Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:39:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cibele de Paula Deis.pdf: 672256 bytes, checksum: 63dd609334b89d8b2e6b3f76d3f9de9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-23 / PricewaterhouseCoopers Auditores Independentes / The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance of insurance companies operating in auto lines, during the period from 1999 to 2008. Based on the analysis of the combined and broad-based combined ratios, as well as other correlated indices (claims ratio and ratios of selling and administrative expenses), it was possible to ascertain the level of dependence on financial gains required to obtain positive results. The study was limited to insurance companies operating in auto lines, which is Brazil's most popular type of insurance and, in this context, 18 large, medium and small insurance companies were analyzed based on their financial statements. The performance of insurance companies linked to banks, as well as that of the independent companies was examined. The results of the study revealed that, during the period from 1999 to 2008, financial gains contributed from 10.19% to 17.52% to improving the operating efficiency of the insurance companies under analysis and to maintaining, for the whole period, the broad-based combined ratios below 100%. At the same time, the average combined ratios determined varied from 122.91% to 98.33%. Only in 2006 and 2007, did the sample under analysis present operating efficiency. Moreover, the insurance companies presented high operating costs, especially for claims. In a comparison between the bank-linked insurance companies and the independent insurance companies, it was noted that, on average, the selling and administrative expenses of insurance companies which use a bank branch network for distributing their products were lower than those of the independent companies comprising the sample. During the period from 2003 to 2007, the large-sized insurance companies not associated to banks revealed a gradual improvement in operating efficiency, due to the significant decrease in the claims ratio of the portfolio and a partial reduction in administrative expenses. Considering that competition is expected to become even tougher, it follows that the insurance companies will need to focus on reducing costs and improving their operating controls in order to reduce their dependence on financial results and promote the continuity of their business / O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o desempenho operacional de seguradoras que operam no ramo de Automóveis, no período de 1999 a 2008. A partir da análise dos índices combinado e combinado ampliado, bem como dos demais índices correlatos (sinistralidade e das despesas de comercialização e administrativa) foi possível verificar o nível de dependência dos ganhos financeiros para obtenção de resultados positivos. A pesquisa foi limitada às seguradoras que atuam no ramo de Automóveis, que é o seguro mais popular no país, e, nesse contexto, foram estudadas as 18 maiores seguradoras de grande, médio e pequeno porte, tomando por base as demonstrações contábeis. Verificou-se, também, o desempenho das seguradoras ligadas a Bancos e as Independentes. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciaram que no período de 1999 a 2008, os ganhos financeiros contribuíram de 10,19% a 17,52% para melhoria da eficiência operacional das seguradoras estudadas e, fazendo com que durante todo o período os índices combinados ampliados ficassem inferiores a 100%. Por sua vez, os índices combinados médios apurados variaram de 122,91% a 98,33%. A amostra estudada apresentou eficiência operacional, somente em relação aos exercícios de 2006 e 2007. Além disso, as seguradoras apresentaram elevados custos operacionais, especialmente, com sinistros. Na comparação das seguradoras ligadas a Bancos e independentes, observou-se que, na média, as despesas de comercialização e administrativas das seguradoras que utilizam a rede de agência dos Bancos para distribuição de seus produtos foram inferiores as demais. No período de 2003 a 2007, as seguradoras de grande porte não ligadas a Bancos mostraram uma melhoria gradual na eficiência operacional, devido à redução significativa da sinistralidade da carteira e parcialmente das despesas administrativas. Considerando que a concorrência tende a continuar ser cada vez mais acirrada, conclui-se que as seguradoras necessitam focar na redução dos custos e controles operacionais, a fim de reduzir sua dependência dos resultados financeiros e a continuidade do seu negócio

