美國前總統歐巴馬於2010年簽署之法案「病人保護暨可負擔醫療法」（Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, PPACA）又稱「歐巴馬醫療法」（Obamacare），主要目的之一在於提升對人民醫療照顧的保障，擴大人民的醫療照顧覆蓋面，並讓醫療保險成為可負擔的，具體改革面向主要在公共醫療照顧的範圍擴大、對人民強制納保規定，與對於商業醫療保險之各種規制，而從歐巴馬醫療法內容中，得以探討美國如何在維持既有醫療照顧體系架構、商業醫療保險為主導的模式中，透過對商業醫療保險的規制來成就相當於社會保險所實現的社會安全，並與我國作比較，雖然主要採取之醫療照顧模式不同，但同樣在促成全民納保的社會國目的之達成，兩國背後的立法背景、操作上有何異同，以及會遇到之爭議與困境何在，並且進一步思考是否有讓我國在處理目前制度問題的值得參考之處。 本文先論述美國傳統對於醫療照顧的心態與背景，並介紹美國的醫療照顧制度與衍生的問題，並從中了解醫療照顧之相關權利、全民納保觀念在美國的發展狀況，接著介紹歐巴馬醫療法的發展過程與實際內容，聚焦在擴大醫療照顧覆蓋面與令醫療保險成為可負擔之相關規定，並了解幾個重要的聯邦最高法院對歐巴馬醫療法之違憲審查判決中對爭議的處理，之後觀察歐巴馬醫療法如何透過對商業醫療保險的規制來讓其能成就社會安全功能，並追蹤後續歐巴馬醫療法實施後之成效與未來可能變化。對照我國，在介紹我國全民健康保險之發展與內容後，比較兩國在促成全民納保的背景、立法與釋憲過程中的爭議為何且如何處理、全民納保的操作內容，以及醫療照顧相關權利的承認與否、商業醫療保險的角色等，也從中討論是否有我國在解決現今全民健保之問題上可參考之面向。

This study explored how the well-being of the gays, lesbians and bisexuals (GLBs} in Botswana could be promoted. The health and human rights approach that places dignity before rights was selected as a framework for investigation. The respondents' (n=47) levels of well-being were assessed through a questionnaire with 76 items that included the General Well-Being Schedule. The findings indicated that varying degrees of distress were experienced by 64 % of the GLBs in this study. The GLBs identified a need for HIV/AIDS education and had concerns about their general health, discrimination and vulnerability for violence including sexual attacks. Their levels of well-being were influenced by both positive internal acceptance of their sexual orientation and negative external acceptance by society. Levels of involvement of health professionals was poor, and linkage between health and human rights was proposed to reduce dignity violations and improve the quality of life of the GLBs in Botswana. / Health Studies / M.A. (Nursing Science)

Thesis (LLM)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / Includes bibliography / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In South Africa gender-based violence (hereafter “GBV”) has reached extreme levels. This violent manifestation of gender inequality is compounded by the fact that women are disproportionately affected by poverty, the HIV/AIDS epidemic and inadequate health care services. This is in spite of South Africa’s progressive constitutional and legislative framework which appears highly conducive to combating gender inequality and GBV. For example, the Constitution protects the right to equality (section 9), human dignity (section 10), life (section 11), freedom and security of the person (section 12) and the right to have access to health care services, including reproductive health (section 27(1)(a)). Extensive legislation has also been enacted for the protection of women. For example, the preamble to the Domestic Violence Act 116 of 1998 (hereafter “DVA”) recognises domestic violence as a serious social evil. While the DVA is notably silent as to the role of the health care sector, the DVA is progressive in that it contains a broad definition of domestic violence, and recognises a wide range of relationships. The Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act 32 of 2007 also seeks to afford complainants of sexual offences “the maximum and least traumatising protection that the law can provide”. In addition to this, South Africa has international law obligations to address GBV and gender inequality. For example, under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), States are obliged to address private acts of violence and to remove discrimination against women in all fields, including health. However, despite this progressive framework of rights, some interpretations of these integral rights have been unduly formalistic, in addition to being disengaged from the lived reality of many women. There is also a substantial gap between policy and practice, with the implementation of existing legislation a continuing problem. It is therefore imperative that we analyse the right to have access to health care services through a gender lens so as to transcend a purely legalistic perspective and to interrogate gendered social processes and power relations. This thesis analyses how existing law and policy can be transformed so as to be more responsive to these lived realities and needs of survivors of GBV. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geslagsgebaseerde geweld (hierna ‘GGG’) in Suid-Afrika het uiterste vlakke bereik. Hierdie gewelddadige manifestasie van geslagsongelykheid word vererger deur die feit dat vroue buite verhouding erg deur armoede, die MIV/vigs-epidemie en ontoereikende gesondheidsorgdienste geraak word. Dit is ondanks Suid-Afrika se vooruitstrewende grondwetlike en wetsraamwerk wat op die oog af hoogs bevorderlik vir die bestryding van geslagsongelykheid en GGG voorkom. Die Grondwet verskans, byvoorbeeld, die reg op gelykheid (artikel 9), menswaardigheid (artikel 10), lewe (artikel 11), vryheid en sekerheid van die persoon (artikel 12) en toegang tot gesondheidsorgdienste, met inbegrip van reproduktiewe gesondheidsorg (artikel 27(1)(a)). Omvattende wetgewing oor vrouebeskerming is ook reeds uitgevaardig. Die aanhef tot die Wet op Gesinsgeweld 116 van 1998 (hierna die ‘WGG’) identifiseer, byvoorbeeld, huishoudelike geweld as ’n ernstige maatskaplike euwel. Hoewel die WGG swyg oor die rol van die gesondheidsorgsektor, is dit nietemin vooruitstrewend aangesien dit ’n uitgebreide omskrywing van huishoudelike geweld bevat en ’n wye verskeidenheid verhoudings erken. Die Wysigingswet op die Strafreg (Seksuele Misdrywe en Verwante Aangeleenthede) 32 van 2007 is ook daarop afgestem om klaagsters van seksuele oortredings “die omvattendste en mins traumatiese beskerming te gee wat die wet kan bied”. Daarbenewens verkeer Suid-Afrika onder internasionale regsverpligtinge om GGG en geslagsongelykheid aan te spreek. Ingevolge die Konvensie vir die Uitwissing van Alle Vorme van Diskriminasie teen Vroue (1979), byvoorbeeld, is state verplig om privaat geweldsdade teen te staan en diskriminasie teen vroue op alle gebiede te verwyder, insluitend gesondheid. Nietemin, benewens hierdie vooruitstrewende menseregteraamwerk is sommige interpretasies van hierdie onafskeidbare regte nie net oormatig formalisties nie, maar ook verwyderd van die daaglikse realiteit van baie vroue. Daar is ook ʼn wesenlike gaping tussen beleidsmaatreëls en die praktyk, terwyl die uitvoering van bestaande wetgewing ʼn voortgesette probleem verteenwoordig. Dit is dus gebiedend om die reg op toegang tot gesondheidsorgdienste deur ʼn geslagslens te analiseer om sodoende ʼn bloot regsgedrewe perspektief te bo te gaan en om maatskaplike prosesse en magsverhoudinge in oënskou te neem. Hierdie tesis analiseer hoe bestaande wetsraamwerke en beleidsmaatreëls getransformeer kan word om beter te reageer op die realiteite en behoeftes van oorlewendes van GGG. / Stellenbosch University Hope Project / Bradlow Foundation

This thesis aims to provide a framework for analyzing the moral responsibilities of global agents in what I call the Global Health Crisis (GHC), with special attention devoted to the moral responsibilities of pharmaceutical companies. The main contribution of this thesis is to provide a general account of the moral responsibilities of different global players, mapping the different kinds of duties they have, their content and force, and their relation to the responsibilities of other relevant actors in the GHC. I also apply this account to current debates surrounding the need for reforms to the international legal rules addressing the GHC, notably the TRIPs regime. In doing so, this thesis will discuss the allocation of responsibilities for the GHC among different global players, such as state and non-state actors, the latter including pharmaceutical companies. In order to investigate the allocation of duties, I will first analyze the object of such allocation which constitutes the object of the current GHC (Part A); then the agents responsible for addressing this crisis (Part B); and finally, existing institutional alternatives to reform the international legal rules addressing the GHC, such as the TRIPs regime (Part C).

