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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Perfil da ResistÃncia aos FÃrmacos Antituberculose em Pacientes Atendidos nos ServiÃos de SaÃde no Estado do Piauà / PROFILE OF RESISTANCE TO ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS PATIENTS TREATED IN HEALTH SERVICES IN THE STATE OF PIAUÃ

Walterlene de Carvalho GonÃalves 18 April 2012 (has links)
nÃo hà / A tuberculose à uma doenÃa infectocontagiosa, que persiste ao longo da histÃria mundial como um sÃrio problema de saÃde pÃblica. à causada pelo Complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis. O MinistÃrio da SaÃde considera a tuberculose como uma doenÃa prioritÃria no Brasil, pois o mesmo ocupa o 17 lugar entre os 22 paÃses em desenvolvimento, responsÃveis por 80% dos casos mundiais dessa enfermidade. TÃm-se verificado um aumento no nÃmero de casos de resistÃncia bacteriana Ãs drogas antituberculose. Este estudo teve carÃter descritivo e foi retrospectivo dos anos de 2005 a 2007 e prospectivo de 2008 a 2009, tendo por objetivo avaliar o diagnÃstico da tuberculose e o perfil de resistÃncia Ãs drogas antituberculose em 563 exames de pacientes atendidos nos ServiÃos de SaÃde do Estado no LACEN-PI, atravÃs da cultura e teste de sensibilidade de variadas espÃcimes biolÃgicas. De 563 casos encontrados avaliados, 123 apresentaram cultura positiva, dos quais cerca de 91,8 % apresentaram a forma pulmonar da doenÃa, sendo 65 % da populaÃÃo avaliada do sexo masculino. A mÃdia da idade em anos foi de 43,97Â16,81 (1-89). Em todos os anos, os casos tratados superaram em 92,6% os casos novos. Identificou-se qualquer resistÃncia em 68 casos (55,3%). A taxa de resistÃncia primÃria e adquirida foi, 3% e 97%, respectivamente. Foi encontrado 39 casos (31,7%) de multirresistÃncia, 15 casos (12,1%) de monorresistÃncia, 14 casos (11,3%) de polirresistÃncia. Conclui-se que os nÃveis de resistÃncia encontrados sÃo elevados. Dessa forma, faz-se necessÃrios o monitoramento dos nÃveis de resistÃncia, o controle adequado dos casos de tuberculose no PiauÃ, com a ampliaÃÃo dos exames de cultura e teste de sensibilidade para o diagnÃstico precoce. TambÃm deve ser encorajado o desenvolvimento de mais pesquisas para padronizaÃÃo de novos testes de diagnÃsticos que sejam prÃtico, rÃpido, de fÃcil execuÃÃo, baixo custo que reÃna alta especificidade e sensibilidade para a doenÃa / Tuberculosis is an infectious and contagious disease which persists throughout world history as a serious public health problem. It is caused by the complex Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The Ministry of Health considers tuberculosis a priority disease in Brazil, because the country occupies the 17th place among 22 developing countries, all together responsible for 80% of the worldwide cases of this disease. There has been an increase in the number of bacterial resistance cases to antituberculosis drugs. This study was descriptive and retrospective study of the years 2005 to 2007 and prospective from 2008 to 2009, aiming to assess the diagnosis of tuberculosis and the profile of antituberculosis drug resistance tests in 563 patients treated in the Health Services of the State in LACEN -PI, through culture and sensitivity testing of various biological specimens. From 563 cases, 123 were positive to culture, of which about 91.8% had the pulmonary form of the disease, being 65% of the population in focus consisting of male sex individuals. The mean age in years was 43.97  16.81 (1 - 89). In all years, the cases treated exceeded in 92.6% the new cases. No resistance was identified in 68 cases (55.3%). The rate of primary and acquired resistance was 3% and 97% respectively. It was found 39 cases (31.7%) of multi-drug resistance, 15 cases (12.1%) of single drug resistance, and 14 cases (11.3%) of full range drug resistance. The conclusion is that levels of resistance found are high. Thus, it is necessary to monitor the resistance levels, in addition to adequate control of tuberculosis cases in PiauÃ, by expanding the culture testing and sensitivity testing for early diagnosis. It should also be encouraged to develop more research to standardize new diagnostic tests that are practical, fast, easily run, low cost and possessing high specificity and sensitivity for the disease
2