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:39:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Versao Final Valter Gomes.pdf: 3352205 bytes, checksum: 0d5a344e2475b699ef65e36dd797eb8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-15 / nenhum / ABSTRACT GOMES, Válter. Contribution to Publicise Actions of Social Responsibility: Case Study of UNIARAXÁ. 2005, 204 p. (Master Degree in Accountancy and Finance) Post-Graduation Program in Accountancy and Finance at the Economics and Administration Faculty FEA of the Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo PUC / SP. São Paulo. This paper aims at contributing to the advance of the analysis and discussions regarding the relevance of publishing social responsible actions by institutions. It analyses stakeholders perceptions on which social responsible actions should be carried out, mainly , by colleges and universities, as well as the way in which they should be published. Based on a deeper understanding of the subject and the analysis of the Social Result Balance of twelve different Brazilian universities, the main social responsible actions which are likely to be accomplished by such institutions, were highlighted and, a survey was developed and applied together with the stakeholders at the Centro Universitário do Planalto de Araxá. The collected data was analyzed according to different groups as follows: students, professors, administrators, management staff, suppliers, contractors, and members of the community. Gender, educational background, age and family income of the interviewees, were also taken into account. A methodology for the elaboration of the social result balance of the universities was proposed as well as a new model to be applied by these institutions. The main conclusions showed: the great importance of social responsibility of the institutions; the need of a compromise regarding the economic interests, production and transmission of knowledge with those of people who relate to such institutions; the importance that should be given to human resources; the understanding that investments made in the preservation, the protection and the recuperation of the environment make institutions more competitive; the relevance of social programs to society in general; the importance of publishing social responsible actions, through a clear, well-planed Social Result Balance which bear accessible language, relevant, consistent and coherent information and, most importantly, guaranteeing the necessary honesty to the credibility of the document. / RESUMO GOMES, Válter. Contribuição à Divulgação de Ações de Responsabilidade Social: Estudo de Caso do UNIARAXÁ. 2005, 204 p. (Mestrado em Ciências Contábeis e Financeiras) Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Ciências Contábeis e Financeiras da Faculdade de Economia e Administração FEA da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo PUC/SP. São Paulo. Este trabalho tem por objetivo contribuir para o avanço das análises e discussões em torno da relevância da publicação de ações de responsabilidade social pelas entidades. Analisa a percepção dos stakeholders sobre quais atividades de responsabilidade social devem ser realizadas, prioritariamente, por uma instituição de ensino superior, e como devem ser publicadas. Com base no aprofundamento da literatura sobre o tema e na análise dos balanços sociais de doze instituições de ensino superior brasileiras, foram levantadas as principais ações de responsabilidade social possíveis de serem realizadas por tais entidades, e foi criado e aplicado um questionário de pesquisa junto aos stakeholders do Centro Universitário do Planalto de Araxá - UNIARAXÁ. Os dados foram analisados de acordo com diferentes grupos: alunos, professores, gestores, funcionários administrativos, fornecedores, prestadores de serviços e representantes da comunidade, tendo sido também considerados sexo, escolaridade, faixa etária e renda familiar dos entrevistados. Foi proposta uma metodologia para elaboração dos balanços sociais das instituições de ensino superior; foi proposto também um modelo a ser aplicado por tais entidades. As principais conclusões explicitaram: a grande importância da responsabilidade social das entidades; a necessidade de conciliação de interesses econômicos, de produção e de transmissão do conhecimento com os de todas as pessoas que se inter-relacionam com as entidades; a importância que as entidades devem dispensar a seus recursos humanos; a conclusão de que investimento em preservação, proteção e recuperação do meio ambiente é fator de competitividade; a relevância dos programas de benefícios e contribuições à sociedade em geral; a importância da publicação das ações de responsabilidade social, através de Balanços Sociais bem elaborados, transparentes, com linguagem acessível, informações relevantes, consistentes e coerentes, e, principalmente, sendo prioritariamente garantida a probidade necessária à credibilidade do documento.