The topic of this diploma thesis has got an interdisciplinary character, which results from a conflict of property right and ecological rights. The crucial point is the internal and external ownership restriction differentiation. This gives the answer to the question whether a compensation for restriction is provided or not. The thesis deals with legal reasons of the restrictions that arise from the specific character of land and also with the typology of restrictions according to its establishment. Selected restrictions regulated by particular environmental laws and the Building Code are analysed in the main part of the thesis. The conclusion points out the imperfections of legislation and provides possible solutions as well.

Cyril Navrátil FF UK Universita Karlova Románská studia - NMgr. Hispanistika 2013/2014 Abstract The purpose of this essay is to study neoclassical composition. The denomination of this method of word-formation already caused disagreements among the linguists. Many authors name it prefixation (affixation), while others believe that it is a special type of composition, whose components (or at least one of them) take their origins from Latin or Greek. Even though the majority of the Spanish lexicon comes from these languages (mainly from Latin), this type of composition follows some particular rules. In this essay, we do not intend to say who is right and who is wrong, but to demonstrate the current situation of the neoclassical composition in modern Spanish, using the corpus. Nevertheless, it is not possible to completely ignore the different points of view of these authors, who are acclaimed in the academic world. Therefore we decided to divide this study in a theoretic part and a practical one. In the theoretic part, we will recapitulate the terminology used and we will try and choose the most convenient definition for this method. In the practical part, we will see twenty examples of Greco-Latin elements: auto, cida/cidio, cracia/crata (arca/arquía), cripto, crono, eco, euro, filo/filia, foto, narco, neo,...

Anknytningsärenden hos Migrationsverket innefattar individer som söker anknytning till partner i Sverige. I och med flyktingkrisen som Sverige upplevde under 2015 - 2016 har många anknytningsärenden dragit ut på tiden. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka upplevelsen av anknytningsprocessen för par där den ena partnern befinner sig i Sverige och den andra fortfarande är kvar utomlands och hur de hanterar denna process. Fenomenologiskt inspirerade frågor om relationen, upplevelserna och coping ställdes i telefonintervjuer. Deltagarna befann sig antingen i Sverige eller i utlandet. Studien visade separationens effekter på individernas relationer och gav inblick i deras förutsättningar. Deltagarna upplevde effekter av väntetiden i anknytningsprocessen så som ovisshet, maktlöshet, stress/ohälsa och ingen framförhållning. Det som utmärkte deras hanterande av väntetiden var att de nu fick leva ett virtuellt liv, de isolerade sig från sitt sociala liv och vissa tog lugnande medel/medicin. Förlängda anknytningsprocessen ledde till symptom av stress och hälsokomplikationer hos de som tvingas leva i ofrivilliga distansförhållanden.

Thesis advisor: Frank Gollop / My doctoral dissertation consists of three essays in the field of Industrial Organization. The first two consider exclusive dealing contracts between upstream and downstream firms theoretically, while the third measures consumer substitution among geographically differentiated air travel products empirically. In the first chapter I study the ability of an incumbent seller to use exclusive dealing contracts to foreclose efficient entry when there are n downstream buyers, where n can be viewed as a measure of the degree of downstream competition. The effect of downstream competition on the ability of the upstream incumbent to use exclusive contracts anticompetitively depends on whether upstream firms compete over linear or two-part prices. The model also highlights an interesting effect of the sunk cost of upstream entry that is ignored in models with exactly two buyers. In the second chapter I investigate the ability of an incumbent monopolist to exclude a potential entrant via exclusive dealing contracts when these contracts include an agreement over price. I find that a simple entry game yields both exclusionary and entry equilibria. The exclusionary equilibrium is unique, however, under most reasonable assumptions; for example if buyers are downstream competitors, if entry or the marginal cost of the potential entrant are uncertain, or if the incumbent can commit not to compete for unsigned buyers. When buyers compete with one another downstream, the optimal guaranteed price is above (below) the marginal cost of the incumbent when downstream buyers compete over strategic complements (substitutes). In the third and final chapter (co-authored with Kyle Buika) I study the question of geographic market definition in the US airline industry. Though an accurate definition of an economic market is important for any study of industry, there is no rule governing what exactly constitutes a market. To define a market we must ask the question "between which products do consumers substitute,'' knowing that the answer to this question will depend on how "close'' products are to one another in product space, as well as how close they are to one another, and to consumers, in geographic space. We estimate a discrete choice model of air travel demand that uses known information about the locations of products and consumers, which allows us to study substitution patterns among air travel products at different airports. We evaluate the commonly used city-pair and airport-pair definitions of a market for air travel, and conclude that a city-pair is the appropriate definition. We also employ the Hypothetical Monopolist test for antitrust market definition, as defined by the Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission, and conclude that the relevant geographic market for antitrust analysis is, according to this test, frequently more narrowly defined as an airport-pair. Finally we conduct merger simulations under different market definitions and compare the results to those obtained using our own results, and conclude that accounting for geography is important when studying mergers. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2011. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Economics.

