Alla människor har en vardag, med rutiner, vanor och förpliktelser som upptar vår tid. I denna uppsats undersöker jag hur fyra personers vardag formas och påverkas av psykisk ohälsa. Den vardag de beskriver handlar i första hand om att bemästra den psykiska ohälsan och ta kontrollen över hur de mår. För att lyckas med detta använder de sig av olika hjälpmedel, där mediciner är det viktigaste. Medicinerna är en stor del i att informanterna kan hantera sin vardag, men den psykiska ohälsan ger även verkningar i andra aspekter av vardagen, såsom arbetsliv, ekonomi, hur de ser på sig själva och hur de uppfattas av andra. / All people have their own routines, habits, and commitments to deal with on a daily basis. In this essay, I examine how four individuals’ everyday lives are shaped and influenced by their mental illnesses. They describe how the primary tasks of their everyday struggles are to master their mental health by controlling their mood and their feelings. To succeed with this, they use different aiding methods, where medications are the most important ones. The medications are essential in helping the informants to handle their everyday lives, but the mental illnesses also affect other aspects such as work, finance, self-image, and how they are perceived by others.

Submitted by Daniel Paranhos (paranhosdaniel@yahoo.com) on 2014-04-17T03:59:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Daniel_Paranhos_Final.pdf: 1005573 bytes, checksum: af95aed4444da28f0c2fca8e90471318 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vitor Souza (vitor.souza@fgv.br) on 2014-05-28T20:16:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Daniel_Paranhos_Final.pdf: 1005573 bytes, checksum: af95aed4444da28f0c2fca8e90471318 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-03T11:24:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Daniel_Paranhos_Final.pdf: 1005573 bytes, checksum: af95aed4444da28f0c2fca8e90471318 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-20 / Um dos principais entraves aos investimentos das firmas é a restrição ao financiamento. A existência de controles de capitais em determinados países pode aumentar o custo de captação das empresas, sobretudo para companhias menores ou para fabricantes de produtos não comercializáveis, que são mais dependentes de recursos domésticos. Este trabalho analisa o impacto da abertura financeira sobre os investimentos de uma amostra de 6.860 empresas de capital aberto de treze países emergentes. Os resultados sugerem que firmas residentes em países com menos controles de capitais possuem menores restrições ao financiamento dos investimentos. Adicionalmente, empresas maiores e produtoras de bens comercializáveis também são menos restritas ao crédito. / One of the main determinants of investments for a firm is the credit constraints that it faces. The existence of capital controls in specific countries can increase the cost of raising funds for businesses, especially for smaller firms or for non-tradable producers, both of which tend to be more dependent of domestic resources. This paper seeks to analyze the impact of financial liberalization on the investments of 6860 listed companies in thirteen developing economies. The results suggest that firms residing in countries with fewer capital controls possess less financial constraints on its investments. Additionally, larger companies and tradable goods producers possess fewer credit constraints.

Submitted by Diogo Saraiva (diogosaraivarj@gmail.com) on 2016-06-21T18:22:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Diogo_Saraiva.pdf: 1438960 bytes, checksum: 75bf0c000613e5b32c7480ba2c0a1f9b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by GILSON ROCHA MIRANDA (gilson.miranda@fgv.br) on 2016-06-30T14:47:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Diogo_Saraiva.pdf: 1438960 bytes, checksum: 75bf0c000613e5b32c7480ba2c0a1f9b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Almeida (maria.socorro@fgv.br) on 2016-07-13T12:51:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Diogo_Saraiva.pdf: 1438960 bytes, checksum: 75bf0c000613e5b32c7480ba2c0a1f9b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T12:51:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Diogo_Saraiva.pdf: 1438960 bytes, checksum: 75bf0c000613e5b32c7480ba2c0a1f9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-27 / The knowledge of the current state of the economy is crucial for policy makers, economists and analysts. However, a key economic variable, the gross domestic product (GDP), are typically colected on a quartely basis and released with substancial delays by the national statistical agencies. The first aim of this paper is to use a dynamic factor model to forecast the current russian GDP, using a set of timely monthly information. This approach can cope with the typical data flow problems of non-synchronous releases, mixed frequency and the curse of dimensionality. Given that Russian economy is largely dependent on the commodity market, our second motivation relates to study the effects of innovations in the russian macroeconomic fundamentals on commodity price predictability. We identify these innovations through a news index which summarizes deviations of offical data releases from the expectations generated by the DFM and perform a forecasting exercise comparing the performance of different models.

