Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University. / Subtitle of caption title on p. iv.: A comprehensive trust model based on the TRA/TPB. Includes bibliographical references.

A sociedade contemporânea parece haver se adaptado, com relativa parcimônia, às mudanças nas suas relações cotidianas e, assim sendo, assimilado, sem resistências, que necessita conviver com os novos fenômenos impostos por essas transformações que acabam exigindo de todo o tecido social, inclusive do Estado, o respeito a direitos e garantias fundamentais positivados na Constituição Federal. A proteção à intimidade, consagrado pelo art. 5, X, da Carta Magna de 1988, é uma dessas garantias que parece haver conquistado a unanimidade. O direito de estar só, de ter respeitada a sua privacidade, seus bens imateriais como a dignidade, a honra e a personalidade acabaram por se tornar condição sine qua non para o indivíduo manter uma relativa harmonia no convívio social. Ocorre que outras disposições normativas também são consideradas imperativas para a configuração do Estado democrático de Direito, entre elas, a garantia da publicidade, que impõe transparência na realização dos atos dos Poderes constituídos da República, entre os quais se inclui o Judiciário também quando da prestação jurisdicional. No entanto, essa garantia constitucional prevista no art. 93, IX, da CF/88 recebe críticas por parte da doutrina, sob o espeque de que apesar do texto constitucional tratar da publicidade dos atos judiciais como regra, também diz, de maneira ambígua, que esses mesmos atos podem ser praticados a portas fechadas, ou seja, de maneira sigilosa, limitando seu conhecimento às partes envolvidas e seus advogados. Assim, constata-se uma aparente colisão entre princípios, ou seja, qual dos princípios deve prevalecer verificando-se o caso concreto: O que trata do resguardo da intimidade dos indivíduos ou o que impõe publicidade a todos os atos processuais, em consonância com o interesse público? Portanto, é esse intrincado questionamento que se procura esclarecer no presente trabalho, concluindo-se ao final que, verificando-se situações de colidência entre princípios, deve o intérprete valer-se dos juízos de ponderação e razoabilidade com vistas à solução pelo afastamento de um deles

O estudo explora a questão de como o Direito do Trabalho brasileiro protege a informação pessoal do empregado perante o empregador e se essa proteção considera deliberadamente os riscos subjacentes ao uso da informação em ambiente de crescente processamento automático. No Capítulo I, apresenta-se no contexto internacional o problema da obtenção e do uso pelo empregador da informação relativa ao empregado em um ambiente de crescente automatização e justifica-se a necessidade de sua abordagem no Direito brasileiro. No Capítulo II é examinado o arcabouço da proteção de dados pessoais do empregado nas normas internacionais. No Capítulo III, buscam-se os fundamentos do conceito de dados pessoais no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, principalmente na órbita constitucional, sob a fórmula do direito à autodeterminação informativa. O Capítulo IV traça um quadro geral da proteção da informação relativa ao empregado no Direito do Trabalho brasileiro, considerando os limites à obtenção e ao uso da informação pessoal, os deveres do empregador como responsável pelo acervo de informações pessoais que mantém e os direitos diretamente relacionados à autodeterminação informativa. O Capítulo V investiga as potencialidades do quadro normativo brasileiro atual para oferecer uma proteção ao empregado que se aproxime das finalidades almejadas nas normas internacionais setoriais. / The study is concerned with the question of how the Brazilian Labor Law protects the employees personal information from collection and use by the employer and whether it considers the threats to the employee that arise from increasing automatic processing. Chapter I presents, in the international context, the problem of the employers collecting and using the employees personal information in a world of increasing automation and justifies the need for its approach in the Brazilian Law. Chapter II presents the employees data protection framework proposed in international agreements. Chapter III discusses the fundaments of the concept of personal data and its formulation as informational self-determination in the Brazilian Law and in the Brazilian Constitution. Chapter IV offers a general picture of the protection of the employees information in the Brazilian Labor Law, considering the limits to its collection and use, the obligations of the employer as responsible for the retrieval of the stored data, and the employee`s rights regarding informational self- determination. Chapter V investigates the possibilities of the present Brazilian Legal framework in offering protection to the employee on the same basis as proposed in sectorial international agreements.

