Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:40:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 404514.pdf: 687718 bytes, checksum: bca8b6f24ac13194c59124234e1fe698 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-26 / Os discursos de Lula, que ser?o objeto de nossa an?lise, est?o inseridos em diferentes momentos de sua trajet?ria. Analisaremos quatro discursos: o ?ltimo discurso de Lula na presid?ncia do Sindicato dos Metal?rgicos de S?o Bernardo do Campo e Diadema, em 18 de abril de 1980, um dia ap?s o governo ter anunciado a interven??o do sindicato; o discurso de Posse do primeiro Mandato como Presidente da Rep?blica, em 1? de janeiro de 2003, oficializando a presen?a de um trabalhador - pela primeira vez - na Presid?ncia do Brasil; o discurso como Candidato ? reelei??o, proferido durante a Conven??o Nacional do Partido dos Trabalhadores, em 24 de junho de 2005 - cuja import?ncia est? no fato, de que al?m de Lula ter sido um dos Fundadores do PT, a hist?ria do partido se confunde com a sua pr?pria trajet?ria pol?tica, e tamb?m por ser um importante encontro de Lula com o Partido, que no ano de 2005 passou por uma grave crise interna, decorrente dos esc?ndalos envolvendo alguns de seus mais expressivos integrantes; e, por ?ltimo, o discurso de Posse do segundo Mandato, proferido dia 1? de janeiro de 2006, que marca, atrav?s da sua reelei??o, a supera??o de Lula com rela??o a crise resultante dos esc?ndalos envolvendo seu governo e o PT. Teremos como fundamenta??o te?rica as seguintes categorias: Comunica??o, em Michel Maffesoli, Argumenta??o em Philippe Breton, Espet?culo, em Gerard Schwartzenberg, e, Socioleto, em Roland Barthes. O nosso estudo contemplar? como op??es metodol?gicas o Estruturalismo, como m?todo da pesquisa, a Ret?rica, como t?cnica, e a Pesquisa Qualitativa.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:41:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 447096.pdf: 3391918 bytes, checksum: 75d3306be2c27afc687eed8b5381c8cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-25 / This essay analyzes the speeches of the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill during World War II, showing that, leadership and example can be carried out through speeches that mobilize entire populations and armies in behalf the fight for freedom. Through the method of Hermeneutics of Profundity and the theory of speeches analysis by Patrick Charaudeau, it is possible to understand the construction of those speeches to achieve the best possible effect, in order to keep high moral, the hopes of victory, accept hardships of the war and stand by the final objective of the inconditional surrender of the enemies and the reestablishment of freedom and democracy. / Esta disserta??o analisa os discursos do Primeiro Ministro ingl?s Winston Churchill durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, demonstrando que, a lideran?a e o exemplo podem ser exercidos por meio de discursos que mobilizem popula??es e ex?rcitos em torno da luta pela liberdade. Atrav?s do m?todo da Hermen?utica de Profundidade e da teoria da an?lise de discursos de Patrick Charaudeau, pode-se compreender a constru??o dos discursos para alcan?ar o melhor efeito poss?vel, no sentido de manter o moral alto, a esperan?a na vit?ria, a aceita??o das dificuldades e a persist?ncia no objetivo final, que seria a rendi??o incondicional dos inimigos e o reestabelecimento da liberdade e da democracia.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:38:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 437300.pdf: 1638924 bytes, checksum: bb50836ae78aa8adc3d233379daa581b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-03 / In this paper, an interdisciplinary perspective of linguistic rhetoric has been proposed, predominantly pragmatic-inferential, the form has effect on the content, through discussion of politeness and cursing, using natural and digital dialogue, taken from social networking sites (Facebook, Youtube, Twitter), for illustration. Since both inferential processes, natural dialogue, politeness, swearing and social networking sites have heteromorphic elements, they are complex problems, hard to be treated in a disciplinary way and, therefore, to be argued that interdisciplinary approaches are more interesting. It was assumed, therefore, being the Metatheory of Interfaces (CAMPOS, 2004a, 2007a, 2007d), the external interfaces are between