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:39:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Emilene Faria Mesquita.pdf: 653077 bytes, checksum: ab3ded235ef8fde719b8633056d10e23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-20 / The Result Identification and Accumulation Model was conceptualized by Parisi (1995) for a coordinated range of activities that, inside a logical structure, collection, identify and accumulate data of several economic events from on organization. In this research, the model was developed to meet insurance companies.The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the premise of the Result Identification and Accumulation Model applied to Insurance Companies, allowing to obtain the results by Line of Business, identifying those that generate higher or lower benefits and enabling the improvement of its processes and better results. The deductive method was used for the study the conceptual literature of Economic Management, through the collection of data in documents used as primary sources and the inductive method as the study sample, by applying a questionnaire, achieving 12 insurance companies representing almost 80% of the Gross Written Premium in 2010 across the industry. It was evidenced through the questionnaire that the insurance companies do not use information as best as possible and the economic result is not main performance measure and often this result is not known by Line of Business. It was also evidenced that most insurance companies consider that the volume of premiums written as decision factor, contrary to the theory of Economic Management, which has the main factor as the economic result. Finally the Result Identification and Accumulation Model is examined through secondary data obtained from the Statistics Generator System of SUSEP Superintendência de Seguros Privados, concluding the sustainability of model for the insurance companies and academic contribution of this research in an original way for the segment / O Modelo de Identificação e Acumulação de Resultado (MIAR) foi conceituado por Parisi (1995) como sendo um conjunto coordenado de atividades que, dentro de uma estrutura lógica, coleta, identifica e acumula os dados dos diversos eventos econômicos de uma organização. Neste trabalho, o modelo foi desenvolvido para atender às empresas do segmento de seguros. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever e analisar as premissas do Modelo de Identificação e Acumulação de Resultado aplicado às seguradoras, de forma a proporcionar os resultados por Unidade de Negócio e tornar possível a identificação daquelas que geram maiores e menores benefícios, para possibilitar o aprimoramento de seus processos e a otimização dos resultados. O método dedutivo foi utilizado para atingir o estudo bibliográfico dos conceitos de Gestão Econômica, por meio de coleta de dados em documentos usados como fontes primárias e o método indutivo quanto ao estudo da amostra, através da aplicação de um questionário que atingiu 12 seguradoras que representam quase 80% do prêmio emitido no ano de 2010 por todo o mercado. Constatou-se através desse questionário que as seguradoras não utilizam a informação da melhor forma e que o resultado econômico não é a principal medida de desempenho e muitas vezes nem é conhecido por Unidade de Negócio. Contatou-se ainda que a maioria das seguradoras considera o faturamento como fator de decisão, em desacordo com a teoria da Gestão Econômica, que tem como principal fator de medida o resultado econômico. Por fim, o Modelo de Identificação e Acumulação de Resultado é testado através da utilização de dados secundários obtidos do Sistema Gerador de Estatísticas da Superintendência de Seguros Privados, onde foi possível concluir a aplicabilidade do Modelo para as empresas de Seguro e a contribuição acadêmica dessa pesquisa de forma original para o segmento

