Homelessness is a socio-pathological phenomenon, caused by the inability of an individual to deal with crisis situations and leading to the lost of relationships but also the material environment. As a result of the above, the social exclusion of the individuals gradually becomes unchangeable. Here, Pěnkava (2013) describes the vertical decline within the social stratification, which brings a deep frustration and in a number of cases leads to resignation on the efforts to deal efficiently with the unfavorable situation. The causes of such collapse are multifactorial and hence, in order to solve them there is cooperation on the level of multidisciplinary teams needed. However, numerous issues are currently being solved by social workers only, who in many cases are forced to replace experts in fields such as law, psychology, pedagogy of leisure time, geriatry or medicine. The central theme of the dissertation is dealing with the possibilities and limitations of people without home in old age living in the Capital City of Prague. Considering the factors of age, the diversity in satisfying their needs and the associated risks involved, is this a specific group of people that is, moreover, at immediate risk to their lives and health. As a consequence, the dignity of these people is being hurt not only...

[pt] Uma parcela significativa do evangelicalismo brasileiro, o neopentecostalismo, herdado da América do Norte, adere à Teologia da Prosperidade, cujos pressupostos vão de encontro ao núcleo da identidade cristã, a Teologia da Graça. Esta tese propõe analisar os fatores econômicos, políticos, sociais e religiosos que contribuíram para a mudança de paradigma, fazendo com que uma vertente do evangelicalismo pentecostal migrasse da religiosidade pautada na resignação para uma forma de manifestação religiosa norteada pela economia de mercado, o capital e o lucro, distanciando-o da sua origem de santidade e da Teologia da Graça, conforme ensinadas pelo pai do avivamento de santidade ou perfeição cristã, John Wesley e o aproximando do secularismo. Como instrumento de verificação para alcançar o resultado esperado, os elementos norteadores desta pesquisa estão alicerçados na Teologia Sistemática e na corroboração da História, da Sociologia e da Antropologia. / [en] A meaningful parcel of Brazilian evangelicalism, the Neopentecostalism, inherited from North America, adheres to the Theology of Prosperity, whose presuppositions stand against the core of the Christian identity, the Theology of Grace. This thesis proposes to analyze the economic, political, social and religious factors that contributed to a change of paradigm, making that stream of Pentecostal evangelicalism migrated from the religiosity regulated by resignation to a form of religious manifestation guided by market economy, the capital and profit, keeping it away from its origin of holiness and from the Theology of Grace, as they were taught by the father of Sanctity Revival or Christian Perfection, John Wesley, and approaching it to secularism. As instrument of verification to reach the expected results, the guiding elements of this research have as background the Systematic Theology and the corroboration of History, Sociology and Anthropology.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gisleine S Geraldo.pdf: 821068 bytes, checksum: a1a529b00a6c50176b52938ff1842097 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-04 / The purpose of this study is to confirm that Law n. 9.306/96, what interprets the arbitration as adequate multicomposite way to solve the questions involving commercial laws, international business, or the high complexity matters for which the Judiciary is not yet prepared. It also confirms that the mentioned law has no failure concerning the application of its precepts to the labor collective conflicts, by force of the article 114 of the Constitution, what has being accepted as a common sense among labor laws consultants. The same interpretation does not apply to the individual conflicts, as a great diversity of oppinions doesn t reach a common sense about the resignation or negotiation of labor rights the brazilian law establishes that labor rights are not disposable. Nevertheless, this study faces the existing controversy among the so-called the less conservative doctrinaires, who allege the Arbitration Law is totally adequate also for individual labor conflicts, both concerning the solved judicial cases as those still pending on resolution, being considered an alternative way to minimize the present structural and institutional crisis of the brazilian labor judiciary, resulted from many social and economic world transformations the so-called globalization that has deeply affected labor relations, especially those involving labor contracts. It also presents the possibility of an unique brazilian legislation to validate the arbitration in the individual labor conflicts, by comparing the different ways and cultures adequated the arbitration to become a reliable way to solve individual labor controversies, and presenting the historical evolution landscape of the arbitration in the world / Este trabalho pretende estabelecer que, a Lei n. 9.306/96, que trata da arbitragem como meio heterocompositivo viável para solucionar controvérsias envolvendo questões de direito comercial, negócios internacionais ou matéria de alta complexidade, para as quais o Poder Judiciário não está aparelhado, não contém qualquer vício concernente à aplicabilidade de seus preceitos em relação a conflitos coletivos de trabalho, por força do art. 114 da Constituição Federal, tema, aliás, pacífico entre os jurislaboralistas. O mesmo não se aplica aos conflitos individuais de trabalho, eis que as opiniões de dividem, e muito, quanto à possibilidade de se renunciar ou transacionar os direitos trabalhistas, face à legislação brasileira, já que os direitos dos trabalhadores são indisponíveis. Aborda-se, também, um enfoque polêmico sobre os doutrinadores que se colocam numa posição, dita como menos conservadora, que entendem que a Lei da Arbitragem é plenamente aplicável aos conflitos individuais de trabalho, tanto no que diz respeito ao litígio atinente à relação jurídica finda, como o litígio relativo à relação jurídica ainda em curso, sendo um meio alternativo que contribuiria para minimizar a crise estrutural e institucional do sistema judiciário trabalhista brasileiro, fruto das transformações sócio-econômicas mundiais, a tão conhecida globalização, que afetaram profundamente as relações de trabalho, especialmente as relações de emprego. Apresenta, ainda, o questionamento sobre uma legislação brasileira diferenciada para se utilizar a arbitragem nos conflitos individuais, cotejando com as várias legislações estrangeiras e diferentes formas e culturas de se aplicar a via arbitral como meio confiável de solução das controvérsias individuais de trabalho, traçando, antes, um panorama histórico-evolutivo da arbitragem no mundo