Orientadores: Maria Beatriz Felgar de Toledo, Miriam Akemi Manabe Capretz / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T23:55:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garcia_DiegoZuquimGuimaraes_D.pdf: 948717 bytes, checksum: 8f672e7f086058d406d920d0a0f663d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A privacidade pode ser definida como o direito de um indivíduo de ter informações sobre ele acessadas e usadas em conformidade com aquilo que ele considera aceitável. A preservação da privacidade é um problema em aberto na Arquitetura Orientada a Serviços (AOS). Uma solução para esse problema deve incluir características que apoiem a preservação da privacidade em cada área da AOS. Esta tese foca as áreas da descrição e descoberta de serviços. Os problemas nessas áreas são que não é possível descrever como um provedor de serviços usa as informações recebidas de um consumidor de serviços e descobrir serviços que satisfaçam as preferências de um consumidor. Diversos trabalhos de pesquisa têm sido realizados nessas áreas, mas ainda não existe um framework que ofereça uma solução que apoie uma rica descrição das políticas de privacidade e a sua integração no processo de descoberta de serviços. Consequentemente, o principal objetivo desta tese é propor um framework de preservação de privacidade para as áreas de descrição e descoberta de serviços na AOS. O framework aprimora a descrição e descoberta de serviços com a especificação e interseção das políticas de privacidade usando uma ontologia base de privacidade e ontologias de privacidade de domínios específicos. Além disso, o framework melhora essas áreas com uma extensão da AOS tradicional, a qual inclui dois novos papéis responsáveis por implementar um repositório de políticas de privacidade e intermediar as interações entre os consumidores e provedores e o componente de preservação de privacidade. A infra-estrutura proposta pelo framework foi implementada e avaliada através de um cenário no domínio da saúde, uma vez que a preservação da privacidade é uma questão importante nesse domínio / Abstract: Privacy can be defined as the right of an individual to have information about them accessed and used in conformity with what they consider acceptable. Privacy preservation in Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is an open problem. A solution for this problem must include features that support privacy preservation in each area of SOA. This thesis focuses on the areas of service description and discovery. The problems in these areas are that currently it is not possible to describe how a service provider deals with information received from a service consumer as well as discover a service that satisfies the privacy preferences of a consumer. Research has been carried out in these areas, but there is currently no framework which offers a solution that supports a rich description of privacy policies and their integration in the process of service discovery. Thus, the main goal of this thesis is to propose a privacy preservation framework for the areas of service description and discovery in SOA. The framework enhances service description and discovery with the specification and intersection of privacy policies using a base and domain-specific privacy ontologies. Moreover, the framework enhances these areas with an extension to basic SOA that includes roles responsible for implementing a privacy registry as well as mediating the interactions between service consumers and providers and the privacy preservation component. The framework is evaluated through a health care scenario as privacy preservation is an important issue in this domain / Doutorado / Ciência da Computação / Doutor em Ciência da Computação

"The insurance industry was among the first to understand clearly the serious nature of the epidemic, as the HIV/AIDS epidemic disintegrates and destabilizes slowly the traditional extended African family system. The extended family, which traditionally constitutes a social safety net in African communities, is not able to cope with the sudden burden of HIV/AIDS orphans, since the age group 20-44 is the most hit by the epidemic. A study commissioned by the Henry Kaiser Family Foundation showed that, by the year 2005, HIV/AIDS is expected to make around one million children under the age of 15 orphans in South Africa. Besides, stigma and secrecy around the disease expose HIV/AIDS orphans to discrimination in their community and even in their extended family. As a result, a large number of HIV/AIDS orphans are abandoned and forced to seek help in the streets, begging for money, a situation that exposes them to abuse and criminality. Since 1988, most insurance companies in South Africa have had a policy of compulsory HIV testing which excludes HIV positive candidates from their scheme. The reason put forward is that they represent an 'unacceptable risk'. According to the National Association of People Living with HIV/AIDS (NAPWA), this is a widespread problem in South Africa. The impact of discrimination in getting life insurance is catastrophic on the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS and their families. As was noted by the Supreme Court of Canada in the case of Zurich Insurance Company v Ontario, there is a fundamental tension between human rights law and insurance practice. Insurance practices, particularly, impedes on equality and privacy rights of HIV positive persons. ... Therefore, at the root of the debate on HIV/AIDS and insurance is the question on how to strike a balance between the need to ensure that insurance companies extend their coverage without being financially endangered and the human and constitutional rights of HIV positive persons. ... The study is divided into five chapters. Chapter one is the introductory chapter. Chapter two examines the principles of insurance as well as the characteristics of HIV/AIDS. It aims at understanding the arguments in favour of HIV testing and exclusion of persons living with HIV/AIDS from life insurance schemes. Chapter three analyses the problem from the perspective of persons infected with HIV. It investigates the impact of the refusal to grant them life insurance because of their HIV status. This chapter shows how the insurance business infringes the rights of HIV positive persons ot non0discriminatory treatment. Chapter four looks at the position of foreign jurisdictions in the conflict of interests and analyses how they have dealt with the human rights implications of insurance companies policy towards the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Chapter five is the concluding chapter, which puts forward redommendations." -- Introduction. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2003. / Prepared under the supervision of Adv. Annelize Nienaber at the Centre for Human Rights, Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