Embora adolescentes do sexo masculino e feminino consumam drogas na mesma proporção, a procura por tratamento especializado é maior entre o sexo masculino. Poucos são os estudos sobre as diferenças entre os sexos dos adolescentes usuários de drogas, principalmente no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever as características e investigar possíveis diferenças entre os gêneros dos adolescentes usuários de drogas em tratamento quanto ao padrão de consumo de drogas, conseqüências do uso e evolução no tratamento. Foram avaliadas as diferenças entre os gêneros de 124 adolescentes em tratamento. As variáveis estudadas foram: idade de início do uso de drogas e quando procurou tratamento, companhia do primeiro uso, antecedente familiar, tipos de drogas consumidas, envolvimento em atos ilícitos, problemas com a polícia, atraso escolar, comorbidades, tempo de abstinência durante o tratamento e tempo de tratamento. O sexo masculino foi mais prevalente do que o feminino (81,5% e 18,5%, respectivamente). A idade média na admissão foi de 15,4 ± 1,3 ano e a idade de primeiro uso foi de 13,3 ± 1,5 ano. Setenta e oito porcento dos adolescentes tinham antecedente familiar de uso de drogas. A primeira droga ilícita consumida foi a maconha, sendo esta também a principal droga consumida no ano anterior ao tratamento. Aproximadamente 78% dos adolescentes tinham envolvimento em atividades ilegais, 1,6% tinham comorbidade com transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade e 5,6% com transtorno de conduta. A média de permanência em tratamento foi de 21,1 ± 19,7 semanas e ____ estavam abstinentes ao final do tratamento. Em todas estas variáveis não houve diferenças entre os gêneros. O sexo feminino apresentou maior prevalência de uso de benzodiazepínico na vida (17,4%), primeiro uso de drogas com familiares (21,1%), outros diagnósticos além do transtorno por uso de substância (25,4%), transtorno depressivo maior (43,5%), tentativa de suicídio (35,5%) e maior período de abstinência durante o tratamento (média de 30,2 ± 24,4 semanas). Entre o sexo masculino foi observado maior prevalência de repetência (87,1%) e problemas com a polícia (48,5%). As conseqüências do uso de drogas (problemas com a polícia e atraso escolar) são mais evidentes entre o sexo masculino, o que poderia explicar a maior prevalência do sexo masculino em tratamentos especializados. Apesar disso, o sexo feminino consome drogas e pratica atividades ilegais nas mesmas proporções do sexo masculino. Tentativas de suicídio e depressão são mais prevalentes entre o sexo feminino, o que parece ser um fator precipitante para a busca de tratamento especializado neste sexo. Estas diferenças observadas justificam a necessidade de diferentes abordagens terapêuticas para ambos os sexos, assim como o desenvolvimento de programas para ajudar a identificação de problemas relacionados ao uso de drogas principalmente entre o sexo feminino. / Although male and female adolescents consume drugs in the same proportion, male adolescents are referred for specialized treatment more frequently than females. There are a few studies about the differences among genders of adolescent drug abusers, especially in Brazil. The objective of this study is to describe the characteristics and access possible differences in the drug using between genders of adolescents in treatment considering the pattern of drug abuse, consequences of this use, and treatment outcome. The differences among genders of 124 adolescents in treatment were accessed. The following variables were accessed: age at the first drug use and they looked for treatment, with whom they first use drugs, family history of drug use, drugs ever consumed, illegal behaviours, court problems, scholar delay, co-morbidities, abstinence during treatment, and treatment period. Male were more prevalent than female (81.5% vs. 18.5%, respectively). The mean age at the admission to the program was 15,4 ± 1,3 years, the mean age at the first time they used illegal drug was 13,3 ± 1,5 years. Seventy eight percent had family history of drug use. The first illegal drug consumed was marijuana, and this was the most drugs consumed during the last year before the treatment admission, as well. Almost 78% of the adolescents had history of illegal behaviours, 5,6% had co-morbidity with conduct disorder and 1,6% had attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. The mean permanence in treatment was 21,1 ± 19,7 weeks, and ____% was abstinent at the end of treatment. No differences between genders were found considering these variables. Among female adolescents there were more prevalence of benzodiazepine use, at least once in their lives (17,4%), first drug use with family members (21,1%), prevalence of co-morbidities (25,4%), major depression disorder (43,5%), suicidal attempt (35,5%), and period of abstinence during treatment (mean of 30,2 ± 24,4 weeks). Among males, scholar delay (87,1%) and court problems (48,5%) were more frequent than among females. Consequences of drug abuse (court problems and scholar delay) are much more evident among male, which could explain the higher prevalence of males in specialized treatment sets. However, females consume the same amount of drugs and engage in illegal behavior as males. Suicidal attempts and depression are higher among female abusers, which may be the precipitant factor for female specialized treatment. These differences may justify different treatment approach for each gender, as well as, the development of programs to identify problems related to drug use, especially among female adolescents.