Linguistics, Cognition, Communication and Computing (with respect to the Web), while the interior is among morphology, syntax, lexicology, semantics and pragmatics. This study aimed to: i. demonstrate the importance of internal and external interfaces consistent for the study of social networks on the Internet, ii. describe politeness present in social networks via the inferential perspective (GRICE, 1991; LEVINSON, 2000; SPERBER & WILSON, 1995). iii. to illustrate the expressiveness of bad words through a pragmatic perspective of rhetoric, and iv. emphasize its value in interdisciplinary research ― for example, the link between language and emotion. Considering the importance pointed out by Pinker (2008) and others to study the "language as a window into human nature," it is argued that due to the location of common language and conscious thought to be concentrated in the neocortex, also linguistic politeness, being the result of rationalization (BROWN and LEVINSON, 1987; ESCANDELL-VIDAL, 1995), is in the same region. However, the taboo words appear in the limbic system (PINKER, 2008), thus presenting a more direct link with emotions and hence greater effectiveness in the expression of these. Given this difference and considering the principle of non-trivial connectivity (COSTA, in press), politeness and bad words were treated as a counterpoint and addressed predominantly in a perspective pragmatic-inferential, because if the semantics value is relatively the same, the pragmatic weight varies according to, for example, the intention and form. We chose to use dialogue taken from social networking sites because they have the possibility of huge corpus analysis, in which interactions are spontaneous. It has been corroborated that the rhetorical value of politeness and bad words is linked to the emotional aspect (PINKER, 2008; JAY, 2009). / Neste trabalho, foi proposta uma perspectiva interdisciplinar de ret?rica lingu?stica, predominantemente pragm?tico-inferencial, em que a forma tem efeito sobre o conte?do,1 atrav?s de discuss?o acerca de polidez e palavr?es se usando di?logos naturais e digitais, retirados de redes sociais na internet (Facebook, Youtube, Twitter), para ilustra??o. Uma vez que processos inferenciais, di?logos naturais, polidez, palavr?es e redes sociais na internet apresentam elementos heterom?rficos, eles constituem problemas complexos, dif?ceis de se tratar disciplinarmente, e, portanto, se defendeu que abordagens interdisciplinares s?o mais interessantes por permitirem uma maior explica??o ou uma explica??o mais abrangente acerca deles. Assumiu-se, pois, a Metateoria das Interfaces (CAMPOS, 2004a, 2007a, 2007d), sendo as interfaces externas s?o entre Lingu?stica, Cogni??o, Comunica??o e Computa??o2 (no que diz respeito ? Web), enquanto as internas s?o entre morfologia, sintaxe, lexicologia, sem?ntica e pragm?tica. Objetivou-se: i. demonstrar a import?ncia de interfaces internas e externas bem constru?das para o estudo das redes sociais na internet; ii. descrever implicaturas de polidez (BRONW e LEVINSON, 1987; ESCANDELL-VIDAL, 1995; JARY, 1998) presente nas redes sociais atrav?s de processos inferenciais (GRICE, 1991; LEVINSON, 2000; SPERBER e WILSON, 1995). iii. ilustrar a expressividade dos palavr?es atrav?s de uma perspectiva pragm?tica de ret?rica; e iv. enfatizar seu valor em pesquisas interdisciplinares como, por exemplo, a liga??o entre linguagem e emo??o. Considerando-se a import?ncia apontada por Pinker (2007) e outros de estudar a linguagem como uma janela para a natureza humana, argumenta-se que devido ? localiza??o da linguagem comum e do pensamento consciente ser concentrada no neoc?rtex, tamb?m a polidez lingu?stica, por ser fruto de racionaliza??o (BROWN e LEVINSON, 1987; ESCANDELL-VIDAL, 1995), encontra-se nessa mesma regi?o. Contudo, os palavr?es surgem no sistema l?mbico (PINKER, 2008), assim apresentando liga??o mais direta com emo??es e, consequentemente, maior efetividade na express?o dessas. Dada essa diferen?a e considerando-se o Princ?pio da Conectividade N?o Trivial (COSTA, no prelo), polidez e palavr?es foram tratados como contraponto e abordados, predominantemente, numa perspectiva pragm?tico-inferencial, pois se a carga sem?ntica ? relativamente a mesma, o peso pragm?tico ? vari?vel conforme, por exemplo, as inten??es e a forma. Optou-se por utilizar di?logos retirados de redes sociais na internet, porque eles apresentam a possibilidade de an?lise de um corpus gigantesco, em que as intera??es s?o espont?neas. Corroborou-se que o valor ret?rico da polidez e dos palavr?es est? ligado ao emocional (PINKER, 2008; JAY, 2009).