Wilderness areas provide a wide array of quality nature experiences including primitive recreational opportunities in a primeval condition. However, a lot of these ecological and pristine sites suffer from disturbance and environmental degradation by the exhaustive human recreational use on campsites. Most of the impacts associated with camping gradually become a critical concern since they can be devastating to a wilderness environment and the affiliated experience. This study employed the contingent valuation method to determine peoples' willingness to pay for the preservation of the Panther Den Wilderness if campsites were restricted /limited, and to estimate an economic value of non-market goods and services affiliated to the preservation and use values of the Panther Den Wilderness. A Contingent valuation questionnaire was administered to gather information on the respondent's intentions and to determine what they would be willing to pay under a hypothetical scenario. Moon's WTP model estimated the willingness to pay relationship with a set of explanatory and socio-demographic variables including bid sizes, miles traveled, recreation times, campsite impacts observed, age, gender, and education. Results revealed that there was a clear relationship between the respondents' willingness to pay, the pre-determined bid-size/fee level, and the distance traveled to the Panther Den Wilderness, hence; the correlation between the variables was highly significant. The estimated mean willingness to pay value for the preservation of the Panther Den Wilderness was $9.56 per visitor. Overall, the estimated results and mean willingness to pay value served as the interpretation of an assessment which clearly revealed that outdoor recreation users were willing to pay a user fee for the preservation of the Panther Den Wilderness regardless of campsite limitations or restrictions.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the claims of owners of land in the comprehensive land consolidation in terms of restrictions on property rights in the cadastral Kaplice and Zdar at Kaplice. Analysis of the new land organization in terms of restrictions on land ownership and to evaluate the impact of these limitations on the course of land consolidation. These are mainly focus on the state before land consolidation in a given area and conditions after the land consolidation. The result of this work is graphic and textual comparison of inputs and outputs of the land consolidation. Influence on its course and overall comparison of these two territories.

Bakgrund: Primär total höftplastik utförs vanligtvis på patienter med höftledsartros när konservativ behandlings smärtlindrande effekter inte är tillräckliga. Efter ingreppet kan postoperativa rörelserestriktioner tillämpas för att minska luxationsrisken. Rörelserestriktionerna har emellertid ifrågasatts då studier visat att något samband mellan tillämpande av restriktioner och minskad risk för luxation inte föreligger. Syfte: Kartlägga tillämpande av postoperativa rörelserestriktioner vid svenska sjukhus som genomför primär total höftplastik med direktlateralt snitt samt undersöka skillnader mellan universitets-/regionsjukhus, länssjukhus, länsdelssjukhus och privatsjukhus avseende tillämpandet av restriktioner. Studien syftade även till att kartlägga icke-standardiserade restriktioner. Metod: Tvärsnittsstudie med en deskriptiv och komparativ studiedesign. Totalt svarade 42 sjukhus på en egenkonstruerad webbenkät som utgjorde underlaget för datainsamlingen. Resultat: Vilka postoperativa restriktioner som tillämpades för flexion över 90°, utåtrotation över 45°, inåtrotation över 45°, adduktion över neutralläge samt flexion över 90° kombinerat med samtidig rotation och adduktion varierade på de deltagande sjukhusen. Det förelåg inga signifikanta skillnader mellan sjukhusgrupperna gällande nämnda rörelser. Flera sjukhus tillämpade icke-standardiserade restriktioner baserade på patients individuella förutsättningar samt kunde variera beroende på protestyp. Även rekommendationer om att undvika extrema rörelser förekom. Konklusion: Det är en variation gällande vilka restriktioner som tillämpas efter primär total höftplastik. Med hänsyn till denna studies resultat samt aktuell evidens bör postoperativa restriktioner fortsatt diskuteras. / Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is commonly performed on patients with hip osteoarthritis when conservative treatment no longer reliefs pain sufficiently. Movement restrictions are applied to prevent hip dislocations, although those have recently been questioned since studies have shown that a liberal regimen does not increase the risk of hip dislocation. Purpose: To chart movement restrictions following THA performed with a direct lateral approach at Swedish hospitals and analyzes differences in those between university hospital, county hospitals, district hospitals and private hospitals. This study also aimed to chart non- standardized movement restrictions. Method: A cross-sectional study with a descriptive and comparative design. Data was collected from a self-made web survey, which