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:43:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LaisaFSFPB_DISSERT.pdf: 2416176 bytes, checksum: dd8d1734e764fa742d19b9b01a384767 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-05 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Most cochlear implant (CI) users, who suffer from post lingual hearing loss, are able to perceive sounds and comprehend speech after the implant. The prediction of maximal benefit over time, with the use of CI, can be useful for counseling patients about their expectations in using the new device. The measurement of satisfaction should be of primary interest in medical intervention, as the results may be used for intervention feedback. The purpose of this study is to analyze auditory performance of CI over time, as well as to evaluate users&#8223; satisfaction. Therefore two types of study designs were employed: a) retrospective cohort study with the analysis of medical records from 59 subjects about auditory performance before and after surgery. Results were submitted to the Kaplan -Meier estimator of cumulative probability and compared to prognostic factors of auditory performance using the logrank test. b) A sectional study design was conducted to evaluate the satisfaction of 51 subjects. The instrument consists of two specific questionnaires: Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Life SADL and International Outcome Inventory Cochlear Implant IOI- CI. Results show statistical significant differences (p<0,001) in auditory performance before and after CI. The majority obtained satisfactory results of CI use during the first six months. Logrank tests does not indicate significant correlation between the analyzed covariates and the time in which adequate speech perception occurs. SADL e IOI-CI questionnaires indicate that most of the CI users are satisfied with their devices. The SADL detected a 27, 5% insatisfaction amongst CI users in relation to services and costs involved with the CI. The results of the IOI show 4% of insatisfaction with the use of CI and the social environment. In conclusion CI is capable to rehabilitate social auditory function in a short period of time and CI users demonstrate satisfaction with auditory, social and psychological gain offered through CI device / O Implante Coclear (IC) permite a maioria dos seus usu?rios acometidos por perda auditiva p?s-lingual, o alcance significativo da sensa??o auditiva e da compreens?o da fala. Predizer o tempo no qual o benef?cio m?ximo do IC ? obtido ? um dado objetivo para aconselhar pacientes no que diz respeito ?s suas expectativas sobre o dispositivo. De forma subjetiva, a avalia??o da satisfa??o dos usu?rios deve ser o interesse prim?rio das interven??es m?dicas, pois ? um importante retorno para a equipe cl?nica envolvida. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o desempenho auditivo ao longo do tempo e a satisfa??o dos usu?rios do IC. Portanto, o estudo possui dois delineamentos: a) coorte retrospectivo, atrav?s da an?lise dos prontu?rios de 59 indiv?duos, avaliando seus resultados auditivos antes e ap?s a cirurgia. Os achados foram submetidos ao estimador de Kaplan-Meier para probabilidade acumulada. Foram tamb?m comparados aos fatores progn?sticos do desempenho auditivo conhecidos na literatura atrav?s do teste de logrank; b) o estudo seccional foi conduzido para avaliar a satisfa??o dos 51 usu?rios inclu?dos, atrav?s de dois question?rios espec?ficos (Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Life SADL e International Outcome Inventory Cochlear Implant IOI- CI). Os resultados indicam uma diferen?a estatisticamente significativo (p<0,001) no desempenho auditivo pr? e p?s-implante coclear. O resultado satisfat?rio ? obtido pela grande maioria nos primeiros seis meses de uso e o teste de logrank n?o indicou correla??o significativa entre as covari?veis analisadas e o tempo em que ocorre a percep??o adequada da fala. Os question?rios SADL e IOI-CI indicaram que a maioria dos indiv?duos est? satisfeita com seus dispositivos. O SADL detectou 27,5% dos usu?rios insatisfeitos no que diz respeito aos servi?os e custos envolvidos com o IC. Na an?lise do IOI, 4% dos indiv?duos mostraram-se insatisfeitos com o uso do IC e o meio social no qual est? inserido. Conclui-se que o implante coclear foi capaz de reabilitar a fun??o social auditiva em um curto espa?o de tempo nos indiv?duos pesquisados e que os estes encontram-se satisfeitos com os ganhos auditivo, social e psicol?gico oferecidos por esse dispositivo.