The serious shortage of social workers (nationally) caused by their exodus from the profession at an alarming rate and the resultant classification of social work as a "scare skill" served as motivation for this research project into retention strategies to retain social workers for the profession. A qualitative research approach and an explorative, descriptive and contextual research design was employed to conduct semi-structured interviews with 15 purposely selected participants in the geographically defined boundaries of the Northern Free State and Gauteng. Tesch's (in Creswell, 1994) and Guba's models (in Krefting, 1991) aided the processes of data collection and verification, respectively. The research findings uncovered: general and specific reasons for the social workers' exodus, feelings and emotional reactions of social workers subsequent to the early exodus from the profession, and retention proposals to retain social workers. Based on the findings, recommendation directed to practice, education, policy and further research, were made. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Social Work)

The serious shortage of social workers (nationally) caused by their exodus from the profession at an alarming rate and the resultant classification of social work as a "scare skill" served as motivation for this research project into retention strategies to retain social workers for the profession. A qualitative research approach and an explorative, descriptive and contextual research design was employed to conduct semi-structured interviews with 15 purposely selected participants in the geographically defined boundaries of the Northern Free State and Gauteng. Tesch's (in Creswell, 1994) and Guba's models (in Krefting, 1991) aided the processes of data collection and verification, respectively. The research findings uncovered: general and specific reasons for the social workers' exodus, feelings and emotional reactions of social workers subsequent to the early exodus from the profession, and retention proposals to retain social workers. Based on the findings, recommendation directed to practice, education, policy and further research, were made. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Social Work)

La réserve générale interdite de partage entre les membres est un avoir obligatoire, impartageable tout au long de l’existence de la coopérative et sujet à la «dévolution désintéressée en cas de liquidation ou de dissolution». Cette réserve fonctionne comme un levier de soutien au développement de la coopérative et du mouvement coopératif dans son ensemble. Le principe de l’impartageabilité de la réserve est l’interdiction faite à toutes les coopératives du Québec de partager la réserve générale entre tous les membres et l’interdiction de la diminuer, notamment par l’attribution d’une ristourne tout au long de l’existence de la coopérative. En effet, l’impartageabilité de la réserve se fonde sur l’idée que la coopérative n’a pas pour but l’accumulation des capitaux afin de les répartir entre les membres, mais il s’agit de la création d’un capital collectif qui bénéficie à tous les adhérents présents et futurs. Si le concept de l’impartageabilité de la réserve interdit donc le partage de la réserve tout au long de l’existence de la coopérative, cette même interdiction prend le nom de la dévolution désintéressée de l’actif net au moment de la disparition de la coopérative. Cette dévolution désintéressée signifie l’interdiction faite à toutes les coopératives non financières de partager le solde de l’actif lors de la disparition (dissolution ou liquidation) de la coopérative à l’exception des coopératives agricoles qui peuvent décider dans ce cas, de distribuer le solde de l’actif aux membres sans qu’on sache les raisons de cette exception. Par ailleurs, l’impartageabilité de la réserve est considérée comme un simple inconvénient juridique pour les membres et a connu quelques réécritures dans les législations sur les coopératives sans qu’on connaisse vraiment les raisons de ces modifications. L’objectif de notre thèse est d’engager une discussion critique autour du questionnement central suivant : au regard du cadre juridique actuel sur les coopératives, le principe de l’impartageabilité de la réserve doit être maintenu comme tel dans la Loi sur les coopératives, ou être tout simplement supprimé, comme dans la société par actions, où il est inexistant sans que cette suppression ne porte atteinte à la notion juridique de la coopérative? Plus précisément, quel est ce cadre juridique et quels sont les motifs qui peuvent plaider en faveur du maintien ou de la suppression du principe de l’impartageabilité de la réserve? Pour répondre à cette question, cette thèse se divise en deux parties. La première partie explore le cadre juridique des coopératives non financières au Québec en comparaison avec certains concepts juridiques issus d’autres législations. Elle étudie les fondements juridiques sous-jacents à l’impartageabilité de la réserve en droit québécois des coopératives non financières. La deuxième partie réalise une discussion critique autour de l’histoire du principe de l’impartageabilité de la réserve (ch. 3), des différents arguments juridiques disponibles (ch. 4) et d’hypothèses articulées autour des effets concrets disponibles (ch. 5). Elle explore ces dimensions au soutien du maintien ou non de l’impartageabilité de la réserve de la législation