was answered by 42 hospitals. Results: The appliance of restrictions regarding flexion beyond 90°, external rotation beyond 45°, internal rotation beyond 45°, adduction beyond centerline and flexion of 90° or beyond combined with adduction and rotation varied among the participating hospitals. There were no significant differences between participating hospital groups regarding mentioned movements. Non-standardized restrictions were influenced by the individual factors of the patient as well as the prosthesis type. Patients were also recommended to not perform any extreme movements. Conclusion: There is a variation regarding appliance of postoperative restrictions during the first six weeks postoperatively. In the light of the results of this study, together with recent evidence postoperative, restrictions should be further discussed.

Submitted by Lira Rocha da Mota (liramota@gmail.com) on 2017-06-25T23:20:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese.pdf: 2641768 bytes, checksum: 9529228790bc66dfec234ca17131f8d8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by GILSON ROCHA MIRANDA (gilson.miranda@fgv.br) on 2018-09-13T19:00:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese.pdf: 2641768 bytes, checksum: 9529228790bc66dfec234ca17131f8d8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-27T13:14:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese.pdf: 2641768 bytes, checksum: 9529228790bc66dfec234ca17131f8d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-19 / Essa tese é composta por três capítulos. O primeiro capítulo é dedicado a estudar o impacto causal de restrições de venda a descoberto sobre retorno de ações. A base de dados utilizada neste trabalho possui todas as transações de aluguel de ações que aconteceram no Brasil no período de Janeiro de 2007 até Junho de 2013. Uma oportunidade de arbitragem fiscal sobre o recebimento de Juros de Capital Próprio (possível até o final de 2015) gera uma variação exógena na taxa de aluguel. Os resultados mostram um aumento médio de 73% das taxas de aluguel em contratos especulativos que é exógeno às características da ação, que por sua vez, causa um retorno acumulado anormal de 0.38% nos oito dias úteis pós a data de ex-dividendo. No segundo capítulo, a mesma base de dados é utilizada para documentar que a opacidade do mercado de balcão, no qual os contratos de aluguel de ações são transacionados, gera dispersão da taxa e aluguel. Os principais resultados são 1. a medida de dispersão de preço é o melhor preditor de retornos quando comparada com medidas tradicionais na literatura relacionadas a venda descoberto: taxa de aluguel média, “short-interest” e “days to cover”; 2. uma nova versão de “short-premium” representada por um portfólio long-short formando com base na dispersão da taxa de aluguel apresenta retorno médio mensal de 1.03% acima do CDI e 0.76% alpha sobre quatro fatores. Finalmente, o terceiro capítulo desafia a prática comum na literatura de formar fatores de risco baseado em características das ações. Neste capítulo é introduzido um método para fazer previsão de covariâncias com alto poder estatístico. Usando esse método é possível construir portfólios que capturam o prêmio associado a característica, mas que faz o "hedge" de grande parte do risco associado ao fator. Quando essa metodologia é aplicada aos cinco-fatores de Fama e French (2015), é possível construir um portfólio ortogonal aos fatores com Sharpe-ratio de 0.84. / This thesis is composed by three chapters. The first chapter aims to estimate the causal impact of short-selling restrictions on returns. Taking advantage of a unique dataset that unifies all stock loan transactions in Brazil from January 2007 to June 2013, we exploit a source of exogenous variation in loan fees provided by a tax-arbitrage opportunity that existed in Brazil until end 2015. We show that exogenous relative increase in lending fees for speculative reasons is on average 73%, causing an average 0.38% cumulative abnormal return on the 8-trading days following the ex-dividend day. In the second chapter, we show that the over-the-counter (OTC) generates loan fee dispersion across loan contracts for the same stock and the same day. We find that loan fee dispersion is the best predictor of the cross-section of stock returns, when compared to traditional short-sale related measures in the literature: loan fee average, short-interest or days to cover. We document a newer version of the “short premium": the small dispersion-minus-large dispersion (sDmlD) portfolio of stocks has a monthly average excess return of 1.03% and a 0.79% four-factor alpha. Finally, in the third chapter we challenge the common practice in the literature to create factor-portfolios by sorting on stocks characteristics. We introduce a high statistical power methodology to forecast future covariances that is able to select a set of portfolios which capture the characteristic premia, but hedge out much of factor risk. We apply our methodology to the Fama and French (2015) five-factors, and construct a portfolio orthogonal to their factor with annualized Sharpe-ratio of 0.84.