[pt] O ROI de treinamento, última etapa da escala de avaliação de treinamentos, que compreende também as fases de avaliação de reação, aprendizagem, comportamento e resultados, é o objeto de estudo desta pesquisa que buscou investigar os sistemas existentes para mensurá-lo nas Organizações Brasileiras, bem como a relevância deste tema. Foi feita uma ampla revisão da literatura sobre os métodos existentes para calcular o ROI de treinamento, recorrendo principalmente a autores dos Estados Unidos. O referencial teórico e a realização de um pré-teste em 2002 contribuíram como base para a formulação do questionário que avaliou as condições e percepções para o cálculo do ROI de treinamento em amostra composta por 75 empresas brasileiras de diversos estados. A análise qualitativa combinada à análise quantitativa com uso do software estatístico SPSS (teste t, redução de fatores, formação de clusters, MANOVA) chegou a conclusão de que poucas empresas brasileiras aplicam métodos de mensuração do ROI de treinamento, mas a percepção da relevância do tema é alta. Identificou-se nas respostas do questionário um possível exemplo de aplicação no Call Center da Vésper, descrito ao final da pesquisa, a partir de entrevista realizada. / [en] Training ROI, last stage in the training evaluation methodology, that also includes reaction, learning, behavior and results, is the object of study of this research that investigated the existing systems to measure it in the Brazilian organizations, as well as the importance of the theme. A broad revision of the literature about the existing methods to calculate Training ROI was made and resorted mainly to authors in the United States. The theoretical reference and the realization of a pretest in 2002, contributed as basis to formulate a questionnaire that evaluated the conditions and perceptions for the calculation of Training ROI in a sample of 75 Brazilian companies from various states. The qualitative analysis together with the quantitative analysis using statistical software SPSS (t test, factor reduction, clusters formation, MANOVA), concluded that few Brazilian companies apply measurement systems in Training ROI, but the perception of its importance is high. A possible example of application was identified in the Call Center of Vésper, described at the end of the research, with the interview made.

<p><p><p><strong>Bakgrund</strong><strong>:</strong> Studier visar att ungas upplevda- och psykiska hälsa samt deras hälsorelaterade levnadsvanor försämras med åldern. Elevers trivsel och påverkansmöjligheter i skolan minskar också med stigande ålder. Hälsofrämjande arbete i skolan kan därför vara värdefullt för att förbättra ungas hälsa. Det kan exempelvis ske genom Korpen Svenska Motionsidrottsförbundets koncept: Hälsodiplomerad gymnasieskola. I Västerås är Carlforsska gymnasiet en hälsodiplomerad skola. <strong>Syfte</strong>: Att studera om den hälsodiplomerade skolans hälsofrämjande arbete medfört någon förändring gällande elevers hälsa i årskurs två mellan åren 2004 och 2008. <strong>Metod</strong>: En resultatutvärdering genomfördes innefattande; en kvalitativ och en kvantitativ metod. Kvalitativ studie omfattade fyra intervjuer med skolpersonal. Underlag för den kvantitativa studien var ett insamlat material från undersökningen "Liv- och hälsa- Ung i Västmanland". <strong>Resultat</strong>: Skolpersonal upplevde att förbättringar skett gällande elevers hälsorelaterade levnadsvanor och ökad trivsel i skolan. Båda könen rapporterade förbättrad psykisk hälsa avseende minskad nervositet och ökad skoltrivsel. Pojkar hade också förbättrade resultat gällande; livskvalitet, irritation, stress, alkoholintag och snusvanor. Flickor rapporterade förbättrade resultat rörande; fysisk aktivitet, frukostintag och utökad arbetsro i skolan. <strong>Slutsatser</strong>: Skolans hälsofrämjande arbete har troligtvis bidragit till att förbättra elevers hälsa. Det är ett långsiktigt arbete och fler studier inom området behövs för att utläsa dess egentliga effekter på hälsa.