and key words ! Thesis: Constitutional limits of statutory regulation of the provision of health care ! Abstract ! The main goal of this thesis is to characterize and analyse the legal regulation concerning the provision and payment of health care under Czech law. This analysis is based mainly on the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms as the foundation for the constitutional perspective. The thesis therefore begins with the constitutional limits of the provision and payment of health care. The right to health care is provided by Article 31 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms, which is the basis for its constitutional provision. As the Charter is a complex document, Article 31 must therefore not be seen as isolated, which is why other Articles are taken under consideration. This provides a complex view of the right to health care in the Czech constitution. The thesis then focuses on the characterization of statutes and executive regulations, which provide the basic right to health care. This part of the thesis is focused mainly on the Public Health Insurance Act, as the most important statue in this area and also on executive regulations based on the Act, which imminently regulate the right to health care. Both of these parts of the thesis serve as a precise...

The subject of this paper is the civil law aspects of health protection. The aim of the thesis is to analyse the relevant law concerning the topic and compare it to regulation suggested in the new civil code. Considering the breadth of the topic, the thesis does not deal with all aspects of this issue but just focuses on some of the most debatable questions. Not only the current law and related literature is considered, but a particular emphasis is also put on related case law. In some parts the paper also takes into consideration the fundamental masterpiece of European tort doctrine - Principles of European Tort Law (PETL). The thesis is composed of five chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of the topic. Chapter One provides an outline of relevant Czech and international law. Chapter Two analyses the concept of right to health protection as a part of personality protection and deals with its object, content and subjects. Chapter three is devoted to the unlawful infringement of the right to health protection and its consequences. Chapter Four focuses on civil law responsibility for unlawful infringement and on the circumstances which are necessary for the responsibility for injury to health to arise and also on the subjects to this responsibilty. This chapter also includes problems...

Introdução. Desde a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988 no Brasil, que consolida a saúde como um direito social, a ser garantido de forma integral e universal pelo Estado brasileiro, os cidadãos passaram a reivindicar este direito em juízo, acionando legitimamente o Estado para a garantia de suas pretensões sanitárias. E, neste sentido, o número de ações que demandam medicamentos vem crescendo de forma exponencial no Brasil, impactando diretamente a política pública de saúde, e suscitando debates sobre a segurança sanitária dos medicamentos dispensados em juízo. Objetivo. Evidenciar de que forma as questões técnicas e políticas que envolvem o direito social à assistência farmacêutica vem sendo debatidas dentro de processos judiciais que tem por objeto a solicitação de medicamentos em face do Estado. Isto para que se possa relacionar estes resultados aos atuais debates sobre o papel do Poder Judiciário em face da garantia do direito à saúde, e seu impacto perante a política pública de saúde. E, também, aos atuais debates político-sanitários sobre a prescrição médica, e sua importância para o exercício do direito em foco. Método. A metodologia de pesquisa revestiu-se em duas etapas distintas. A primeira etapa consistiu na análise de processos judiciais que versavam sobre a demanda de medicamentos em face do Estado, provenientes de quatro Tribunais Estaduais do país, em primeira instância: São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul e Rio de Janeiro. Os processos foram analisados através do uso da Metodologia Qualiquantitativa do Discurso Coletivo. A segunda etapa consistiu na pesquisa de artigos científicos, nas principais bases de dados de periódicos científicos de saúde pública, que tivessem relação com a pergunta de pesquisa: Como hoje estrutura-se a discussão político-sanitária em torno da prescrição médica? Resultados. Pela análise dos processos judiciais, evidencia-se que as demandas que envolvem pedidos de medicamento em juízo vêm sendo deferidas pelos juízes, prioritariamente, com base nas prescrições médicas individuais e com base na leitura pura do ordenamento jurídico, sem considerar as dimensões técnicas e políticas que envolvem o direito à assistência farmacêutica. A análise dos artigos científicos nos demonstra a vasta discussão técnica acerca da prescrição médica e suas implicações sanitárias, e aponta a necessidade de contraditar esses documentos e investir em educação e informação médicas, em prol da segurança sanitária dos pacientes-cidadãos. Conclusão. O direito à saúde é um direito complexo, que requer, para a sua adequada proteção e garantia, que ultrapassemos o paradigma positivista, com