Aim: To investigate the observed issues about the economy units’ importation in the municipal of Bollnäs, Sweden, and study the internal communication according to this matter.  Method: This paper is written as a process where the information flow has been decided by the information held in the interviews. The interviews have dealt with the economy units issues and the communication linked to it, within the oganization. The persons that have been interviewed are Olle Nilsson Sträng -principal of the municipal executive board, Leopold Stoltz - head of the municipal, Jan Lahenkorva‐ principal of the youth and child care board Maj ‐Britt Karlsson‐ head of the youth and child care management and Eva Eklunddirector of junior school. After the interview report, discussions about what really happened and what can be done are made.  Contribution of thesis: The thesis shows that the communication is important for the persons within the organization and its function. It also contributes to a understanding of the public organizations of Sweden. Future research: Suggest how decisions will be made in a public and private organization,are there any differences? I would also be interesting to know how the community is reacting on the information from public organization.  Result & Conclusions: To build awareness about the internal communication problems and consider the decision ‐making process and how the decisions are made public.

Ämnet för denna uppsats är tillsynen av enskilda hvb-hem för minderåriga. Syftet är att titta närmare på hur denna tillsyn egentligen fungerar i tre valda län – Örebro, Halland och Skåne. Uppsatsens huvudfråga handlar om hur tillsynen går till, om riktlinjer finns samt om dessa efterföljs. Uppsatsen har en explorativ ansats och information har sökts främst genom e-post-kontakt med olika instanser men också via Internet och litteratur. Det har visat sig att tillsynen oftast följer framtagna riktlinjer i någon form, att den sker via föranmälda besök på hvb-hemmen där tillsynsmännen tittar på dokumentation, rutiner, personal samt behandlingsarbetet. Tillsynen fyller den funktion den avser, däremot är funktionen bristfällig. Det har också framkommit att klienten inte är huvudpersonen för tillsynen. Ett vårddygn kostar från 1500 kronor och uppåt. Gällande vårdutfallet råder stor förvirring och de flesta har ej svarat utifrån sina åsikter. Vår slutsats är att tillsynen inte fungerar som den borde då det mest väsentliga – vårdutfallet – inte utvärderas. Bra riktlinjer finns, men dessa följs inte fullt ut. Dessutom följer inte alla samma riktlinjer, vilket är väldigt underligt då det handlar om samma slags vård inom samma åldersgrupp. / The subject for this essay is the inspection of privately owned homes for treatment or living for minors. The purpose is to look closer at how this inspection works in three different counties – Örebro, Halland and Skåne. The main questions at issue are how the inspection is executed, if there are guidelines and if they are used. This essay has an explorative theme and the information has been searched foremost through email-contacts with the different authorities but also through the internet and in litterature. We have learned that the inspection most often follow guidelines of some sort, that the inspection is pre-announced and that the inspectors foremost looks at documentation, routines, staff and how the treatment is carried out. The inspections do what is intended, but we feel that the intention is insufficient. We have also found that the client is not the focus of the inspection, at least not the primary one. The cost for treatment starts at 1500 krona per day and night, but is often higher. Concerning what the county administrative board and the local authorities think about the result of treatment, we have found that they do not really know what the result is and they do not answer what they personally think. Our conclusions are that the inspection does not work the way it ought to since the most important thing – the result of treatment – has not been evaluated enough. Good guidelines exists but are not used sufficiently. Also, not all use the same guidelines which we find strange since it all concerns the same kind of treatment.