Estudo de vigilância bacteriológica: isolamento, fatores de virulência e resistência antimicrobiana de cepas de Escherichia coli isoladas de gatos domésticos na região de Ribeirão Preto

Caliman, Marly Cristina Wanderley [UNESP] 25 June 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:56:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 caliman_mcw_me_jabo.pdf: 1793732 bytes, checksum: 2e6b8864381cb4eeeb7aba6bc8d4c882 (MD5) / A resistência antimicrobiana em bactérias de origem animal tem se caracterizado como importante problema de saúde pública. No Brasil, muitos trabalhos têm verificado a presença de fatores de virulência e resistência em cepas de Escherichia coli isoladas de animais de produção, porém há poucos estudos avaliando estes aspectos em animais de companhia. O presente trabalho verificou o perfil de sensibilidade microbiana e a presença dos genes codificadores de adesinas (pap, sfa, afa), de intimina (eae) e de Shiga toxina (stx1, stx2) em cepas fecais de E. coli obtidas através de swabs retais de gatos diarréicos e de saudáveis, e em cepas urinárias de gatos com sintomas de infecção do trato urinário (ITU) apresentados para consultas e vacinação em clínicas veterinárias da região de Ribeirão Preto. Entre Janeiro e dezembro de 2009 foram isoladas 205 cepas de E. coli que foram caracterizadas quanto à presença de genes codificadores de fatores de virulência por PCR e sensibilidade microbiana pelo método de difusão em discos. O gene sfa ocorreu em maior abundância (35,6%) sendo mais freqüente entre animais com diarréia e ITU que entre os saudáveis. O gene eae foi verificado apenas entre os diarréicos (2,4%) e sempre associado ao sfa. O gene pap ocorreu em todos os grupos (22,43%). Genes stx1,stx2 e afa não foram encontrados. As resistências predominantemente observadas foram para cefalotina (42,1%), tetraciclina (20%) e ampicilina (15,8%) entre os isolados dos gatos diarréicos enquanto nos dos saudáveis as resistências mais freqüentes foram tetraciclina (30,5%), cotrimoxazol (17,9%) e ampicilina (20,0%). Gatos com ITU apresentaram maiores resistências para ampicilina (46,7%), cefalotina (13,3%) e ácido nalidíxico (13,3%). Multiresistência foi encontrada... / Antimicrobial resistance in animal origin bacteria has been characterized as an important public health problem. In Brazil, many studies have verified the presence of antimicrobial virulence factors and resistance in strains of Escherichia coli isolated from livestock, however there are few studies evaluating these aspects in pets. The current work verified the sensibility profile and the presence of genes encoding adhesins (pap, sfa, afa) intimin (eae) and Shiga toxin (stx1, stx2) in E. coli fecal strains obtained from rectal swabs from diarrheic and healthy cats and urinary strains from cats with symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI) presented to be consulted and get vaccination in veterinary clinics in the region of Ribeirão Preto. Between January and December 2009 were isolated 205 strains of E. coli that have been characterized for the presence of genes encoding virulence factors by PCR and microbial sensitibility by disc diffusion method. The sfa gene occurred in greatest abundance (35.6%) was more common among animals with diarrhea and UTI than among the healthy. The eae gene was found only among diarrheic (2.4%) and always associated with sfa. The pap gene occurred in all groups (22.43%). Genes stx1, stx2 and afa were not found. The predominantly observed resistance was to cephalothin (42.1%), tetracycline (20%) and ampicillin (15.8%) among the isolates from diarrheic cats while in the healthy the tetracycline resistance was most frequent (30.5%), allowed by cotrimoxazol (17.9%) and ampicillin (20.0%). Cats with UTI showed greater resistance to ampicillin (46.7%), cephalothin (13.3%) and nalidixic acid (13.3%). Multidrug resistance was found in 8.4%, 17.9% and 33.3% of strains isolated from diarrheic healthy and with symptoms of UTI cats, respectively. The phenotype of resistance extended to beta-lactams (ESBL) was not... (Summary complete electronic access click below)
3

Estudo de vigilância bacteriológica : isolamento, fatores de virulência e resistência antimicrobiana de cepas de Escherichia coli isoladas de gatos domésticos na região de Ribeirão Preto/