Surveillance of Persons and Items; Use of the Institute in Practise and its Constitutional Limits Abstract This diploma thesis primarily aims to analyze in detail legislation concerning the surveillance of persons and items in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Czech Republic. In order to present a comprehensive analysis, the thesis firstly defines the concept of Operative- Search Means and the basic conditions for their use. Subsequently, the author assesses particular aspects of the provision § 158d of the Criminal Procedure Code. The main focus is dedicated to the issue of interpretation of certain procedural norms, such as those concerning surveillance of communications between the defendant and their attorney, the covert surveillance in closed spaces, as well as those related to the highly debated issue of admissibility of surveillance records obtained in another criminal proceedings. With regard to all of these subtopics, the author presents the most prominent discourses of criminal procedural theory and practice. At the same time, the author presents her own suggestions as to how to deal with the issues at hand. The main thesis of the paper concerns the subsequent statement that the provision of § 158d of the Criminal Procedural Code regulating the surveillance of persons and items is in fact a...

Thesis title The right to be forgotten in the context of a modern concept of personal data protection in the EU and the USA Abstract The main topic of the thesis is the analysis of the right to be forgotten and its place in today's digital world and information society. In particular, the author discusses a different approach to the protection of personal data in Europe and in the United States of America within the context of the conflict between right to privacy and freedom of expression and right to free access to information. The author describes different conceptions of significance of these rights and different value ladder in connection in their mutual assessment. Based on outlining the different approaches to aforementioned rights, the author examines the inclusion of the right to be forgotten within the two legal cultures and consequently examines different forms of the right to be forgotten. Such forms are introduced in the context of privacy rights in the European union and presented in the was, how the legislation has been developing as the privacy laws evolved. Author closely examines the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union which is focused on right to be forgotten. Attention is also paid to the practical implementation of the right to be forgotten in accordance with the...

This dissertation explores applicant reactions to Internet-based selection procedures in order to advance theory and practice related to the use modern employee selection tools. Previous authors have explored this topic area (e.g., Harris et al., 2003). However, this dissertation goes beyond previous research by proposing and testing a model that incorporates the measurement of multiple constructs that are highly relevant to organizations when utilizing Internet-based selection procedures. Such constructs include privacy concerns, explanations, control, fairness perceptions, litigation intentions, organizational intentions, and test-taking motivation. Current organizational justice theory, previous findings from studies on applicant reactions to selection procedures, and research on Internet privacy concerns provided the foundation on which this research is based. This dissertation also pulls from theory in the legal, information sciences, and psychology literatures. A model of applicant reactions that included privacy concerns and multiple outcomes relevant to organizations was proposed. Hypotheses examining this model were tested via a high-fidelity laboratory study with student participants. One-third of the participants in this study were seeking jobs at the time of participation. Findings indicated that privacy concerns are an important predictor of both proximal (i.e., fairness perceptions) and distal (i.e., organizational intentions, test-taking motivation) applicant reaction outcomes. Results also demonstrated support for a mediating role of fairness perceptions in the relationships between privacy concerns and organizational intentions as well as between privacy concerns and test-taking motivation. Providing applicants with control and explanations were found to have no moderating effect on the relationship between privacy concerns and fairness perceptions. However, post-hoc analyses indicated that excuse explanations moderated the effect of privacy concerns on test-taking motivation. Theoretical implications of this dissertation include support for a one-factor model of organizational justice as well as a call for more integration of research from outside of industrial-organizational psychology. Additionally, areas for future research, including opportunities for improvement of study design involving timing of measures, are presented. Finally, implications for practice are discussed in regard to the possible impact of privacy concerns to large numbers of applicants participating in Internet-based selection processes, including a discussion on the importance of applicant privacy concerns to organizations and the use of multiple, inexpensive methods that may aid organizations in increasing fairness perceptions among applicants.