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Shared resource contention is a significant problem in multi-core systems and can have a negative impact on the system. Memory contention occurs when the different cores in a processor access the same memory resource, resulting in a conflict. It is possible to limit memory contention through resource reservation where a part of the system or an application is reserved a partition of the shared resource. We investigated how applying memory bandwidth restrictions using MemGuard can aid in synchronizing execution times of parallel tasks. We further investigate when memory bandwidth restrictions are applicable. We conduct three experiments to investigate when bandwidth restrictions are applicable. Firstly, we conducted an experiment to pinpoint when the memory bandwidth saturates a core. Secondly, we investigated our adaptive memory partitioning scheme performance against static and no partitioning. Finally, we tested how our adaptive partitioning scheme and static partitioning can isolate a workload against an interfering memory intensive workload running on a separate core. As the experiments only were conducted on one system, pinpointing the general point of contention was difficult, seeing that it can differ significantly from system to system. Through our experiments, we see that memory bandwidth partitioning has the ability to decrease the execution time of feature detection algorithms, which means that memory bandwidth partitioning potentially can help threads to reach their synchronization points simultaneously.

O reconhecimento da presunção de inocência não se mostra incompatível com a admissão da prisão e de outras medidas de caráter pessoal no curso da persecução penal. Assim como os demais direitos fundamentais, a presunção de inocência não se mostra absoluta ou insuscetível de restrições. O ordenamento jurídico brasileiro admite intervenções legítimas no âmbito de proteção da presunção de inocência, submetendo-as ao controle da proporcionalidade e do conteúdo essencial dos direitos fundamentais. A proporcionalidade serve como limite das intervenções e desdobra-se nos pressupostos, requisitos extrínsecos e requisitos intrínsecos já explorados. O descumprimento de qualquer destes pontos revela a desobediência à regra da proporcionalidade e, com isto, o caráter ilegítimo da intervenção no âmbito de proteção da presunção de inocência. Esta análise pode ocorrer tanto da perspectiva abstrata, examinando-se a previsão normativa, como da perspectiva concreta, analisando a aplicação e a execução da norma / The recognition of the presumption of innocence is inconsistent with the admission of the prison and other measures of personal character in the course of criminal prosecution. Like other fundamental rights, the presumption of innocence does not show absolute and subject to no restrictions. The Brazilian legal system admits intervention legitimate in the context of protection of the presumption of innocence, places them under the control of proportionality and the essential content of fundamental rights. Proportionality serves as a limit of interventions and unfolds in the assumptions, requirements extrinsic and intrinsic requirements already explored. The breach of any of these seven elements reveals the disobedience to the rule of proportionality and, thus, the illegitimate nature of the intervention under protection of the presumption of innocence. This analysis can occur from both the abstract perspective, examining the legislative provision, as the concrete perspective, examining the implementation and enforcement of the standard.

Este documento apresenta uma pesquisa a nvel de mestrado acadêmico, cujo o foco é a tarefa computacional de Geração de Expressões de Referência (GER), uma parte fundamental da comunicação que é estudada na Geração de Linguagem Natural (GLN). Mais especificamente, foram estudados os aspectos da linguagem que se manifestam em contextos de comunicação com restrição de tempo, e com base nisso foi proposto um modelo computacional de GER para produzir expressões de referência com o nvel de superespecificação parametrizável. Além disso, considerando-se as caractersticas de adaptabilidade do modelo proposto, também foi sugerida uma generalização deste para outros domnios, como os que compreendem contextos de comunicação além dos que possuem restrição de tempo / This document presents a MSc research that focused on the computational subtask of Referring Expression Generation (REG), an important component of Natural Language Generation (NLG) systems. More specifically, this work analyzes how time-restricted contexts of communication may affect language production and a computational model of GER was proposed to produce reference expressions with parameterizable superspecification. Furthermore, given the adaptability characteristics of the proposed model, it has also been suggested a generalization to other domains, which includes communication contexts besides those that have time constraints

