Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:18:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_jose_antonio.pdf: 4439897 bytes, checksum: 66bfb6a2f3d2b1cf2788e2742eac35f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-23 / The present dissertation is a study of the legal fundaments and the right to health considering the Brazilian Constitutional law, Brazilian Civil Procedure and Critical Discourse Analysis. The general objective consists in investigating the intentions of two judges in the text of their judicial orders and decisions about the same issue in different cases in a period of approximately 48 hours between them. We also analyzed the subjacent ideology in the written words of the judges and the level of subjectivism referring to the different ways they enunciators - utilized the text to the accomplishment of their persuasive arguments considering the existent relation between the text, the co-text and the context. We intended to demonstrate how the enunciative process turns evident the legal fundament establishing between the interlocutors of the linguistic game. The body of the research is constituted of a written judicial order and of two decisions. The methodology adopted considered the dominium of the critical discourse analysis (CDA) with emphasis in the political and ideologic discourse verifying how the linguistics elements conduce to the pretended argumentative orientation in the judicial orders analyzed. The critical discourse analysis makes possible to observe if the decisions were legally fundamented or if there is a deficiency considering the identification of the argumentative operators and of the epistemic models situated in the axis of the subjective idea of who enunciate it. The results found made possible to identify a class of arguments considering the theoretical model developed by Ducrot based in the verbal choices of the judges that turns evident their compromise and the level of intention of each judge / A presente dissertação situa-se no âmbito do direito processual civil brasileiro, do direito constitucional brasileiro e da análise crítica do discurso, no que se refere aos assuntos fundamentação jurídica e direito à saúde. O objetivo geral consiste em investigar as marcas da intencionalidade na superfície textual de duas decisões interlocutórias prolatadas por dois magistrados distintos sobre o mesmo caso concreto num lapso de tempo de aproximadamente 48 horas entre ambas. Busca-se, ainda, analisar de que forma se opera a ideologia subjacente aos dizeres dos magistrados e o grau de subjetividade referente às diversas maneiras como elesenunciadores utilizam-se do texto escrito para a realização de seus argumentos persuasivos, considerando a relação existente entre o texto, o cotexto e o contexto situacional. O processo enunciativo evidencia a fundamentação jurídica, estabelecendo entre os interlocutores um jogo linguístico. O corpus da pesquisa é constituído de um despacho e duas decisões interlocutórias. A metodologia adotada situa-se no domínio da Análise Crítica do Discurso (ACD), com ênfase nos efeitos ideológicos e políticos do discurso, verificando como os elementos linguísticos apontam a orientação argumentativa pretendida nas decisões interlocutórias. A análise crítica do discurso possibilita observar se as decisões interlocutórias foram juridicamente fundamentadas ou se apresentam deficientes, a partir da identificação dos operadores argumentativos e dos modalizadores epistêmicos, situados no eixo da crença de quem enuncia. Como resultados, foi possível identificar uma classe argumentativa, a partir do modelo teórico desenvolvido por Ducrot, baseada nas escolhas verbais dos magistrados, evidenciando o compromisso e o grau de intencionalidade de cada um

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:18:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 charlston_ricardo_vasconcelos.pdf: 3197157 bytes, checksum: 8614d3c2769b9494d20cbae80033a3e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-10 / The present dissertation hás as object of study the Theory of Possible Reserve as legal strategy of the State to restrict, from the Federal Constitution of Brazil of 1988, the fundamental right to health in the deal taken to the judiciary. The Theory of the Reservation possible, extracted from a decision given of the German Federal Constitutional Court, known as numerus clausus, hás been raised by the State, in Brazil, at the moment when he is added for effect the right to health on behalf of individual, the collective or society. The overall objective of this study is to verify if the fundamentais of this German decision also serve for the Brazilian State support the theory of Possible reservation against the fundamental right to health. As a specific objective, the aim is to identify if the Supreme Federal Court (STF) accepts this theory on this fundamental right as well as what are the requirements, conditions, circumstances and reasons that leading to accept or not this theory. The present work whether justified because, although there are doctrinal studies on the theory of Possible reservation, not found the presence of doctrine which investigate the foundations of German decision are able