Caliman, Marly Cristina Wanderley. January 2010 (has links)
Orientador: José Moacir Marin / Banca: Maria de Fátima Martins / Banca: Tammy Priscilla Chioda Delfino / Resumo: A resistência antimicrobiana em bactérias de origem animal tem se caracterizado como importante problema de saúde pública. No Brasil, muitos trabalhos têm verificado a presença de fatores de virulência e resistência em cepas de Escherichia coli isoladas de animais de produção, porém há poucos estudos avaliando estes aspectos em animais de companhia. O presente trabalho verificou o perfil de sensibilidade microbiana e a presença dos genes codificadores de adesinas (pap, sfa, afa), de intimina (eae) e de Shiga toxina (stx1, stx2) em cepas fecais de E. coli obtidas através de swabs retais de gatos diarréicos e de saudáveis, e em cepas urinárias de gatos com sintomas de infecção do trato urinário (ITU) apresentados para consultas e vacinação em clínicas veterinárias da região de Ribeirão Preto. Entre Janeiro e dezembro de 2009 foram isoladas 205 cepas de E. coli que foram caracterizadas quanto à presença de genes codificadores de fatores de virulência por PCR e sensibilidade microbiana pelo método de difusão em discos. O gene sfa ocorreu em maior abundância (35,6%) sendo mais freqüente entre animais com diarréia e ITU que entre os saudáveis. O gene eae foi verificado apenas entre os diarréicos (2,4%) e sempre associado ao sfa. O gene pap ocorreu em todos os grupos (22,43%). Genes stx1,stx2 e afa não foram encontrados. As resistências predominantemente observadas foram para cefalotina (42,1%), tetraciclina (20%) e ampicilina (15,8%) entre os isolados dos gatos diarréicos enquanto nos dos saudáveis as resistências mais freqüentes foram tetraciclina (30,5%), cotrimoxazol (17,9%) e ampicilina (20,0%). Gatos com ITU apresentaram maiores resistências para ampicilina (46,7%), cefalotina (13,3%) e ácido nalidíxico (13,3%). Multiresistência foi encontrada... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance in animal origin bacteria has been characterized as an important public health problem. In Brazil, many studies have verified the presence of antimicrobial virulence factors and resistance in strains of Escherichia coli isolated from livestock, however there are few studies evaluating these aspects in pets. The current work verified the sensibility profile and the presence of genes encoding adhesins (pap, sfa, afa) intimin (eae) and Shiga toxin (stx1, stx2) in E. coli fecal strains obtained from rectal swabs from diarrheic and healthy cats and urinary strains from cats with symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI) presented to be consulted and get vaccination in veterinary clinics in the region of Ribeirão Preto. Between January and December 2009 were isolated 205 strains of E. coli that have been characterized for the presence of genes encoding virulence factors by PCR and microbial sensitibility by disc diffusion method. The sfa gene occurred in greatest abundance (35.6%) was more common among animals with diarrhea and UTI than among the healthy. The eae gene was found only among diarrheic (2.4%) and always associated with sfa. The pap gene occurred in all groups (22.43%). Genes stx1, stx2 and afa were not found. The predominantly observed resistance was to cephalothin (42.1%), tetracycline (20%) and ampicillin (15.8%) among the isolates from diarrheic cats while in the healthy the tetracycline resistance was most frequent (30.5%), allowed by cotrimoxazol (17.9%) and ampicillin (20.0%). Cats with UTI showed greater resistance to ampicillin (46.7%), cephalothin (13.3%) and nalidixic acid (13.3%). Multidrug resistance was found in 8.4%, 17.9% and 33.3% of strains isolated from diarrheic healthy and with symptoms of UTI cats, respectively. The phenotype of resistance extended to beta-lactams (ESBL) was not... (Summary complete electronic access click below) / Mestre
4

Identification et mécanisme d'action de modulateurs sélectifs du transporteur ABCG2 responsable de la chimiorésistance de cellules cancéreuses / Identification and mechanism of selective modulators of the ABCG2 transporter conferring chemoresistance of cancer cells