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:38:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 437305.pdf: 426541 bytes, checksum: 64e9c3f6149cf06c3e3dc83ede91bcfa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-03 / Learning a language is not just knowing its vocabulary, grammar and phonology. These are undoubtedly important aspects of language. On the other hand, in order to be able to communicate efficiently the learner also needs to be familiar with the pragmatic aspects of language. Bearing this in mind, we will propose an analysis of two texts (one literary and other political). We will discuss Rhetoric considering it a subarea of Pragmatics and analyze its theoretical issues and application. Afterwards we will compare it to Speech Act and Conversational Implicature theories. The aim of this research is, then, to compare both theories and check if it is possible to work with both in the same analysis as complementary tools to promote a more complete analysis of texts and speeches. With the final considerations we intend to suggest for English as Additional Language (EAL) teaching, as well as for first language teaching, strategies aspiring to promote pragmatic awareness raising skills among students, being included the rhetorical awareness. / Aprender uma l?ngua n?o ? somente conhecer seu vocabul?rio, gram?tica e fonologia. Estes s?o, sem d?vida, aspectos importantes da l?ngua. Por outro lado, para se tornar apto a comunicar-se eficientemente, o aprendiz tamb?m necessita estar familiarizado com os aspectos pragm?ticos da l?ngua. A fim de demonstrarmos isto, faremos uma an?lise de dois textos (um liter?rio e outro pol?tico). A Ret?rica ser? discutida como sendo uma sub?rea da Pragm?tica, e analisando suas quest?es te?ricas e aplica??o. Posteriormente, ser? feita uma compara??o da Ret?rica com as teorias de Atos de Fala e Implicaturas Conversacionais. O objetivo desta pesquisa ?, ent?o, comparar ambas as teorias e verificar se ? poss?vel trabalhar com ambas na mesma an?lise como ferramentas complementares para promover uma an?lise mais completa de textos e discursos. Com as considera??es finais, pretende-se sugerir para professores de ILA, assim como para ensino de l?ngua materna, estrat?gias que visam promover a tomada de consci?ncia pragm?tica nos estudantes, nisto estando inclu?da a consci?ncia ret?rica.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:35:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RodsonRSN.pdf: 2125131 bytes, checksum: 4d90d46d526b14e73cc91b2353aaa938 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-17 / This work aims to analyze the relationship among culture, education and rhetoric on the sermons of the Priest Antonio Vieira (1608-1697). It discusses the presence of oratory on the Western teaching since its Greek origins until the formation of the Ratio Studiorum in 17th-century. Brazilian society is defined as baroque and the rhetoric arises as element essential in the elaboration of the social imaginary speeches and, occupying as an essencial element in the elaboration of discursese and social imaginaries, occupying the centre of controversies, about questions like reason and the faith, ethics and the politics, the nature of the Indian and African peoples, even over the own construction of the modern subject. In this context the vieira?s preaching discharges the functions of kerigma (preaching), didach? (education) and politics (action). The research consisted in a finicky reading over five of these sermons that were returned in the presence of different audiences. The pulpit was the cathedra where Vieira used his sermons as a manner of social mobilization that aimed not only teaching a determined knowledge of reality, but altering cruel situations like Indian and poor people slavery in his epoch. Education by Vieira consist in a tension between utopian hopes and urgencies of practice. The rhetorical tradition affirms the interdependence of technical ethics and politics aspects. To know is not enough is necessary to convince and to move, realizating passage from theorical to practical liverly. It presupposes still the preoccupation with the solidity of argumentation and of reasoning, a