to impose this theory to the fundamental right to health in Brazil; also not located to investigate the requirements, conditions, circumstances and reasons that lead the STF to admit or not the possible reservation on the fundamental right to health. Another factor that justifies this research is the considerable increase of judicial demands involving this right and this theory against legal insecurity that establishes when the State is called upon to implement this right and he claims that it is bounded by booking possible. It was used as a methodology for this dissertation bibliographic search and Boolean. The bibliographical allowed an analysis of doctrine about human rights; fundamental rights; social rights; existential minimum; no social backlash; public policies; separation of powers; judicialization of public policies; booking possible; public budget and burden of proof. The Boolean search, as base on the search for key expressions in the jurisprudence of the STF, enabled the documentary research of the decisions of the STF and the empirical research, which allowed identified the position of the STF when judges cases involving both the fundamental right to health and the possible reservation. As well as methodology, we used the bardiniana content analysis to analyze the fundamentais of the German decision, as well as to investigate what are the requirements, conditions, circumstances and reasons that led the STF to accept or not the theory of possible Reserve facing the fundamental right to health. As results, the content analysis of the German decision allowed deduce that the fundamentais of this decision not allow that the State maintains the reservation possible as bounding of the right to health, unless adapted to current fundamentais. The empirical research on the position of the STF hás identified that he admits the Possible Reservation if the State proved a fair reason for the delimitation of the fundamental right to health. / A presente dissertação tem como objeto de estudo a Teoria da Reserva do Possível como estratégia jurídica do Estado para restringir, a partir da Constituição Federal do Brasil de 1988, o direito fundamental à saúde nas lides levadas ao Poder Judiciário. A Teoria da Reserva do Possível, extraída de uma decisão proferida pelo Tribunal Constitucional Federal alemão, conhecida como numerus clausus, tem sido suscitada pelo Estado, no Brasil, no momento em que ele é acionado para efetivar o direito à saúde em prol do indivíduo, da coletividade ou da sociedade. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é verificar se os fundamentos dessa decisão alemã também servem para o Estado brasileiro sustentar a Teoria da Reserva do Possível diante do direito fundamental à saúde. Como objetivo específico, busca-se identificar se o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) acolhe essa Teoria diante desse direito fundamental, bem como quais são os requisitos, condições, circunstâncias e fundamentos que o levam a acolher ou não tal Teoria. O presente trabalho se justifica porque, apesar de haver estudos doutrinários sobre a Teoria da Reserva do Possível, não se constatou a presença de doutrina que investigue se os fundamentos da decisão alemã são capazes de impor essa Teoria ao direito fundamental à saúde no Brasil; também não se localizou pesquisa que investigue os requisitos, condições, circunstâncias e fundamentos que levam o STF a admitir ou não a Reserva do Possível diante do direito fundamental à saúde. Outro fator que justifica esta pesquisa é o aumento considerável de demandas judiciais envolvendo esse direito e essa Teoria, ante a insegurança jurídica que se instaura quando o Estado é chamado a efetivar o direito à saúde e ele alega que o mesmo estádelimitado pela Reserva do Possível. Utilizou-se como metodologia para esta dissertação a pesquisa bibliográfica e booleana. A bibliográfica permitiu uma análise da doutrina sobre direitos humanos; direitos fundamentais; direitos sociais; mínimo existencial; não retrocesso social; políticas públicas; separação dos poderes; judicialização das políticas públicas; Reserva do Possível; orçamento público e ónus da prova. A pesquisa booleana, com base na busca de expressões chaves na jurisprudência do STF, possibilitou a pesquisa documental das decisões do STF e a pesquisa empírica, que permitiram identificar a posição do STF quando este julga casos que envolvam simultaneamente o direito fundamental à saúde e a Reserva do Possível. Também como metodologia, utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo bardiniana para analisar os fundamentos da decisão alemã, bem como para apurar quais são os requisitos, condições, circunstâncias e fundamentos que levam o STF a acolher ou não a Teoria da Reserva do Possível frente ao direito fundamental à saúde. Como resultados, a análise de conteúdo da decisão alemã permitiu deduzir que os fundamentos dessa decisão não permitem que o Estado sustente a reserva do possível como delimitadora do direito à saúde, a não ser adaptada aos fundamentos atuais. A pesquisa empírica sobre a posição do STF permitiu identificar que ele admite a Reserva do Possível se o Estado provar um justo motivo para a delimitação do direito fundamental à saúde.

