de investimento e desenvolvimento da indústria local e, ainda hoje, há traços claros dessa política em sua legislação. Dentro dessa política destaca-se a renúncia fiscal do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul no setor de máquinas e equipamentos agrícolas. O propósito desse trabalho foi analisar a relevância desse incentivo fiscal para as indústrias do setor de máquinas e equipamentos agrícolas instaladas no Estado, no período de 1970 a 2008, demonstrando que esse ramo de atividade também é dependente de outros fatores para o seu desenvolvimento, como o preço das commodities, linhas de financiamento, mão de obra especializada etc., e correlacionados com a capacidade de geração de empregos dentro do Estado, capacidade de promover o desenvolvimento regional, capacidade de gerar valor agregado dentro do Estado e, não menos importante, capacidade de fixação dessa indústria dentro do Estado diante da concorrência de outros Estados da federação que, também, oferecem incentivos tributários similares. / Tax incentives have been used for different levels of public entities to attract investments, generate jobs or develop a specific region. Although there is diverging opinion about the benefits generated through of the application of tax incentive to promote economic development, is possible to identify successful cases of regional development based on tax incentive to attract investments. The State of Rio Grande do Sul, also applied tax incentives to attract investment and to develop local industry. Most part of these tax incentives policies is valid in current day. Among these policies of the Rio Grande do Sul State there is the specific tax incentive to the sector of agricultural machinery and equipment. The purpose of this study, was analyzed the relevance of this tax incentive for industry of agricultural machinery and equipments located in the State between 1970 and 2008, showing this activity is also dependent on other factors for the development as commodity prices, lines of credit, specialized labor etc., and correlated with job generation in the State, capacity to promote regional development, generate added value within the State, and fixed the industry in the State although the other States offer similar tax incentives.