A comprehensive knowledge about the infiltration situation in a sewer system is required for sustainable operation and cost-effective maintenance. Due to the high expenditures of infiltration measurements an optimisation of necessary measurement campaigns and a reliable transfer of measurement results to comparable areas are essential. Suitable methods were developed to improve the information yield of measurements by identifying appropriate measuring point locations and to assign measurement results to other potential measuring points by comparing sub-catchments and classifying reaches. The methods are based on the introduced similarity approach “Similar sewer conditions lead to similar infiltration/inflow rates” and on modified multivariate statistical techniques. The developed methods have a high degree of freedom against data needs. They were successfully tested on real and generated data. For suitable catchments it is estimated, that the optimisation potential amounts up to 40 % accuracy improvement compared to non-optimised measuring point configurations. With an acceptable error the transfer of measurement results was successful for up to 75 % of the investigated sub-catchments. With the proposed methods it is possible to improve the information about the infiltration status of sewer systems and to reduce the measurement related uncertainty which results in significant cost savings for the operator. / Für den nachhaltigen Betrieb und die kosteneffiziente Unterhaltung von Kanalnetzen ist eine genaue Bestimmung ihrer Fremdwassersituation notwendig. Eine Optimierung der dazu erforderlichen Messkampagnen und eine zuverlässige Übertragung der Messergebnisse auf vergleichbare Gebiete sind aufgrund der hohen Aufwendungen für Infiltrationsmessungen angezeigt. Dafür wurden geeignete Methoden entwickelt, welche einerseits den Informationsgehalt von Messungen durch die Bestimmung optimaler Messpunkte verbessern und andererseits Messresultate mittels Vergleichen von Teileinzugsgebieten und Klassifizierungen von Kanalhaltungen zu anderen potenziellen Messstellen zuordnen. Die Methoden basieren auf dem Ähnlichkeitsansatz “Ähnliche Kanaleigenschaften führen zu ähnlichen Fremdwasserraten” und nutzen modifizierte multivariate statistische Verfahren. Sie haben einen hohen Freiheitsgrad bezüglich der Datenanforderung. Die Methoden wurden erfolgreich anhand gemessener und generierter Daten validiert. Es wird eingeschätzt, dass das Optimierungspotenzial bei geeigneten Einzugsgebieten bis zu 40 % gegenüber nicht optimierten Mess-netzen beträgt. Die Übertragung der Messergebnisse war mit einem akzeptablen Fehler für bis zu 75 % der untersuchten Teileinzugsgebiete erfolgreich. Mit den entwickelten Methoden ist es möglich, den Kenntnisstand über die Fremdwassersituation eines Kanalnetzes zu verbessern und die messungsbezogene Unsicherheit zu verringern. Dies resultiert in Kostenersparnissen für den Betreiber.

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The present article, the author treats some of the most relevant modifications on the new public procurement law.On that basis, he will explain us the vision that inspires this reform and the vision that this reform tries to implement on the entities that are in charge of this matter. / En el presente artículo, el autor aborda algunas de las modificaciones más relevantes en la nueva normativa de contrataciones del Estado. A partir de ello, nos explica la visión a la que apunta esta reforma y la visión que se procura implementar en las entidades encargadas de dicho rol.