wide cultural formation, the requirement of a civic ethics and, mainly, the adequacy between content and the specifics of audience / Este trabalho objetiva analisar a rela??o entre cultura, educa??o e ret?rica nos serm?es do Padre Antonio Vieira (1608-1697). Discute-se a presen?a da orat?ria no ensino ocidental das suas origens gregas a forma??o do Ratio Studiorum no s?culo XVII. A sociedade brasileira ? definida como barroca e a ret?rica surge como elemento essencial na elabora??o dos discursos e imagin?rios sociais, ocupando o centro das pol?micas sobre quest?es como a raz?o e a f?, a ?tica e a pol?tica, a natureza dos povos ind?genas e africanos, e mesmo sobre a pr?pria constru??o do sujeito moderno. Nesse contexto a prega??o vieirense desempenha as fun??es de kerigma (prega??o), didach? (ensino) e pol?tica (a??o). A pesquisa constituiu-se da leitura minuciosa de cinco desses serm?es, proferidos perante diferentes audit?rios. O p?lpito era a c?tedra onde Vieira usara dos seus serm?es como forma de mobiliza??o social, que buscava n?o apenas ensinar um determinado conhecimento da realidade, mas alterar situa??es cru?is como a da escravid?o dos ?ndios e pobres em sua ?poca. A educa??o em Vieira consiste numa tens?o entre as esperan?as ut?picas e as urg?ncias da pr?tica. A tradi??o ret?rica afirma a interdepend?ncia dos aspectos t?cnicos, ?ticos e pol?ticos. N?o basta saber ? preciso convencer e mover, realizando a passagem do te?rico ao pr?tico vivencial. Pressup?e ainda a preocupa??o com a solidez da argumenta??o e do racioc?nio, uma forma??o cultural ampla, a exig?ncia de uma ?tica c?vica e, principalmente, a adequa??o entre o conte?do ?s especificidades do audit?rio

O medo e a ansiedade são emoções que apresentam claro valor adaptativo, e que tem suas origens nas reações de defesa que os animais exibem em resposta a situações de ameaça que podem comprometer sua integridade física ou sobrevivência. Recentes estudos têm indicado que a matéria cinzenta periaquedutal dorsal (MCPD) está envolvida na organização e expressão de comportamentos intempestivos do tipo fuga e luta, os quais são relacionados ao estado de medo, e também participa, juntamente com estruturas prosencefálicas (ex. córtex pré-frontal, sistema septo-hipocampal e amígdala), do controle de comportamentos defensivos mais elaborados e orientados relacionados à ansiedade. O presente estudo investigou a participação da MCPD na modulação de diferentes comportamentos defensivos (p. ex. fuga, esquiva e avaliação de risco) induzidos por métodos artificial (estimulação química) e naturalístico (exposição ao predador) em camundongos. Na primeira etapa, investigamos o padrão de resposta comportamental induzida pela infusão do ácido D,L-homocistéico (DLH, estímulo aversivo químico) na MCPD em diferentes situações ou ambientes, com e sem grande disponibilidade de espaço - o Mouse Defense Test Battery (MDTB) e a Arena (Experimento 1), respectivamente. Além disso, o presente estudo avaliou a habilidade dos animais de reagirem a estímulos aversivos (predador) durante o período inicial (nos 60 s iniciais) do efeito do ácido DLH (fuga explosiva) (Experimento 3), e imediatamente após esse período, no qual o animal apresente comportamento de congelamento ou imobilidade (Experimento 2). Nossos resultados indicaram que a fuga desencadeada pela estimulação química é a resposta predominante de camundongos e que sua exibição depende da disponibilidade de espaço, uma vez que a maioria dos saltos observados na arena está intimamente relacionada ao contato tátil do animal com as paredes do aparato. Esse perfil de respostas de fuga explosiva e saltos parece não representar o padrão comportamental defensivo natural, tal como acontece diante de uma ameaça proximal (ex. um predador), uma vez que durante a estimulação química os camundongos apresentaram um déficit na estratégia antipredador. A segunda etapa do estudo avaliou os efeitos da injeção intra-MCPD do agonista glutamatérgico ácido N-metil-D-aspártico (NMDA), do inibidor da enzima de síntese do óxido nítrico neuronial (NOSn), N?