sua leitura exclusivamente normativa e dogmática, em prol de um novo paradigma que permita maior penetração de questões e saberes técnicos e políticos no âmbito do direito. Tanto judicial quanto extrajudicialmente precisam ser criados caminhos de proteção à saúde, que abriguem todos os profissionais jurídicos, políticos e técnicos envolvidos na temática, rumo à construção interdisciplinar do direito à saúde e da cidadania sanitária no Brasil / Introduction. Since the enactment of the 1988 Federal Constitution in Brazil, that consolidates health as a social right, the citizens began to demand this right in court, lawfully driving the state to guarantee their health claims. And, in this sense, the number of actions that require medicines is growing exponentially in Brazil, which impact directly the public health policy, and stimulate discussions about the safety of drugs dispensed by the courts. Objective. Show how the technical and political issues, involving the social right to pharmaceutical assistance has been debated in legal proceedings whose objective is the solicitation of drugs against the State. This to be able to relate these findings to the current debates about the role of the judiciary, in view of the guaranteed of right to health and its impact on the public health policy. And, also, to the current political debates about health prescription, and its importance for the right in focus. Method. The research methodology is coated in two stages. The first step was the analysis of court cases that focused the drug demand against the State, from Four State Courts in Brazil: Sao Paulo, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul and Rio de Janeiro. The processes were analyzed through the use of qualitativequantitative methodology of collective discourse. The second step consisted in the search of scientific articles in major databases of scientific journals of public health, that were related to the following research question: How today\'s discussion is structured around the political health context of the medical prescription? Results. The analysis of court proceedings, results clear that the demands that involve medication in court have been deferred by the judges, primarily, based on the individual medical prescriptions, and based on the pure reading of the legal system, without considering the technical and political dimensions that involve the right to pharmaceutical assistance. The analysis of scientific articles shows us the extensive technical discussion about the prescription and its health implications, and highlights the need to contradict these documents, and invest in education and medical information, towards the safety of patients-citizens. Conclusion. The right to health is a complex right, which requires for its adequate protection and security, that we move beyond the positivist paradigm, with its exclusively normative reading and dogmatic rules, towards a new paradigm which allows greater penetration of issues and political and technical knowledge within the law. Both judicial and extrajudicial ways need to be created to protect health, involving all legal, politicians and technicians professionals involved in the matter, toward interdisciplinary construction of the right to health and health citizenship in Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:28:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Karina Bozola Grou.pdf: 1397981 bytes, checksum: dee411f3f8d35492a0c010f2090e724a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-22 / This study was aimed to analyse the access of medicines as an essential part of the right to health and, consequently, the right to life, including the current debate regarding the Judiciary role to implement them. The content of the human dignity principle and its legal effectiveness allow identifying the close link between its essential nucleus and the right to health. Social right of the second generation of the fundamentals human rights, the right to health is privilegedly guaranteed by the Federal Constitution of 1988, which recognizes its public relevance, the immediate applicability of the norms that assure the right to health, and the solidarity of the public authorities in their obligation to take care of people s health. By the legislation in force, it is possible to verify that the main objections concerning the Judiciary performance can be surpassed. They are: the principle of separation of powers, discritionarity of public administration in choosing which medicines integrate the public lists, budgetary principles and rules that guide the public revenues and expenditures and budgetary limits to implement socials rights. Through the study of the minimum threshold and its intrinsic relation to the core of human dignity, which includes the right to health, it is concluded that the right to health and the access to medicines are subjective public rights and may be required judicially. More than that, if it s necessary to preserve the health and the worthy life, the Judiciary must guarantee that health public system (Unified Health System) supplies the medicine demanded, even if it does not integrate the health public system list of medicines, under penalty of violating the essence of the Federal Constitution / Este trabalho dedica-se à