The right to be let alone has been developing throughout history to offset the seemingly relentless encroachments by government in efforts to regulate "morality," and by governmental and/or business uses of technological advancements to control the individuals privacy. Thus, the espoused constitutional right of privacy has come to be the way for individuals (and groups) to stave off society's attempts to control or divert the individual from his right to be let alone. This work examines both state and federal court cases in an attempt to show that privacy has come to be a basic, constitutional right to be used against society's intrusions in areas of personal and sexual privacy.

[pt] O direito ao esquecimento não é algo que surge com o advento da internet. No entanto, o crescente número de usuários que acessam a rede, além do desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias, potencializaram a disseminação do seu conceito. Alguns fatos chamaram a atenção para este tema, especialmente a nova regulamentação de proteção de dados pessoais da União Europeia, e o caso do Google Spain e Inc. vs. AEPD e Mario Costeja González, julgado pelo Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia (TJUE). Diante das diversas controvérsias que surgem com o tema, principalmente a partir da decisão do TJUE, o presente trabalho enfrentará os desafios do direito ao esquecimento, desde a origem do seu conceito até a sua aplicação no contexto da internet, problematizando o que de fato é este direito, os fundamentos que os justificam e as obrigações que dele decorrem. A seguir, vão ser analisados casos sobre o direito ao esquecimento que foram julgados na Argentina, Colômbia e Peru, tendo como intuito identificar como que a questão está sendo apreciada no âmbito da América Latina. Serão investigadas as jurisprudências do STJ e de seis Tribunais de Justiça Estaduais (TJRJ, TJSP, TJDFT, TJPR, TJPB, TJAM) sobre o assunto, além dos projetos de lei nacionais que tentam regulamentar o direito ao esquecimento, para que se possa colocar em perspectiva o atual cenário brasileiro sobre o tema. Ao final, será explorada a seguinte hipótese: será que é necessário invocar a existência de um direito ao esquecimento no Brasil, ou é possível tutelar as pretensões que se utilizam de tal rótulo com direitos já previstos pelo ordenamento jurídico? / [en] The right to be forgotten is not a right that arises with the advent of the Internet. Nonetheless, the increasing number of users that accesses the net and the development of new technologies leveraged the dissemination of its concept. A number of events increased the awareness of this topic, such as the recent reform of the General Data Protection Regulation of the European Union, and the Google Spain and Inc. vs. AEPD and Mario Costeja González case, appreciated by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). Regarding the controversies that arises with this theme, especially with the CJEU decision, the present work has the objective of discussing the challenges of the right to be forgotten. It will explore the origin of its concept until its application to the Internet context, questioning what in fact is such right, the legal basis that such right is justified and the obligations arising therefrom. Furthermore, cases of the right to be forgotten that were judged in Argentina, Colombia and Peru will be analyzed in order to identify how such right is being appreciated within Latin America. Following this, the jurisprudence of the present subject of the STJ and six State Justice Courts (TJRJ, TJSP, TJDFT, TJPR, TJPB, TJAM) are to be discussed. Moreover, in order to better understand the Brazilian perspective, the national legislation drafts that aim to regulate the right to be forgotten will also be reviewed. Finally, we are going to stress the following hypothesis: is it necessary to invoke the existence of the right to be forgotten in Brazil or is it possible to guarantee protection of claims that use such designation with rights that are already foreseen in the local legal system?