-propil-L-arginina (NPLA) (Experimento 4), e do agonista não seletivo de receptores do fator de liberação de corticotrofina (CRF), CRF ovino (oCRF) (Experimento 5), no comportamento defensivo de camundongos submetidos ao MDTB e ao teste de exposição ao rato (Rat Exposure Test; RET). Os resultados da segunda etapa demonstraram que a ativação de receptores NMDA na MCPD de camundongos intensifica comportamentos relacionados à esquiva do predador. De maneira interessante, essas alterações produzidas pelo NMDA foram consistentemente revertidas pelo inibidor da NOSn, previamente microinjetado no mesmo sítio. Além disso, efeitos intrínsecos do NPLA atenuaram as respostas de esquiva e de avaliação de risco em camundongos submetidos ao RET. Por fim, os resultados da segunda etapa também apontaram para um efeito proaversivo (nas respostas de salto e de esquiva) do agonista de receptores CRF, indicando uma participação dos sistemas glutamatérgico, nitrérgico e CRFérgico, localizados na MCPD, na modulação de diferentes estratégias defensivas (ex. esquiva, avaliação de risco e saltos) de camundongos submetidos ao confronto com o predador. Em conjunto, nossos resultados corroboram a hipótese de que a MPCD está envolvida tanto na organização e expressão de comportamentos intempestivos do tipo fuga e luta como também no controle de comportamentos defensivos mais elaborados e orientados, tais como a avaliação de risco e a esquiva. / The midbrain dorsal periaqueductal grey (DPAG) is part of the brain defensive system involved in active defense reactions to threatening stimuli. Many lines of evidence suggest that besides fundamentally controlling fear-like responses (fight and flight) the DPAG also controls responses related to anxiety, such as avoidance and risk assessment. This study investigated the role of DPAG on different defensive strategies (i.e. flight, avoidance and risk assessment) elicited by artificial (chemical stimulation, Experiments 1-3) and naturalistic (exposure to predator, Experiments 4 and 5) paradigms in mice. Firstly, D,L-Homocysteic acid (DLH) was infused into the DPAG and behavioral responses of mice were evaluated in two different situations, a rectangular novel chamber and a large oval runway, the Mouse Defense Test Battery (MDTB) apparatus (Exp. 1). We also investigated the ability of mice to react to a threatening stimulus (ex. a predator) during (Exp. 3) and immediately after (Exp. 2) the hyperactive responses (ex. jumping and running) induced by DLH injection. Our results indicated that running as opposed to jumping is the primary response in mice injected with DLH into the DPAG when the environment enables flight. However, mice did not react the predator during the flight reaction induced by chemical stimulation, suggesting the behavioral profile induced by DLH infusion into the DPAG is not related to a normal antipredator flight. In the Experiments 4 and 5, we evaluated the effects of three different compounds, N-methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA), a NMDA receptor agonist, N?-propyl-L-arginine (NPLA), an neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor as well as ovine CRF (oCRF), a nonspecific corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor agonist, injected into the DPAG of mice, in two predator-stress situations, the Mouse Defense Test Battery (MDTB), and the Rat Exposure Test (RET). Firstly, our results demonstrated that NMDA receptor activation into the mouse DPAG enhances antipredator reactivity (avoidance), an effect that was attenuated by prior infusion of NPLA into the same site. Moreover, the results from the Experiment 4 indicated that the NPLA treatment per se induces consistent anti-aversive effects on defensive behaviors (avoidance and risk assessment) of mice confronted by predator. Finally, our results pointed out a proaversive effect (e.g. increased jump escapes and avoidance behaviors) following intra-DPAG infusion of oCRF, suggesting an important role of glutamatergic, nitrergic and CRFergic systems into the DPAG on the defensive behaviors (risk assessment, avoidance and jumps) elicited by the confront to the predator. Taken together, present results are compatible with previous studies which have emphasized the role of the periaqueductal gray in the modulation of behavioral responses related to anxiety such as risk assessment and avoidance besides fundamentally controlling fear-like responses.