</p></p></p> / <p><p><p><strong>Background</strong><strong>:</strong> Studies have shown that young people's experienced- and psychological health and their health related habits declines with age. Student's comfort and influence opportunities in school also weaken with age. Health promotion work in school might therefore be valuable to increase young people's health. This could for instance be achieved through Korpen - the Swedish exercise union's concept: Health certified school. Västerås, a city in the county of Västmanland, has one health certified high school, Carlforsska. <strong>Aim</strong>: To study if the health certified school's health promotion work has resulted in any change concerning the second grade student's health, between the years 2004 and 2008. <strong>Method</strong>: A outcome evaluation has been conducted including both qualitative and quantitative method. The qualitative method included four interviews with school staff. The foundation for the quantitative study was a collected material from a survey called "Liv och hälsa- Ung in Västmanland". <strong>Result</strong>: School staff experienced improvements concerning student's health related habits and increased comfort in school. Both boys and girls reported improved psychological health such as lower feelings of nervousness and improved comfort in school. Boys had also improved results in; self reported quality of life, irritation, stress and alcoholand snuff use. Girls improved their results in; physical activity, breakfast habits and improved feelings of better working conditions in school. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The school's health promotive work has probably contributed to the student's improved health results. Working with health in school is a longterm process and more studies are needed to assure the detailed influence by health promotive work on young people's health.</p></p></p>

<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the observed issues about the economy units’ importation in the municipal of Bollnäs, Sweden, and study the internal communication according to this matter. </p><p><strong>Method:</strong> This paper is written as a process where the information flow has been decided by the information held in the interviews. The interviews have dealt with the economy units issues and the communication linked to it, within the oganization. The persons that have been interviewed are Olle Nilsson Sträng -principal of the municipal executive board, Leopold Stoltz - head of the municipal, Jan Lahenkorva‐ principal of the youth and child care board Maj ‐Britt Karlsson‐ head of the youth and child care management and Eva Eklunddirector of junior school. After the interview report, discussions about what really happened and what can be done are made. </p><p><strong>Contribution of thesis:</strong> The thesis shows that the communication is important for the persons within the organization and its function. It also contributes to a understanding of the public organizations of Sweden.</p><p><strong>Future research:</strong> Suggest how decisions will be made in a public and private organization,are there any differences? I would also be interesting to know how the community is reacting on the information from public organization. </p><p><strong>Result & Conclusions: </strong>To build awareness about the internal communication problems and consider the decision ‐making process and how the decisions are made public. </p><p> </p>

<p>Ämnet för denna uppsats är tillsynen av enskilda hvb-hem</p><p>för minderåriga. Syftet är att titta närmare på hur denna tillsyn egentligen fungerar i tre valda län – Örebro, Halland och Skåne. Uppsatsens huvudfråga handlar om hur tillsynen går till, om riktlinjer finns samt om dessa efterföljs. Uppsatsen har en explorativ ansats och information</p><p>har sökts främst genom e-post-kontakt med olika instanser men också via Internet och litteratur.</p><p>Det har visat sig att tillsynen oftast följer framtagna riktlinjer i någon form, att den sker via föranmälda besök på hvb-hemmen där tillsynsmännen tittar på dokumentation, rutiner,</p><p>personal samt behandlingsarbetet. Tillsynen fyller den funktion den avser, däremot är funktionen bristfällig. Det har också framkommit att klienten inte är huvudpersonen för</p><p>tillsynen. Ett vårddygn kostar från 1500 kronor och uppåt. Gällande vårdutfallet råder stor förvirring och de flesta har ej svarat utifrån sina åsikter. Vår slutsats är att tillsynen inte</p><p>fungerar som den borde då det mest väsentliga – vårdutfallet – inte utvärderas. Bra riktlinjer finns, men dessa följs inte fullt ut. Dessutom följer inte alla samma riktlinjer, vilket är väldigt underligt då det handlar om samma slags vård inom samma åldersgrupp.</p> / <p>The subject for this essay is the inspection of privately owned homes for treatment or living for minors. The purpose is to look closer at how this inspection works in three different counties – Örebro, Halland and Skåne. The main questions at issue are how the inspection is executed, if there are guidelines and if they are used. This essay has an explorative theme and the information has been searched foremost through email-contacts with the different authorities but also through the internet and in litterature.