Não obstante os empresários tenham autonomia para decidir pela celebração ou não de um contrato e pela determinação de seu conteúdo, tem se verificado, hodiernamente, uma crescente limitação dessa autonomia. As companhias abertas, objeto de análise do presente trabalho, resultantes da celebração de contrato de sociedade, devem observar, além das disposições aplicáveis ao direito contratual e ao direito societário, as regulamentares emanadas pela CVM. Conforme aplicável, devem observar, ainda, as normas decorrentes da autorregulação e imposições decorrentes de contratos celebrados com as entidades administradoras de mercados. Tais regras têm sua razão de ser: surgiram em contextos econômicos, sociais e políticos específicos visando a tutelar determinados valores elencados como primordiais. Assim, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as limitações à autonomia privada impostas aos empresários na constituição das sociedades anônimas, especificamente no que se refere ao estabelecimento de cláusulas estatutárias de companhias abertas. Para tanto, serão feitas análises sobre autonomia privada e suas limitações e sobre o desenvolvimento das companhias e do mercado de capitais brasileiro, permitindo-se a avaliação de quais interesses e valores foram considerados merecedores de tutela pelo ordenamento jurídico. Com esses fundamentos, será possível compreender a estrutura dos estatutos sociais das companhias abertas e quais as limitações impostas no estabelecimento das cláusulas estatutárias. / Although entrepreneurs have autonomy to celebrate or not a contract and to determine its content, it has been noted a gradually restriction of the mentioned autonomy. The publicly-held companies, object of the present study, originated from the conclusion of association contract, must observe, in addition to the contract law and corporate law provisions, the regulation issued by the Securities Commission. Besides, when applicable, publicly-held companies must be considered in accordance with self-regulation rules and other requirements as stated in listing contracts. The arise of these rules can be explained by the occurrence of specific economic, social and political contexts, which demanded the protection of certain values considered as primaries. Thus, the present dissertation aims to analyse the restrictions of the private autonomy entailed to entrepreneurs in setting up publicly-held companies, specifically when it concerns the establishment of by-laws clauses. For that reason, we will proceed to the analysis of private autonomy and its limitations, as well as the development of Brazilian publicly-held companies and capital markets, in order to examine which interests and values must be protected by judicial and institutional system. With these considerations, we expect to reach a better understading about by-laws framework and which are the restrictions imposed to the establishment of the referred clauses.

Submitted by Secretaria Pós de Produção (tpp@vm.uff.br) on 2017-07-27T18:57:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 D2016 - Gustavo Naciff de Andrade.pdf: 2452194 bytes, checksum: f8401611b3a2637e99e0b74cf7192ddd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-27T18:57:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 D2016 - Gustavo Naciff de Andrade.pdf: 2452194 bytes, checksum: f8401611b3a2637e99e0b74cf7192ddd (MD5) / Medir a eficiência levando em consideração as preferências de um decisor estabelecidas a priori. Para tanto propõe-se a integração da modelagem de Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA) e a metodologia multicritério Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical Based Evaluation Technique (MACBETH) através de um problema de programação linear integrado. São propostas duas abordagens de integração. A primeira delas, denominada DEAMACBETH, agrega os outputs do modelo usando a lógica MACBETH. Nesta abordagem, quando se realiza a transformação característica de MACBETH nos pesos dos outputs, chegase aos mesmos pesos das trocas que o modelo multicritério sugeriria para uma mesma matriz de julgamentos. A segunda abordagem deriva da primeira, mas busca utilizar as restrições de MACBETH como restrições aos pesos em DEA, por esta razão é denominada DEAMACBETH-WR (WR – Weight Restrictions). É proposto um algoritmo que utiliza um parâmetro do modelo anterior para possibilitar uma flexibilização na razão dos pesos do modelo permitindo uma maior flexibilidade na atribuição aos pesos do que o modelo DEAMACBETH. Por fim, é apresentado um estudo de caso em que se busca avaliar o portfólio de investimentos em projetos por distribuidora no âmbito do Programa de Eficiência Energética (PEE) da ANEEL. Os resultados evidenciam como diferentes matrizes de julgamento conduzem a rankings diferentes de distribuidoras para ambas as abordagens desenvolvidas. / This study aims to develop a new methodology to measure the efficiency taking into account the preferences of a decision maker. It is proposed the integration of Data Envlopment Analysis (DEA) and the multicriteria methodology Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical Based Evaluation Technique (MACBETH) through an integrated linear programming problem. Two approaches to this integration are proposed. The first, called DEA-MACBETH, aggregates the outputs of the model using MACBETH logic. This fact is proven when performing the transformation, characteristic of MACBETH, in the weights of outputs and comes up to same swing weights that the multi-criteria model would suggest to the same judgments matrix. The second approach is derived from the first but uses MACBETH restrictions such as restrictions on weights in DEA. For this reason this second approach is referred DEA-MACBETH-WR (WR - Weight Restrictions). It is proposed an algorithm which uses a previous model parameter to allow flexibility in the weights in comparison to the DEA-MACBETH model. Finally, it is presented a case study in which the objective is to evaluate the portfolio of investments for brazilians distributors in Energy Efficiency Program Project (EEP). The results show how different judgment matrix can lead to different rankings of distributors for the developed approaches.