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-07-26T12:33:31Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) TESE FINAL VERSÃO DIGITAL.pdf: 2991037 bytes, checksum: 00249eadc392a2dc3953b56297a2e540 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-26T12:33:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) TESE FINAL VERSÃO DIGITAL.pdf: 2991037 bytes, checksum: 00249eadc392a2dc3953b56297a2e540 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-10 / CAPES / O objetivo fundamental desse estudo é examinar e compreender a dinâmica e a configuração da imigração contemporânea para o Brasil, com destaquenum fluxo migratório muito peculiar: a migração dos africanos em razão dos estudos. Estes chegam ao país, oriundos da “África Lusófona” no âmbito do Programa Estudante Convênio de Graduação, eacabam não voltando mais aos países de origem. Esses egressos constituem um contingente crescente de imigrantes no Brasile, porserem sujeitos por vezes esquecidos, nãotem sido matériade uma análise etnográfica profunda. Realiza-se, inicialmente, uma análise dacomplexa realidade histórica, política e ideológica vivenciada pelo continente africano nos anos que antecedem e sucedemas primeiras independências políticas na década de 1960. Interessa-se, sobretudo evidenciar os impactos da guerra fria, considerando-a como um dos suportes exógenos para emergência dos nacionalismos africanos e como um grande evento cujo desdobramento contribuiu na promoção dos primeiros fluxos migratórios com fins de estudos na “África Lusófona”. Destacam-se os fatores que contribuíram na fragilidade do Estado e precarização das instituições de ensino em toda a África, articulando estes casos aos fluxos da migração internacional com fins de estudonaperspectiva de aprofundar a compreensão sobre a evolução das relações entre o Brasil e a África na área da educação, levando em conta diversos contextos ligados às dinâmicas geopolíticas internacionais. A partir do enfoque teórico da migração e da Antropologia articulados aos relatos empíricos, busca-se entender a complexidade da decisãode ficar, e não voltarao país de origem, considerando as implicações demanter-se com os projetos nacionais dos seus países e com os laços estabelecidos nos lugares em que fixam residências. Conclui-se apresentando ponderações sobre o atual panorama migratório internacional sinalizando o seu estado caótico, intenso, complexo e diversificado, prevendo as implicações culturais que dele decorrerão, bem como o papel que uma antropologia pedagógica poderá desempenhar perante a irreversível situação de lidar com o “outro” diferente. / The fundamental aim of this study is to examine and understand the dynamics and configuration of contemporary immigration to Brazil, highlighting a very peculiar migration: the migration of African due to studies. They arrive in the country from the "Lusophone Africa" under the Undergraduate Student Program Agreement (Programa Estudante Convênio de Graduação), they end up not returning to their origin countries. These graduates represent a growing contingent of immigrants in Brazil, sometimes forgotten, not being such subject matter of a deep ethnographic analysis. It carries out initially an analysis of historical reality, political and complex ideology, experienced by the African continent just before and after the first political independence in the 1960s. It interests above all, to highlight the impact of the cold war, considering it as one of the exogenous holders for the emergence of African nationalism and, as a great event, which unfolding contributed to the promotion of the first migratory flows with the purpose of studies in the "Lusophone Africa". Noteworthy are the factors that contributed to the state fragility and precariousness of educational institutions across Africa, linking these cases to the flow of international migration with the purpose of study, seeking essentially deepen the understanding of the development of relations between Brazil and Africa in education area, taking into account different contexts linked to international geopolitical dynamics. From the theoretical approach of migration and Anthropology articulated the empirical reports, it seeks to understand the complexity of the decision to stay and not to return, considering the implications of staying with the national projects of their countries and links established in places where they reside. It concludes presenting the reflections on the current international migration outlook, signaling its chaotic state, intense, complex and diversified, predicting the cultural implications that flow from it, as well as, the role that a pedagogical anthropology can play towards the irreversible situation to deal with “another” different.