A dignidade humana é diretamente proporcional ao direito à saúde e este princípio está constitucionalmente previsto pelo Estado brasileiro. Alia-se a este direito, o acesso a medicamentos como itens indispensáveis à saúde e que não devem ser negados. Como objetivo do presente estudo, buscou-se caracterizar o perfil das demandas judiciais em Imperatriz-MA, especialmente no tocante ao acesso aos medicamentos e Política de Assistência Farmacêutica, conhecendo para tal, as decisões judiciais datadas no período de janeiro de 2012 a dezembro de 2014, ajuizadas contra a Secretária Municipal de Saúde em Imperatriz-MA, identificando os medicamentos e programas alojados dentro da Política de Assistência Farmacêutica, alvos em maior grau de demandas judiciais e apresentando as principais negativas ao acesso de medicamentos no âmbito da Assistência Farmacêutica. A metodologia utilizada baseia-se em uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, aliadas a um levantamento bibliográfico, abordagem quantitativa e pesquisa documental. Realizou-se um levantamento documental em busca da caracterização de 673 demandas ajuizadas contra o Sistema Único de Saúde de Imperatriz-MA e das caracterizações das demandas ajuizadas por medicamentos, que totalizaram 257 apresentações farmacêuticas. Os resultados demonstraram que sobre os tipos de demandas, aquelas por medicamentos e leitos de Unidades de Terapia Intensiva representaram os principais motivos de tutela judicial. As crianças, adolescentes e idosos, representaram a população mais defendida por meio das demandas e quando o foco passou a ser apenas os medicamentos, foi possível identificar que entre as 257 apresentações identificadas e judicializadas, 102 (39,3%) não estavam inclusas em nenhuma das listas do SUS, 111(43,2%) inclusos na Relação Nacional de Medicamentos e apenas 44 (17,1%) na Relação Municipal de medicamentos. Visualizou-se ainda que o componente da Assistência Farmacêutica que mais sofreu judicializações foi o Básico (60,3%), seguido de 37,8% do Componente Especializado e apenas 1,8% do Estratégico. Notou-se também a tendência de prescrições pelo nome comercial de fármacos, bem como solicitações por medicamentos sem registro sanitário no Brasil, com prescrições equivocadas ou uso off label, cujo não possuem registro no Brasil, ou não têm comercialização autorizada. Conclui-se, que a partir destes conhecimentos, novas estratégias e modelos de gestão, ou novos canais de diálogos que envolvam Poder Público, Judiciário e população, possam ser criados e/ou reformulados, tendo como bases maiores a diminuição das demandas judiciais em Imperatriz-MA, a melhoria das Políticas Públicas de Saúde e a ampliação do direito constitucional ao acesso à saúde e a todos os outros direitos que este vier a incluir. / Human dignity is directly proportional to the right to health and this principle is constitutionally provided by the Brazilian government. Joins this right, access to medicines and items essential to health and should not be denied. The objective of the present study, we sought to characterize the profile of litigation in Imperatriz-MA, especially regarding access to medicines and Pharmaceutical Care Policy, meeting for such judgments dated from January 2012 to December 2014, filed against the Municipal Health Secretary in Imperatriz-MA, identifying drugs and programs housed within the Pharmaceutical Care Policy, targets a greater degree of process and presenting the main negative to access medicines under the Pharmaceutical Services. The methodology is based on an exploratory and descriptive research, combined with a literature review, quantitative approach and documentary research. We conducted a documentary survey seeking the characterization of 673 lawsuits filed against the National Health System Imperatriz-MA and characterizations of claims by drugs, which totaled 257 pharmaceutical presentations. The results showed that on the types of demands, those for medicines and beds Intensive Care Units represented the main reasons of judicial protection. Children, adolescents and the elderly accounted for the population most defended by the demands and when the focus became only medicines, were identified that among the 257 submissions identified and judicialized, 102 (39.3%) were not included in none of the lists of SUS 111 (43.2%) included in the National List of Medicines and only 44 (17.1%) in the Municipal Register of medicines. It is also envisioned that the pharmaceutical services component that suffered most was the judicialization Basic (60.3%), followed by 37.8% of the Specialized Component and only 1.8% of Strategic. It was noted also tend to prescriptions for brand-name drugs, as well as requests for drugs without health registration in Brazil, wrong prescriptions or off label use, which not formally registered in Brazil, or have authorized marketing. It follows that from this knowledge, new strategies and business models, or new channels of dialogue involving government, judiciary and population, can be created and / or reformulated, with the largest bases the reduction of litigation in Imperatriz -MA, improvement of Public Health Policies and expansion of the constitutional right of access to health and all other rights to this were to include.