Gauthier, Charlotte 27 March 2014 (has links)
ABCB1 (ou P-gp pour “glycoprotéine-P”), ABCC1 (ou MRP1 pour “Multidrug Resistance Protein 1”) et ABCG2 (ou BCRP pour “Breast Cancer Resistance Protein”) sont les trois transporteurs ABC humains les plus impliqués dans la chimiorésistance de certaines cellules cancéreuses. Deux stratégies sont possibles pour éradiquer cette résistance : 1) l'élimination ciblée des cellules surexprimant ces transporteurs, grâce au talon d'Achille qu'elles ont développé comme conséquence de leur chimiorésistance : la sensibilité collatérale (ou hypersensibilité), et 2) l'identification et l'optimisation d'inhibiteurs spécifiques. Lors de ce projet, nous nous sommes particulièrement intéressés au transporteur ABCG2. Dans un premier temps, comme la sensibilité collatérale avait été décrite dans le cas de la surexpression d'ABCB1 ou d'ABCC1, nous voulions vérifier son implication éventuelle dans le cas de la surexpression d'ABCG2. Sans pouvoir finalement conclure sur son existence, nous avons démontré que le mécanisme d'action ne pouvait pas impliquer un efflux massif de glutathion par la protéine, comme c'est le cas pour ABCC1, contrairement à certaines données de la littérature. Dans le cadre de la seconde approche, nous avons criblé différentes séries de composés, apparentés aux flavonoïdes, pour identifier des inhibiteurs spécifiques d'ABCG2. Nous avons ainsi pu mettre en évidence des relations structure-activité démontrant l'importance de certains substituants, notamment des groupements méthoxy, non seulement pour l'inhibition de l'activité du transporteur mais aussi pour la cytotoxicité des molécules. Ces études nous ont également permis de classer les inhibiteurs identifiés en 4 familles distinctes, quant à leur mécanisme d'action à la fois sur l'efflux de drogues comme la mitoxantrone et l'activité ATPasique d'ABCG2. Enfin, le meilleur inhibiteur spécifique d'ABCG2 décrit à ce jour, la chromone 6g (ou MBL-II-141) a été caractérisé plus en détails. Son efficacité in vivo pour empêcher la croissance de tumeurs humaines xénogreffées chez la souris nous incite à être optimistes sur la possibilité de proposer un inhibiteur d'ABCG2 comme candidat médicament pour de futures études précliniques / ABCB1, ABCC1 and ABCG2 are the 3 human ABC transporters mainly involved in chemoresistance of some cancer cells. Two strategies may eradicate such a resistance: 1) by selectively killing cells overexpressing these transporters thanks to the Achille’s heel they develop consequently to chemoresistance: the so called collateral sensitivity; 2) by the identification and optimization of specific inhibitors. This project has focused on the ABCG2 transporter. Firstly, since collateral sensitivity had already been described in ABCB1- and ABCC1-overexpressing cells, we wanted to verify if it might occur in cases of ABCG2 overexpression. Finally, we could not conclude on its occurence, but we demonstrated that the mechanism could not imply glutathione efflux as it is known to be the case for ABCC1, by contrast with some literature data. Concerning the second approach, we screened different flavonoid compounds to identify new specific ABCG2 inhibitors. We could propose some structure-activity relationships highlighting substituents critical role, particularly concerning methoxy groups, toward both inhibition of the transporter activity and intrinsic cytotoxicity of the molecules. These studies allowed us to propose a classification of the inhibitors into 4 families, thanks to their action mechanism on both inhibition of drug efflux and ATPase activitiy. Finally, the best specific ABCG2 inhibitor, chromone 6g (or MBL-II-141), has been further investigated. Its efficacy to prevent the growth of human tumors xenografted in mice, make us quite optimistic on the possibility to propose an ABCG2 inhibitor as a new drug candidate for future preclinical studies
5

Estudo comparativo do efeito da Echinácea purpúrea e sorafenibe em células de adenocarcinoma renal humano em cultura / Comparative study of the effect of Echinacea purpurea and sorafenib in human renal adenocarcinoma cells in culture