Vandetanib, lenvatinib and cabozantinib are inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases approved to treat locally advanced or metastatic thyroid gland, kidney and liver cancers. These multi- kinase inhibitors, inhibit phosphorylation of tyrosine moieties of protein, thus modulate cell signalization in cancer cells. Metabolites of vandetanib, lenvatinib and cabozantinib were detected in vitro as well as in vivo in blood and urine. Cytochromes P450 and flavin monooxygenases were identified as primary enzymes participating in metabolism of these drugs. Literature lacks information regarding pharmacological efficacy of vandetanib, lenvatinib and cabozantinib metabolites. The aim of this diploma thesis was the investigation of pharmacological efficacy of N-oxides of vandetanib, lenvatinib and cabozantinib. The viability measurement under normoxic and hypoxic conditions was employed to determined their efficacy. The expression of enzymes of the first phase of xenobiotics metabolism (CYP 450 1A1, 1B1, 3A4 a CYP 450 oxidoreductase) and receptor tyrosine kinases RET and VEGFR2, as well as mechanism of changes in their expression were investigated using western blotting and flow cytometry. High performance liquid chromatography was utilised to investigate possible metabolism of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and...

Companies are increasingly motivated to deal with the issue of sustainability not just from a moral standpoint, but also because these issues may be a major root of innovation. To achieve these sustainable innovations, the number of manufacturers who invest in specific resources has been increasing. Supplier contributions to manufacturing company sustainable innovations are influenced by particular investments and specially the human capital investments, which emphasizes the supplier's role in supporting the producer with sustainable innovations. The precise investments might help suppliers contribute to sustainable innovation. However, if a company invests too much in certain resources, such as human capital, the beneficial impacts of such investments may diminish, and the supplier's participation in sustainable innovation may be hampered. Various internal contingency variables can moderate the relationship between the specific investments and sustainable innovation contribution of suppliers. Thus, this study aims at this research gap. This research aimed to study the relationship between human capital specific investments and supplier sustainable innovation contribution in developed markets considering the role of learning and absorptive capacity, and market orientation. This research can be considered as the deductive, quantitative and field research in which the researchers collected the primary data by using a structured questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire confirmed through different quantitative and qualitative approaches. The research sample was chosen by using the convenience sampling. In order to respond to the questionnaire surveys, top- and middle-level managers from 355 Swedish corporations in which suppliers have been incorporated in the corporation’s sustainable innovation activities addressed. Finally, A total of 960 questionnaires for 355 companies handed out, and 102 being returned and analysed. The regression curve estimation method revealed that there is a linear relationship between human capital specific investments and supplier sustainable innovation contribution. Besides, through the hierarchical multiple linear regression, the researchers demonstrated that absorptive capacity and market orientation can play the moderating role in this relationship, while the learning capacity can partially play such role in this relationship. Eventually, the theoretical, managerial and sustainability implications discussed and the limitations of the research in addition to the future research possibilities addressed.

Neurturin (NRTN) is a neurotrophic factor required during development for normal cholinergic innervation of the heart, but whether NRTN continues to function in the adult heart is unknown. We have therefore evaluated NRTN expression in adult mouse heart and the association of NRTN receptors with intracardiac cholinergic neurons and nerve fibers. Mapping the regional distribution and density of cholinergic nerves in mouse heart was an integral part of this goal. Analysis of RNA from adult C57BL/6 mouse hearts demonstrated NRTN expression in atrial and ventricular tissue. Virtually all neurons in the cardiac parasympathetic ganglia exhibited the cholinergic phenotype, and over 90% of these cells contained both components of the NRTN receptor, Ret tyrosine kinase and GDNF family receptor α2 (GFRα2). Cholinergic nerve fibers, identified by labeling for the high affinity choline transporter, were abundant in the sinus and atrioventricular nodes, ventricular conducting system, interatrial septum, and much of the right atrium, but less abundant in the left atrium. The right ventricular myocardium contained a low density of cholinergic nerves, which were sparse in other regions of the working ventricular myocardium. Some cholinergic nerves were also associated with coronary vessels. GFRα2 was present in most cholinergic nerve fibers and in Schwann cells and their processes throughout the heart. Some cholinergic nerve fibers, such as those in the sinus node, also exhibited Ret immunoreactivity. These findings provide the first detailed mapping of cholinergic nerves in mouse heart and suggest that the neurotrophic influence of NRTN on cardiac cholinergic innervation continues in mature animals.