Thesis (M. Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2013 / Section 27 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 provides that everyone has a right to have access to health care. South Africa embraces the concept of universal health care coverage. Access to health care has four dimensions: geographic accessibility, availability, financial accessibility and acceptability. If there were barriers to access to health care, the stake-holders would be duty-bound to design interventions requisite to address those barriers. The aim of the study was to establish whether health care users enjoy the right to have access to health services at Ratshaatsha Community Health Centre (RCHC). The study used a combination of quantitative and qualitative research designs. While a questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data, focused group discussions and participant observations were employed to collect qualitative data. The following are the main findings of the study. Human rights instruments clearly spell out the indivisible and mutually supportive rights that persons have. There are barriers that often affect the rights to have access to health services at RCHC. For instance, the RCHC is not within a 25 km radius of some of the consumers of health care. The roads that link up the health care users and RCHC are in poor condition. The community is generally poverty-stricken. Many cannot afford, among others, the costs of basic needs, transport fares and opportunity costs. Travelling distance and time, scarce skills and lack of medication and equipment rank among demand-side and supply-side barriers to access to health care. Health care users often choose to consult churches and traditional healers. It is recommended that government should, among others, co-ordinate primary health care services in collaboration with churches and traditional healers; commission research into traditional health medicine and healing procedures and protocols of other health care providers; develop policy on cross-referral of patients; improve community participation; set minimum norms and standards for the delivery of alternative health care services; establish health care management guidelines for churches and traditional healers; integrate health care provisioning into IDPs; and provide health care in an integrated intergovernmental manner.

[pt] O presente trabalho aborda, sob a perspectiva do alargamento da democracia participativa, a atuação da Promotoria de Justiça de Tutela Coletiva da Saúde da Capital do Rio de Janeiro junto ao Conselho Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro. Para isso, dividimos este estudo em três partes. Na primeira, tratamos das premissas fundamentais do nosso objeto, ressaltando a importância do movimento da reforma sanitária na conquista de novos direitos na área da saúde, principalmente, na criação e institucionalização de canais de participação popular. Na segunda, abordamos especificamente o caráter deliberativo do Conselho Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro e analisamos os debates dos conselheiros para verificar em que medida a atuação do Ministério Público é levada em consideração em seus argumentos. Na terceira, examinamos o papel do Ministério Público como instrumento de controle externo e sua importância na viabilização da democracia participativa dos conselhos de saúde. / [en] This thesis analysis, from the perspective of the increasing of popular participation, the work of the Public Attorney encharged of the Public Health care system and the Municipal Health Council in the Rio de Janeiro city. Therefore, we have divided this work in three parts. The first one is about some import preliminary points such as the sanitary reform and the new rights related to public health care. This reform has created important ways of popular participation in the area. In the second part, we analyzed the deliberative aspect of the Municipal Health Council and how the arguments set by the Public Attorney are taken into consideration by said Council. In the final part, we have examined the role of the Public Attorney in the external control and how it can enable popular participation in the Municipal Health Council.

"Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) were born out of the policies of the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). They were introduced 'in the wake of the failure of Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) to reduce the incidence of poverty'. PRSPs have been linked with the IMF and WB Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) debt relief initiative. In order to have access to debt relief, countries have had to draw up PRSPs and start moving towards their effective implementation. PRSPs are now meant to be the national guide informing almost every facet of the human development framework. They are being used as benchmarks for the prioritization of the use of public and external resources for poverty reduction. Further, multilateral as well as bilateral donors and lending institutions are using them as an overarching framework from which policies and actions of developing countries are to be gauged and decisions on further assistance or loans made. In that light, PRSPs have become pivotal to the social fabric of the countries concerned as they affect the daily undertakings of the people through, among other things, their allocative and redistributive roles. ... The PRSPs of Malawi and Uganda are not premised on the human rights based approach to poverty reduction. They largely address issues of economic and social rights from a benefactor and beneficiary perspective rather than from a claim-holder and duty-bearer perspective. Further to that, these policies are largely premised on the requirements of the Bretton Woods Institutions (BWIs) that have received heavy criticism for not factoring in human rights considerations, when implementing their policies towards developing countries. This problem thus calls for a harmonisation of PRSPs with the obligations of the states as well as the BWIs to ensure the full realisation of these rights. ... This study is divided into six chapters. Chapter two is a concise analysis of the PRSP processes in Malawi and Uganda. It addresses issues of participation and national ownership, among others, and locates the role of the BWIs in the process. Chapter 3 is a general overview of the international legal obligations that the two governments have in the area of economic and social rights. Chapter four provides an overview of the scope of the rights to health and housing. Chapter five is a critical analysis of the extent to which the PRSPs of the two countries act as effective tools for advancing the rights to health and housing in the two countries. Chapter six concludes the discussion. It makes necessary recommendations in order to strengthen the human rights based approach to poverty reduction within the framework of the PRSPs, with a view to ensuring the progressive realisation of economic and social rights." -- Introduction. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2004. / Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Baker G. Wairama at the Faculty of Law, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/llm1.html / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

"The Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) case, as a model for Africa, marks a positive step in protecting the right to health, particularly pregnant women and their infants. It provides a rich jurisprudence on protection of the right to health in Africa, and particularly in the context of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The TAC case definitely portrays the strength and role of an independent judiciary in the enforcment of constitutional rights such as socio-economic rights. The competence, legitimacy and power of the courts to pronounce on the constitutional validity of socio-economic rights justifies that it is indeed a model for the enforcemnt of the right to health in Africa. However, the right to health is not justiciable in many African constitutions. It is submitted that failure to address human rights violations, particularly the right to health, fuels the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This calls for government to take measures to protect the rights of persons living with HIV/AIDS, particularly women. The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR), of which most African countries are state parties to, obligates states parties to take necessary measures to give effect to the rights enshrined therein, including socio-economic rights. Socio-economic rights, in most African countries, including particularly Cameroon, are not constitutionally protected as justiciable rights. Thus, the jurisprudence of the TAC case could inspire African countries whose legislation and case law on socio-economic rights are underdeveloped, to make use of the jurisprudence issued by the Court in this field. The TAC case could also be used to persuade national courts to enforce socio-economic rights, given the prevalence of socio-economic rights violations in Africa. Thus, in this regard, it will be argued that governments have a fundamental obligation to ensure that the right to health is respected, protected, promoted and fulfilled as provided in regional and international human rights instruments. ... Chapter 1 of this study highlights the structure of the whole study. Chapter 2 provides an in-depth analysis of the TAC case, the basis of the ratio decidendi of the TAC case. The analysis includes the implications of the TAC case on the SA government. Chapter 3 reviews the application of international and regional human rights instruments protecting the right to health, and how these instruments are interpreted by human rights treaty monitoring bodies and municipal courts to impose on the state the duty to protect the right to health. Section 27 of the Constitution is also lightly considered. The discussion concentrates on the relevance of these norms and jurisprudence to the protection of the right to health in the context of HIV/AIDS in South Africa. The thrust of the theory of separation of powers is extensively discussed on the basis that the right to health encompasses seeking redress whenever it is violated. Thus, the study explores the judicial role in the HIV/AIDS era, to ensure that the right to health is enforced. However, it is noted that judicial independence and the theory of separation of powers, amongst others, may impede the enforcement of the right to health when it is challenged. Chapter 4 evaluates the Cameroon approach to the right to health in the Constitution, and seeks to find answers as to whether the judiciary has capacity and expertise to impose on the government the obligation to respect, protect and fulfill the right to health. Furthermore, the reasons are provided as to why the TAC case serves as a model for Africa. Chapter 5 is a summary of the conclusions drawn from the whole study and makes some recommendations." -- Introduction. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2005. / Prepared under the supervision of Dr. A.N. Atangcho at the Association for the Promotion of Human Rights in Central Africa (APDHAC), Catholic University of Central Africa, Catholic Institute, Yaounde, Cameroon / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

"Although the number of new infections has dramatically decreased during the last ten years, portraying this country [Uganda] as the 'AIDS miracle', the number of people already infected and progressing to AIDS is increasing. Acces to anti-retroviral (ARV) drugs, as well as to medicines for treatment of opportunistic infections (TOI), is essential for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) to enjoy their right to life and health. Although access to these essentail medicines forms part of the core content of the right to health, which states should be able to provide irrespective of their available resources, slightly more than half of the people in need in Uganda were accessing them in June 2005. Of 63,896 PLWHA accessing ARVs, still 83.5 percent are paying the medicines out of their pockets. This is despite the fact that Uganda receives funds from various sources, among which Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GF) and the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). Although the cost of ARV treatment in Uganda has dramatically decreased since 1997, the price of treatment remains still unaffordable for most Ugandans. ... This study comprises five chapters. The present chapter exposes the problem, the