Tassetano, Renata Cristina Tornelli [UNIFESP] 29 September 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-09-29 / Introdução: O carcinoma renal (CR) é relativamente raro comparado a outros cânceres. Um dos mais potentes mitógenos tumorais, o fator de crescimento endotelial vascular, VEGF, é regulado por inúmeras vias, particularmente Ras e Akt, que são alvo de inúmeros agentes terapêuticos, dentre eles o sorafenibe. Estas vias de sinalização têm importante papel no desenvolvimento e manutenção da resistência a múltiplas drogas (MDR). A Echinácea purpúrea é utilizada como tratamento alternativo para alguns tipos de câncer, sendo promissora para a terapêutica de CR. Objetivo: Analisar o efeito da Echinácea purpúrea (Ech) na viabilidade celular, apoptose, nas vias de sinalização Ras e Akt, bem como na angiogênese tumoral através do VEGF e potenciais alterações na resistência a múltiplas drogas. Métodos: O fitoterápico Ech, foi adicionado à cultura de células Caki-1 para posterior análise da viabilidade celular (Cristal Violeta), apoptose (Citometria de fluxo), liberação da enzima Lactato Desidrogenase – DHL (Bio 200) e expressão protéica do VEGF, Ras e Akt (Western blot) e expressão gênica MDR, MRP, LRP (PCR-RT). Os experimentos foram realizados após 24, 48 e 72 horas de tratamento. Os resultados foram analisados pelo teste Anova One Way, com p<0,001 vs CT (X ± EP vs CT). Resultados: Os grupos tratados com Ech demonstraram diminuição significante da viabilidade celular, dose e tempo dependentes comparado aos seus controles. Nós observamos um aumento significante na porcentagem de células apoptóticas no grupo de 72 horas comparado com o grupo controle: 4,7±0,4 vs. 7,6±0,7 (p<0,001), respectivamente. Também, observamos diminuição na expressão protéica (p<0,001) da Akt (0,301±0,02 vs. 0,193±0,009) e VEGF (0,729±0,01 vs. 0,439±0,01) em 48 horas, bem como com 24 horas na proteína Ras (0,484±0,05 vs. 0,289±0,02). Analisando a expressão gênica das proteínas de resistência a múltiplas drogas, Ech causou diminuição substancial de 100% para as proteínas MDR e MRP e decréscimo de 25% na proteína LRP, sugerindo importante efeito nestas proteínas. Conclusão: Baseado em nossos resultados, observamos que a Ech apresenta propriedades anti-oncogênica, uma vez que demonstrou atividade sobre a viabilidade e apoptose celular. Da mesma forma, Ech apresentou importante papel sobre as vias de sinalização Akt e Ras, sendo estas importantes mediadoras da progressão do ciclo celular e do processo apoptótico. Essas vias inibidas demonstraram importante papel na inibição do VEGF, assim como, na regulação da resistência a múltiplas drogas. / Introduction: The renal cell carcinoma (CR) is relatively rare compared to other cancers. One of the most potent tumor mitogen, vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF is regulated by numerous pathways, especially Ras and Akt, which are targets of many therapeutic agents, among them sorafenib. These signaling pathways play an important role in the development and maintenance of the multidrug resistance (MDR). Echinacea purpurea is used as an alternative treatment for some cancers, and promising for the treatment of CR. Aim: Analyze the effect of Ech purpurea (Ech) on the cellular viability, apoptosis, Ras and Akt signaling pathway as well as tumor angiogenesis throughout VGEF and potential proteins alteration in the cellular resistance to drugs. Methods: Herbal echinacea were added to cell culture Caki-1 for subsequent analysis of cell viability (Crystal Violet), apoptosis (flow cytometry), release of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase - LDH (Bio 200), protein expression of VEGF, Ras and Akt (Western blot ) and gene expression MDR, MRP, LRP (RT-PCR). The experiments were performed after 24, 48 and 72 hours of treatment. The results were analyzed by One Way ANOVA, p <0.001 vs CT (X ± SE vs CT). Results: Group treated with Ech demonstrated decrease in cell viability dose and time dependent compared to the control (IC50, 150mg/mL) from 0 to 300ug/mL (p<0.001). We observed a statistically significant increase of apoptotic cells for group 72 hours comparing with control group: 4.7±0.4 vs. 7.6±0.7 (p<0.001), respectively. Also, a decrease in protein expression (p<0.05) of the Akt (0.301±0.02 vs. 0.193±0.009) and VEGF (0.729±0.01 vs. 0.439±0.01) in 48 hours, as well as Ras in 24 hours (0.484±0.05 vs. 0.289±0.02) were obtained. By analyzing the genic expression of the proteins resistance to multiple drugs, Ech caused a substantial decrease of 100% for MDR and MRP with 25% decreases in LRP, suggesting an important effect in blunt the resistance protein to drugs. Conclusion: To our knowledge, the Ech has anti-oncogenic properties since it showed activity on the viability and apoptosis. Likewise, Ech has its role on the signaling pathways Akt and Ras, which are important mediators of cell cycle progression and apoptosis. These blunted pathways demonstrated an important role on VEGF inhibition, as well as in the regulation of multidrug resistance. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

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