Cette thèse en Sciences de l’Information et de la Communication propose de repenser la question de la transmission des métiers manuels, dans le contexte contemporain de l’artisanat en France. Nous analysons le dualisme classique entre « manuel » et « intellectuel », pour le dépasser à l’aide d’une approche théorique de l’intelligence issue de Janet et Jousse. Nous nous basons aussi sur les travaux à propos de la socialisation, notamment ceux de Dubar, pour mobiliser un modèle non-déterministe de la transmission des métiers en milieu artisanal. Afin de donner toute sa place au travail des matériaux, avec les outils, dans la socialisation professionnelle, nous proposons d’envisager son déroulement comme un processus de médiation et d’en décrire le dispositif médiatique, à la lumière du travail de Davallon. Nous présentons ensuite deux études de cas fondées sur des récits de vie, qui mettent en lumière l’ensemble des dimensions de l’expérience d’apprentissage de la menuiserie, tant en école professionnelle qu’en entreprise. Ces parcours personnels s’étalent depuis les années 1970 jusqu’au début des années 2000. Pour modéliser les effets de cette socialisation, nous développons un modèle de la fabrication de soi à partir des concepts de la psychologie du travail (Clot) et de la psychologie sociale (Bandura). Nous décrivons également des processus de médiation expliquant ces phénomènes de construction identitaire, tant par des relations sociales que par l’immersion dans un environnement professionnel. Cette thèse conduit à un autre regard sur l’apprentissage dans l’artisanat, sur les représentations sociales concernant l’école, le travail et les évolutions technologiques. / This doctoral thesis in Communication Sciences offers to rethink the question of transmission of manual trades, in the context of contemporary craft industry in France. We analyse the classical dualism between “manual” and “nonmanual”, and go further with a theoretical approach of intelligence derived from Janet and Jousse. We also base our analysis on the studies about socialization, especially from Dubar, so we can involve a non-determinist model of transmitting manual crafts. In order to recognize the importance of working with materials, tools, in occupational socialization, we propose to look at its sequence as a “process of mediation” and to describe its communication device, inspired by the work of Davallon. Then we present two case studies based on life stories, which expose all the dimensions of the experience of learning joinery, in technical college as well as in a firm. These personal experiences spread between the 1970’s to the beginning of the 2000’s. In order to model the effects of socialization, we build a theory of “the making of self” from concepts of occupational psychology (Clot) and social psychology (Bandura). We also describe mediation process explaining these phenomena of building identity, by social relations as well by submersion in an occupational background. This doctoral thesis leads to a reappraisal of apprenticeship in craft industry, of social representations about school, work and technological changes.

The work deals with the analysis of selected input data of one agriculture enterprise in relation to milk production. In the operating conditions evaluated indicators are: levels of nutrition, costing, cost of milk production. In this work on the basis of available data an overall evaluation of financial results in the years 2010, 2011, 2012 has been done.

As fístulas arteriovenosas da região do seio cavernoso constituem as fístulas carotidocavernosas que podem ser diretas ou indiretas. As indiretas são raras, a sua sintomatologia é variada e o tratamento é controverso. Este estudo compreendeu a análise prospectiva de 44 pacientes portadores de fístulas carotidocavernosas indiretas (FCCI) no período de 01 de janeiro de 1994 e 31 de janeiro de 2004, 42 com etiologia espontânea e dois pacientes com etiologia traumática, sendo estes analisados separadamente. Doze (12) pacientes foram submetidos à conduta expectante e orientados a realizar manobras de compressão carótido-jugular. O tratamento endovascular foi realizado por via arterial, venosa ou combinação dos dois, num total de 30 pacientes. Considerando o grupo inteiro, ocorreu trombose espontânea em aproximadamente 24% dos pacientes. Os sintomas e o aspecto angiográfico após o tratamento evoluíram com melhora ou cura em 100% dos casos, com oclusão completa das FCCI em 63,3%, a grande maioria destes submetidos a apenas um procedimento. Além dos acessos venosos tradicionais aos seios cavernosos, vias de acesso alternativas através da veia oftálmica superior foram realizadas por punção percutânea de veia facial, veia supratroclear ou veia frontal. O material embolizante mais utilizado foi o adesivo tissular líquido, \"cola\", isoladamente ou em conjunto com outros materiais. Houve complicações transitórias em 13,3% dos pacientes tratados e nenhuma complicação permanente foi observada, o que demonstrou a baixa morbidade deste procedimento / The arteriovenous fistulas of the cavernous sinus (CS) region constitute the carotid-cavernous fistula, which can be direct or indirect. The indirect type is quite rare, its clinical features is very inespecific and its treatment modalities controversial. Forty-four patients with indirect carotid-cavernous fistulas (ICCF) were studied in a prospective manner between January 1994 to January 2004, 42 with spontaneous etiology and 2 with traumatic etiology, being these analyzed separately. Twelve (12) patients were submitted to a expectant management and instructed to perform carotid-jugular compression. Endovascular treatment was accomplished by arterial approach, vein approach or combination of both, in a total of 30 patients. Considering the entire group, spontaneous thrombosis was observed in approximately 24%. Symptoms and the angiographic features after endovascular treatment improved or disappeared in 100% of the cases, with total obliteration in 63.3%, most of them submitted to just one procedure. Despite the traditional venous routes to the CS, alternative accesses through the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) were accomplished by percutaneous puncture of the facial, supratrochlear or frontal vein. Liquid adhesive (glue) was the most often embolic material used isolated or with other materials. No permanent complication was observed and only 13,3% of the patients treated cursed with transitory complications, what demonstrated the low morbidity of this procedure