Orientador: Pedro Paulo Zahluth Bastos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T22:50:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_MarioAugustoMoratoPintode_M.pdf: 2089034 bytes, checksum: 7b914dd5b049ffff5856548729c25fa7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Em meio a uma grande crise político-institucional, o governo João Goulart se iniciou em setembro de 1961. Além da instabilidade político-institucional, o governo se deparava com o aumento das mobilizações sociais e com a extrema politização das relações internacionais imposta pela Guerra Fria. Na área econômica, os seus principais desafios eram a inflação crescente e os problemas de balanço de pagamentos. Apesar de propostas oficiais enérgicas para o combate desses problemas, quando ocorreu a ruptura da legalidade, o Brasil se encontrava com inflação galopante, deterioração ainda maior das contas externas e crescimento negativo do produto per capita. A deterioração dos indicadores macroeconômicos e a intensificação da crise político-social inspiraram muitos analistas a responsabilizarem o próprio Jango pelo golpe militar de abril de 1964. Críticas dirigidas ao estilo político do ex-presidente são comuns nesse tipo de interpretação. Em relação à política econômica do governo, alguns estudos sublinham a ineficácia ou a irracionalidade dessas políticas. Este trabalho, por sua vez, enfatiza as restrições estruturais de ordem econômica (as tendências cíclicas de uma economia subdesenvolvida, as mudanças induzidas pelo Plano de Metas, etc.) e política (tensões sociais, as pressões advindas da política externa norte-americana e a crise político-institucional, etc.) como limitadores da capacidade dos instrumentos de política econômica de reverter a tendência de deterioração das principais variáveis macroeconômicas. Além disso, supomos que o governo, consciente de algumas dessas restrições, buscou em diversas ocasiões ampliar o espaço para implementação de políticas econômicas, por meio de reformas institucionais, barradas pela oposição conservadora no Poder Legislativo / Mestrado / Historia Economica / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

Não obstante os empresários tenham autonomia para decidir pela celebração ou não de um contrato e pela determinação de seu conteúdo, tem se verificado, hodiernamente, uma crescente limitação dessa autonomia. As companhias abertas, objeto de análise do presente trabalho, resultantes da celebração de contrato de sociedade, devem observar, além das disposições aplicáveis ao direito contratual e ao direito societário, as regulamentares emanadas pela CVM. Conforme aplicável, devem observar, ainda, as normas decorrentes da autorregulação e imposições decorrentes de contratos celebrados com as entidades administradoras de mercados. Tais regras têm sua razão de ser: surgiram em contextos econômicos, sociais e políticos específicos visando a tutelar determinados valores elencados como primordiais. Assim, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as limitações à autonomia privada impostas aos empresários na constituição das sociedades anônimas, especificamente no que se refere ao estabelecimento de cláusulas estatutárias de companhias abertas. Para tanto, serão feitas análises sobre autonomia privada e suas limitações e sobre o desenvolvimento das companhias e do mercado de capitais brasileiro, permitindo-se a avaliação de quais interesses e valores foram considerados merecedores de tutela pelo ordenamento jurídico. Com esses fundamentos, será possível compreender a estrutura dos estatutos sociais das companhias abertas e quais as limitações impostas no estabelecimento das cláusulas estatutárias. / Although entrepreneurs have autonomy to celebrate or not a contract and to determine its content, it has been noted a gradually restriction of the mentioned autonomy. The publicly-held companies, object of the present study, originated from the conclusion of association contract, must observe, in addition to the contract law and corporate law provisions, the regulation issued by the Securities Commission. Besides, when applicable, publicly-held companies must be considered in accordance with self-regulation rules and other requirements as stated in listing contracts. The arise of these rules can be explained by the occurrence of specific economic, social and political contexts, which demanded the protection of certain values considered as