análise do acesso aos medicamentos como parte essencial do direito à saúde e, conseqüentemente, do direito à vida, incluindo o atual debate acerca do papel do Poder Judiciário para sua efetivação. O conteúdo do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana e sua eficácia jurídica permitem identificar a estreita ligação entre o seu núcleo essencial e o direito à saúde. Direito social da segunda geração de direitos humanos fundamentais, o direito à saúde está garantido pela Constituição Federal de 1988 de forma privilegiada, que reconhece sua relevância pública, a aplicabilidade imediata das normas que o abrigam e a solidariedade dos entes públicos no dever de cuidar da saúde das pessoas. A partir do ordenamento jurídico vigente, as principais objeções à atuação do Poder Judiciário podem ser superadas. São elas: o princípio da separação dos poderes, a discricionariedade administrativa na eleição daqueles medicamentos integrantes das listas públicas, os princípios e as regras orçamentárias que regem as receitas e despesas públicas e os limites orçamentários para implementar os direitos sociais, reserva do possível . Por meio do estudo do mínimo existencial e de sua intrínseca relação com o núcleo da dignidade da pessoa humana, onde está obrigatoriamente incluído o direito à saúde, conclui-se que o direito à saúde e o acesso a medicamentos são direitos públicos subjetivos, podendo ser exigidos judicialmente. Mais do que isso, sendo necessário preservar a saúde e a vida digna, o Judiciário deve garantir que o Sistema Único de Saúde forneça o medicamento em questão, ainda que não pertencente às listas públicas, sob pena de descumprir a essência da Constituição Federal

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:27:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Katz Santo.pdf: 620674 bytes, checksum: 9ee8fe2322bda03880382d2331998384 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-12 / This study has as main objective to characterize the behavior of the Judicial Power regarding the demand for medicaments in the city of Pelotas instated in the State Courts in the second semester of 2012. This research was structured upon a literature review, where we attempted to observe the behavior adopted by the Brazilian judiciary and its implications in public health policies. The data were obtained through analysis of judgments issued by the State Courts in order to identify whether there is interference from the Judiciary in relation to the access to medicines in the city of Pelotas, trying to rescue awareness of the judges of this district about the National Drug Policy, checking whether the medicines pleaded are inserted in the official lists and if that produces any legal consequence to the detriment of the right to health that is part of the right to life itself. Starting from the evoked rights it was extremely important to analyze what are the criteria adopted by the Judiciary in granting or not the pleaded medicines and finally be able to note the implications of judgments in the National Drug Policy in Pelotas. Among the obtained results, the research demonstrated that the Judiciary is bound to the law itself, the letter of the law, disregarding, in most cases, the existing health public policies / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal caracterizar o comportamento do Poder Judiciário frente às demandas por medicamentos no Município de Pelotas, ingressadas na Justiça Estadual no segundo semestre de 2012. Esta pesquisa foi estruturada a partir de uma revisão de literatura, onde se buscou observar o comportamento adotado pelo Judiciário brasileiro e suas implicações nas políticas de saúde pública. Os dados foram obtidos através da análise das sentenças judiciais expedidas pela Justiça Estadual, visando identificar se existe a interferência do Poder Judiciário em relação ao acesso a medicamentos no Município de Pelotas, procurando resgatar o conhecimento dos juízes desta comarca sobre a Política Nacional de Medicamentos, verificando se os medicamentos pleiteados estão inseridos nas listas oficiais e se isso produz alguma consequência jurídica em detrimento do direito à saúde que faz parte do direito à própria vida. Partindo dos direitos evocados foi de extrema relevância analisar quais os critérios adotados pelo Poder Judiciário na concessão ou não dos medicamentos pleiteados e enfim, poder constatar as implicações das decisões judiciais na política nacional de medicamentos no município de Pelotas. Dentre os resultados obtidos, a pesquisa demonstrou que o Poder Judiciário se vincula ao direito em si, a letra da lei, desconsiderando, na maior parte das vezes, as políticas públicas de saúde existentes