Esta tesis presenta un enfoque cuantitativo, explicativo y descriptivo, aporta un sistema de gestión de costos mediante la metodología del Resultado Operativo y las diferentes bondades que presenta para incrementar los niveles de control y planificación de obra. En el desarrollo de una obra existen diferentes factores que afectan a la utilidad planificada, como atrasos en el cronograma, derroche de insumos, compras excesivas y otros que a la larga pueden terminar con dicha utilidad. Por este motivo contar con un sistema de control se vuelve vital para ejecutar una obra. El objetivo de esta tesis fue implementar el método del Resultado Operativo a una obra civil, que permita tener en cuenta aquellos factores que afectan a la utilidad y así incrementar el control de la misma, por ello se presentó una base conceptual y el desarrollo de su metodología. La metodología propuesta permitió planificar las partidas según el cronograma de obra, optimizar los insumos, proyectar la utilidad a final de obra según Fases y Grupos de Control establecidos, orientar a tomar decisiones anticipadas y mejorar el control de la utilidad en el transcurso de obra. This thesis present a quantitative, explanatory and descriptive approach, with the aim to provide a management costs system by operating income methodology and its various benefits presented to increasing control levels and planning work. In developing a work there are different factors that affect the planned utility, as delays in the schedule, wasted inputs, excessive shopping and others who may eventually end up with this utility. Therefore having a control system becomes vital to perform any work, either smaller or larger work, requires a control. The objective of this thesis is to implement the operating result method to a civil work, to take account factors that affect the utility, in order to increase control of it, so a conceptual base and develop methodology are discussed. The proposed methodology allows scheduling the work’s steps to optimize inputs, and project the utility at the end of work according to Control Groups and Established Phases, in order to make advance decisions and improve the control of the utility in the work’s development.

nÃo hà / O trabalho tem como objetivo propor um modelo diagnÃstico que permita avaliar o alinhamento entre os indicadores de resultados organizacionais e os indicadores de desempenho das pessoas. O pressuposto à de que a concepÃÃo de um modelo dessa natureza à factÃvel, desde que se consiga representar quantitativamente e de uma maneira simplificada essa relaÃÃo. A princÃpio, foi feita revisÃo bibliogrÃfica sobre os fundamentos da gestÃo estratÃgica, avaliaÃÃo de desempenho organizacional e de pessoas, sistemas e mÃtodos de avaliaÃÃo de desempenho. ApÃs a revisÃo bibliogrÃfica e com base nas premissas dos sistemas e modelos pesquisados, elaborou-se o modelo diagnÃstico organizacional para o cargo de gerente de unidade, tendo sido empreendida pesquisa de campo, com o objetivo de testar o modelo em trÃs instituiÃÃes financeiras pÃblicas da cidade de Fortaleza. O modelo à composto por cinco nÃveis, denominados dimensÃes, perspectivas, subdimensÃes, itens de verificaÃÃo e desdobramentos. Percebeu-se que a ferramenta à sensÃvel Ãs trÃs dimensÃes do modelo proposto, alÃm de constatar-se a sua viabilidade e utilidade para o processo decisÃrio. Observou-se a necessidade de se adaptar os itens de verificaÃÃo aos cargos em anÃlise, conforme as caracterÃsticas de cada espaÃo ocupacional, sendo essa condiÃÃo primordial para que o modelo proposto traduza a realidade das empresas e facilite o processo decisÃrio. A relevÃncia do sistema de pesos tambÃm foi abordada, com sugestÃes de modificaÃÃo do sistema em consonÃncia com as estratÃgias de cada organizaÃÃo que vier a adotar o modelo proposto.