primaries. Thus, the present dissertation aims to analyse the restrictions of the private autonomy entailed to entrepreneurs in setting up publicly-held companies, specifically when it concerns the establishment of by-laws clauses. For that reason, we will proceed to the analysis of private autonomy and its limitations, as well as the development of Brazilian publicly-held companies and capital markets, in order to examine which interests and values must be protected by judicial and institutional system. With these considerations, we expect to reach a better understading about by-laws framework and which are the restrictions imposed to the establishment of the referred clauses.

Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / Stroke is the third leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The Uitenhage Provincial Hospital admits many stroke patients. To date, no in-depth study has been conducted on stroke patients admitted to the Hospital. This study identified the profile of stroke patients admitted to the Uitenhage Provincial Hospital and explored the challenges that these patients experienced post stroke. A concurrent mixed model design was used to collect the data. Firstly retrospective data was obtained by means of a quantitative data gathering instrument designed by the researcher. The information obtained, included data relating to demographic characteristics, reported risk factors relating to stroke, stroke onset-admission interval and length of hospital stay, as well as information relating to the process of physiotherapy. Secondly quantitative prospective information was collected by means of the Barthel Index, the Modified Rankin Scale and the Facilitators And Barriers Survey. The sample for the quantitative phase was drawn from medical records of 168 stroke patients admitted to the Uitenhage Provincial Hospital from the 1 of January 2008 up to and including the 31 of December 2009. For the second prospective quantitative part of the study, participants were selected conveniently from the admitted patients. In the qualitative phase, nine participants taken of the sampled participants were selected. The Microsoft Excel 2007 Package and the SPSS 18 for social sciences were used to analyse the quantitative data. Means, standard deviations, frequencies and percentages were calculated for descriptive purposes and the Chi-square test was used to test for associations between variables. Qualitative analysis began with the transcription of voice recordings and the translation of relevant Afrikaans transcription into English. Emerging categories were identified within the pre-determined themes. Permission and ethical clearance was obtained from the Higher Degrees Committee and the Senate Research and Grants and Study Leave Committee of the University of the Western Cape and permission to conduct this study was also obtained from the Medical Superintendent of the Uitenhage Provincial Hospital. Altogether 461 patients had been admitted with stroke during the relevant period, but only 168 could be included in the retrospective quantitative study. The mean age of the participants was 61,54 years; 59% were females and 41% males. The majority of the participants (86,9%) were admitted on the same day of stroke onset, and the mean length of hospital stay was 7,38 days. Hypertension was the most common reported risk factor, at 79%. Only 165 of the participants received physiotherapy while hospitalised, with the mean total physiotherapy sessions being 2,56 sessions. In 90% of the cases, physiotherapy sessions were discontinued due to the patient being discharged from the Hospital. The mean Barthel Index score was 81,46 and the family care domain of the Modified Rankin Scale was the most affected. Participants experienced participation restrictions and activity limitations due to stairs, gravel surfaces and kerb cuts. During the qualitative interviews participants reported activity limitations related to walking and activities of daily living. The participants also experienced participation restrictions, which included dependency on others, decreased social support and an array of emotions experienced post stroke. The current study’s findings suggest that the discharge of patients from the hospital post stroke should follow a mulitidisciplinary approach. Rehabilitation professionals should play an active role in the discharge process in providing patient and caregiver education.