Submitted by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2018-12-11T17:17:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TÂMARA LUZ MIRANDA RÊGO.pdf: 2695023 bytes, checksum: 1fede5ac89598cf9616a4ca50efc40b6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2018-12-11T17:19:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TÂMARA LUZ MIRANDA RÊGO.pdf: 2695023 bytes, checksum: 1fede5ac89598cf9616a4ca50efc40b6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:19:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TÂMARA LUZ MIRANDA RÊGO.pdf: 2695023 bytes, checksum: 1fede5ac89598cf9616a4ca50efc40b6 (MD5) / A presente pesquisa concentra seu objeto de estudo em torno da eficácia das medidas alternativas como forma de garantir o direito fundamental à saúde na atualidade. Nesse aspecto, a problemática invocada recai sobre a possibilidade de efetivar o direito à saúde por meio de medidas complementares ao sistema sanitário implantado no Brasil, após a Constituição de 1988, tendo como exemplo o Estado da Bahia. A partir da análise em evidência, será possível perceber que a busca por soluções consensuais e dialógicas constituem um importante instrumento de trabalho para a efetivação do direito à saúde no país. O objetivo principal desta tese é reconhecer que, apesar das dificuldades enfrentadas pelo Estado Brasileiro ao longo da sua história, os problemas em torno da saúde pública podem ser atenuados ou até mesmo superados mediante adoção de medidas resolutivas compatíveis com a dinâmica das relações sociais, econômicas e políticas contemporâneas. Além disso, por meio da temática abordada, será possível analisar o sistema sanitário estruturado no Estado da Bahia a fim de conhecer um pouco mais das suas peculiaridades e contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento do modelo alternativo adotado nessa região, desde a implantação da Câmara de Conciliação da Saúde, criada na Capital baiana, por meio do Convênio de Cooperação nº 01/2015. O estudo se firmou em dados empíricos fornecidos diretamente pela Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia, além de análise teórica e explanatória sobre o assunto. Os resultados mostram uma redução na judicialização da saúde na Bahia. Contudo, apesar dos avanços obtidos, é indispensável investir no fortalecimento das vias alternativas adotadas no Estado, fomentando a ampliação de técnicas nesse sentido. / The present research aims to study the effectiveness of alternative measures as a way of guaranteeing the fundamental right to health in the present time. In this regard, the problem is based on the possibility of implementing the right to health through complementary measures to the health system implemented in the country after the 1988 constitution, using the State of Bahia as an example. From the analysis in evidence, it is possible to perceive that the search for consensual and dialogical solutions constitute an important working tool for the realization of the right to health in the country. The main objective of this thesis is to recognize that despite the difficulties faced by the Brazilian State throughout its history, public health problems can be attenuated or even overcome by adopting resolutive measures that are compatible with the dynamics of social relations, economics and contemporary politicss. In addition, through the theme discussed, it will be possible to analyze the sanitary system structured in the State of Bahia, in order to know a little more of its peculiarities and contribute to the improvement of the alternative model adopted in this region since the implementation of the Chamber of Conciliation of Health, created in the Bahian Capital, through Cooperation Agreement nº 01/2015. The study was based on empirical data provided directly by the Health Department of the State of Bahia as well as a theoretical and explanatory analysis of the subject. The results show a reduction in the judicialization of health in Bahia. However, despite the progress made, it is essential to invest in the strengthening of the alternative routes adopted in the State and to, encourage the expansion of techniques in this regard. / La presente ricerca concentra il suo oggetto di studio sull'efficacia delle misure alternative come mezzo per garantire il diritto fondamentale alla salute nel tempo presente. A questo proposito, il problema si basa sulla possibilità di attuare il diritto alla salute attraverso misure complementari al sistema sanitario attuato nel paese, dopo la costituzione del 1988, prendendo ad esempio lo stato di Bahia. Dalle analisi in evidenza sarà possibile percepire che la ricerca di soluzioni consensuali e dialogiche costituisce un importante strumento di lavoro per la realizzazione del diritto alla salute nel Paese. L'obiettivo principale di questa tesi è riconoscere che, nonostante le difficoltà incontrate dallo Stato brasiliano nel corso della sua storia, i problemi di salute pubblica possono essere attenuati o addirittura superati adottando misure risolutive compatibili con la dinamica delle relazioni sociali , economico e politico. Inoltre, attraverso il tema discusso, sarà possibile analizzare il sistema sanitario strutturato nello Stato di Bahia per conoscere un po 'più delle sue peculiarità e contribuire al miglioramento del modello alternativo adottato in questa regione, dall'attuazione della Camera di conciliazione di salute, creato nella capitale baiana, attraverso l'accordo di cooperazione nº 01/2015. Lo studio è stato basato su dati empirici forniti direttamente dal Dipartimento della Sanità dello Stato di Bahia, nonché un'analisi teorica e esplicativa sull'argomento. I risultati mostrano una riduzione della giudizializzazione della salute a Bahia. Tuttavia, nonostante i progressi compiuti, è essenziale investire nel rafforzamento delle rotte alternative adottate nello Stato, incoraggiando l'espansione delle tecniche a tale riguardo.