actuelle sur les coopératives non financières. Bien que la recherche effectuée conduise à une réponse nuancée, l'ensemble des résultats milite plutôt en faveur du maintien du principe de l'impartageabilité de la réserve. Au préalable, l’observation des fondements juridiques des concepts sous-jacents à l’impartageabilité de la réserve en droit québécois des coopératives non financières a permis de comprendre les concepts sous-jacents à ce principe avant de répondre à la question autour de son maintien ou de sa suppression de la législation actuelle sur les coopératives. La discussion réalisée a permis de souligner l’importance d’une réalité de base assez évidente : ce principe permet de préserver la réserve, utile au développement de la coopérative et du mouvement coopératif dans son ensemble. De plus, ce principe de l’impartageabilité de la réserve s’inscrit dans le cadre de la vocation sociale de la coopérative, qui n’a pas pour but la maximisation du profit pécuniaire. L’impartageabilité de la réserve s’inscrit également dans le cadre de la cohérence du droit québécois des coopératives avec la notion de coopérative telle que définie par le mouvement coopératif québécois et l’ACI tout en répondant aux finalités historiques d’équité entre les générations et de solidarité. Enfin, même si la discussion des arguments tirés des illustrations de données comptables et de quelques entretiens réalisés avec certains membres actifs du mouvement coopératif ne permet pas de mener à toute conclusion ferme, il ressort que l’impartageabilité de la réserve ne freinerait pas la tendance à la hausse des investissements et du chiffre d’affaires des coopératives non financières. Cette interdiction constituerait même un mécanisme d’autofinancement de la coopérative et un symbole de solidarité. / Forbidden general reserve sharing among members is mandatory to have, indivisible throughout the existence of the cooperative and subject to the "disinterested distribution upon liquidation or dissolution". The reserve functions as a support lever for the development of the cooperative and the cooperative movement as a whole. The principle of nondivisibility of the reserve is the prohibition to all cooperatives in Quebec to share the general reserve of all members and the prohibition of the decline, including the allocation of any rebate along the existence of the cooperative. Indeed, the nondivisibility of the reserve is based on the idea that the cooperative is not to the accumulation of capital in order to distribute them among members, but it is the creation of a collective capital that benefits all current and future members. If the concept of nondivisibility reserve therefore prohibits the sharing of reserve throughout the existence of the cooperative, the same prohibition takes the name of the disinterested distribution of net assets at the time of the disappearance of the cooperative. This disinterested distribution is in turn the ban on all non-financial cooperatives to share the remaining assets in the disappearance (dissolution or liquidation) of the cooperative except agricultural cooperatives that can decide in this case, distribute the remaining assets to members without knowing the reasons for the exception. Moreover, the nondivisibility of the reserve is considered a mere legal disadvantage for members and has had some rewrites in co-operative legislation without knowing either the reasons for these changes. The aim of our thesis is to engage a critical discussion around the following central question: given the current legal framework on cooperatives, the principle of nondivisibility the reserve must be maintained as such in the Cooperatives Act, or simply be deleted, as in the corporation, where it is nonexistent without this deletion does not affect the legal concept of the cooperative? Specifically, what is the legal framework and what are the motives which may plead in favor of maintaining or deletion of the principle of nondivisibility reserve? To answer this question, this thesis is divided into two parts. The first part explores the legal framework for non-financial cooperatives in Québec compared with certain legal concepts from other legislation. It examines the legal basis underlying the nondivisibility the Quebec law reserves of non-financial cooperatives. The second part makes a critical discussion around the history of the principle of nondivisibility Reserve (ch. 3), different legal arguments available (ch. 4) and assumptions based around concrete effects available (ch. 5). She exploire these dimensions to support maintaining or not the nondivisibility Reserve current legislation on non-financial cooperatives. Although the research lead to a nuanced response, the overall results rather militates in favor of maintaining the principle of nondivisibility reserve. Previously, the observation of the legal foundations of the underlying concepts in nondivisibility the Quebec law reserves of non-financial cooperatives helped to understand the concepts underlying this principle before answering the question about its maintenance or suppression of current legislation on cooperatives. The discussion made it possible to highlight the importance of a fairly obvious basic reality: this principle allows to preserve the reserve, useful for the development of the cooperative and the cooperative movement as a whole. Moreover, this principle of nondivisibility of the reserve part of the social mission of the cooperative, which is not intended maximizing monetary profit. The nondivisibility Reserve also part of the consistency of Quebec law cooperatives with the concept of cooperatives as defined by the Quebec cooperative movement and the ICA while addressing the historical purposes of fairness between generations and solidarity. Finally, while discussing the arguments of accounting data and illustrations of some interviews with some active members of the cooperative movement does not lead to any firm conclusion, it appears that the nondivisibility the reserve does not dampen the trend rising investment and sales of non-financial cooperatives. This prohibition even be a self-financing mechanism of the cooperative and a symbol of solidarity.