</p><p>We have learned that the inspection most often follow guidelines of some sort, that the inspection is pre-announced and that the inspectors foremost looks at documentation, routines, staff and how the treatment is carried out. The inspections do what is intended, but we feel that the intention is insufficient. We have also found that the client is not the focus of the inspection, at least not the primary one. The cost for treatment starts at 1500 krona per day and night, but is often higher. Concerning what the county administrative board and the local authorities think about the result of treatment, we have found that they do not really know what the result is and they do not answer what they personally think. Our conclusions are that the inspection does not work the way it ought to since the most important thing – the result of treatment – has not been evaluated enough. Good guidelines exists but are not used sufficiently. Also, not all use the same guidelines which we find strange since it all concerns the same kind of treatment.</p>

Bakgrund: Studier visar att ungas upplevda- och psykiska hälsa samt deras hälsorelaterade levnadsvanor försämras med åldern. Elevers trivsel och påverkansmöjligheter i skolan minskar också med stigande ålder. Hälsofrämjande arbete i skolan kan därför vara värdefullt för att förbättra ungas hälsa. Det kan exempelvis ske genom Korpen Svenska Motionsidrottsförbundets koncept: Hälsodiplomerad gymnasieskola. I Västerås är Carlforsska gymnasiet en hälsodiplomerad skola. Syfte: Att studera om den hälsodiplomerade skolans hälsofrämjande arbete medfört någon förändring gällande elevers hälsa i årskurs två mellan åren 2004 och 2008. Metod: En resultatutvärdering genomfördes innefattande; en kvalitativ och en kvantitativ metod. Kvalitativ studie omfattade fyra intervjuer med skolpersonal. Underlag för den kvantitativa studien var ett insamlat material från undersökningen "Liv- och hälsa- Ung i Västmanland". Resultat: Skolpersonal upplevde att förbättringar skett gällande elevers hälsorelaterade levnadsvanor och ökad trivsel i skolan. Båda könen rapporterade förbättrad psykisk hälsa avseende minskad nervositet och ökad skoltrivsel. Pojkar hade också förbättrade resultat gällande; livskvalitet, irritation, stress, alkoholintag och snusvanor. Flickor rapporterade förbättrade resultat rörande; fysisk aktivitet, frukostintag och utökad arbetsro i skolan. Slutsatser: Skolans hälsofrämjande arbete har troligtvis bidragit till att förbättra elevers hälsa. Det är ett långsiktigt arbete och fler studier inom området behövs för att utläsa dess egentliga effekter på hälsa. / Background: Studies have shown that young people's experienced- and psychological health and their health related habits declines with age. Student's comfort and influence opportunities in school also weaken with age. Health promotion work in school might therefore be valuable to increase young people's health. This could for instance be achieved through Korpen - the Swedish exercise union's concept: Health certified school. Västerås, a city in the county of Västmanland, has one health certified high school, Carlforsska. Aim: To study if the health certified school's health promotion work has resulted in any change concerning the second grade student's health, between the years 2004 and 2008. Method: A outcome evaluation has been conducted including both qualitative and quantitative method. The qualitative method included four interviews with school staff. The foundation for the quantitative study was a collected material from a survey called "Liv och hälsa- Ung in Västmanland". Result: School staff experienced improvements concerning student's health related habits and increased comfort in school. Both boys and girls reported improved psychological health such as lower feelings of nervousness and improved comfort in school. Boys had also improved results in; self reported quality of life, irritation, stress and alcoholand snuff use. Girls improved their results in; physical activity, breakfast habits and improved feelings of better working conditions in school. Conclusion: The school's health promotive work has probably contributed to the student's improved health results. Working with health in school is a longterm process and more studies are needed to assure the detailed influence by health promotive work on young people's health.