objectives of the study and the research questions, reviews the literature available on the subject, outlines the study's structure, proposes a methodology and points out the study's limitations and relevance. Chapter two sets out the international legal framework of the study. It oulines the scope of the right of PLWHA to access to essential treatment under different international instruments of relevance for Uganda and its connection with other human rights. The chapter also assesses the implications of this right for state and non-state actors. Chapter three sets out the national legal, policy and judicial framework. It explores the action taken by the various branches of the government in addressing the international obligations with regard to access essential treatment. This chapter will also look at the role played by other relevant stakeholders in the realisation of this right in Uganda. Chapter four analyses the various obstacles that impede the realisation of this right at national level, taking into account the globalisation process, the political situation of Uganda, as well as other socio-economic factors. Chapter five provides the final conclusions and recommends legal, judicial and administrative channels towards the realisation of the right to access essential treatment for OLWHA in Uganda." -- Introduction. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2005. / [Prepared under the supervision of] Dr. Ben Kiromba Twinomugisha, Makerere University / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

Il y a en France un double mouvement, une tension permanente entre la logique du droit des étrangers et celle des droits de l’homme, qui se cristallise autour de la santé des non-nationaux.La santé est intégrée au sein de la police administrative spéciale afin de protéger la collectivité de risques induits par l’arrivée d’étrangers malades. Mais d’autres enjeux que la préservation de la santé publique sont présents. La santé des étrangers est utilisée comme un moyen de régulation des flux migratoires et de sélection parmi les individus. La mise en œuvre de la politique dite de « l’immigration choisie » est cependant encadrée par les droits fondamentaux reconnus progressivement aux étrangers.La santé est également un droit des étrangers résidant en France, celui d’accéder aux soins nécessaires à leur état. Ce droit est porté par les principes d’égalité et de dignité, mais également dépendant de leur application par les juges. Le principe d’égalité conduit ainsi à une catégorisation du droit d’accès aux soins en fonction de la situation administrative des étrangers. Ce droit connaît en outre des variations importantes et se résume parfois au seul bénéfice de soins vitaux et/ou essentiels. Pour des considérations migratoires mais aussi financières, les juges font le choix de le rattacher au principe de dignité plutôt qu’à un droit, autonome, à la protection de la santé. / In France there is a double movement, a permanent tension between the logic of foreigners' rights and that of human rights, which crystallizes on the health of non-nationals.Health is part of the special administrative police aiming at protecting the community from the risks induced by the arrival of sick foreigners. But there are other challenges besides the preservation of public health. The health of foreigners is used as a means of regulating migration flows and selecting individuals. However, the implementation of the so-called "chosen immigration" policy is governed by the fundamental rights gradually granted to foreigners.Health is also a right of foreigners residing in France to access the care necessary for their condition. This right is supported by the principles of equality and dignity, but also depends on their implementation by judges. The principle of equality thus leads to a categorisation of the right of access to healthcare according to the administrative situation of foreigners. This right also varies considerably and is sometimes limited to the sole benefit of vital and/or essential care. For migration but also financial considerations, judges choose to link it to the principle of dignity rather than to an autonomous right to health protection.

En el presente trabajo de titulación se ha desarrollado un sistema gráfico informativo que incentive la prevención y la importancia de la vacunación contra la COVID-19 en el Perú, los materiales diseñados están dirigidos al usuario primario, los serumistas y a la audiencia que en esta oportunidad es la Comunidad Santa Clara del Ojeal, ubicada en la amazonía del país, la ciudad de Loreto. El trabajo está compuesto por tres partes, en la primera parte se encontrará la información recolectada respecto al sustento teórico relacionado al coronavirus y la vacunación contra la COVID-19 con la finalidad de promover la salud, difundir la información en los códigos visuales pertinentes y crear conciencia para dirigirlos a una toma de decisión consiente.En la segunda parte se detalla el proceso y desarrollo de las piezas gráficas que responden a las necesidades del usuario primario y la audiencia. Finalmente, en la última parte se presenta la validación de las piezas gráficas realizadas con los especialistas de salud y los usuarios. / In the following research paper, we are presenting an informative graphic system that encourages prevention and enhances the importance of Covid 19 vaccination in Peru. The materials that have been designed are oriented to the primary user, the serumist and the main audience, which in this case is the Santa Clara del Ojeal Community, located in the Amazonas region of the country, in the city of Loreto.The following investigation is structured in three parts, the first section will portray the recollected data regarding key information of the coronavirus and its vaccine, with the main objective of setting a framework and promoting health habits, share information in the adequate visual codes and build consciousness and sense of urgency regarding decision making.In the second section, we detail de process and development of the graphic designs directed to answer the needs of the primary user and target audience. Finally, the third section focuses on the validation of the graphic designs done by the health specialists and key user feedback / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional