Which grand strategies do Great Powers adopt towards rising challengers? When do Great Powers conciliate their potential rivals, and when do they opt for strategies of containment? In this master’s report, I outline an argument to answer these and related questions. I add to the existing literatures on grand strategy and power transitions in several key respects. First, I model power shifts between Great Powers as contests over access to externally located benefits rather than as contests over power for its own sake. Second, I emphasize the weight of domestic politics in shaping states’ preferences over the apportionment of these benefits. Third, I highlight the role of diplomacy in determining whether established Great Powers choose to conciliate or else contain potential rivals. Empirically, I provide four vignettes of Great Power responses to rising states: the United States’ strategy towards Japan during the Cold War; Britain’s appeasement of the United States, 1890-1914; the United States’ containment of the Soviet Union under Ronald Reagan; and Britain’s containment of Wilhelmine Germany. / text

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This study investigated the demand patterns of poor households during a period of rising prices. Focus was on three main constructs namely the poor, rising prices and the demand patterns. The study was on Bophelong, a township in South Africa. This study was conducted from an empirical, quantitative approach which was preceded by a literature review. The main objective of conducting the literature review was to provide a theoretical framework for questionnaire design and empirical work. Cross sectional data was collected at Bophelong households. On completion of the survey, the poor were selected from the non-poor by means of a poverty line. The poor were further divided into two categories, namely moderately poor and the very poor. Moderately poor households were categorised by an income ranging 50% to 99% inclusively of their household poverty line. The very poor households were categorised by an income in the range of 0 to 49% inclusively of their poverty line. Using the above division, the total poverty rate was 56% of the total sample, 26% being moderately poor and 30% very poor. The poverty gap ratio for all the poor in the sample was 0.48, meaning that on average, the poor needed 48% of their current income to reach their poverty line. This ratio was 0.29 for the moderately poor households and 0.69 for the very poor households. A logistic regression done on the determinants of poverty in Bophelong showed that household size, age of the household head, monthly household income and the employment status of the household head were significant in determining poverty. The monthly average household income in Bophelong was R2 910. For the moderately poor households it was R1 641 for the and R932 for the very poor households. Household size was 3.96 for the whole sample size, 2.97 for the non-poor households, 4.2 for the moderately poor households and 4.7 for the very poor households. The study revealed that demand patterns of the poor differ from those of the non-poor. In addition the moderately poor households‟ demand patterns differ from the very poor An analysis of the poor‟s demand patterns during rising prices: the case of Bophelong household. The greatest part of income of the poor is spent on basic food stuffs. The very poor spent more than half of their income (53%) on food. The study indicated that bread is a giffen good only to the very poor households where quantity demanded moves in the same direction with price. In the non-poor households, bread is regarded inferior. A commodity can be overly a necessity, but the degree of necessity differs with a households‟ economic status. In some cases, a commodity was a necessity in the very poor households but a luxury in the non-poor. The way households substitute one good for another depends on their income levels. In conclusion, the study recommends that for poverty alleviation policies to effectively target the very poor in reducing malnutrition and hunger, these very poor should be studied separetely from the poor households. This is because households of different poverty levels face different challenges. A more detailed and deeper study relating to the demand structure of the poor is recommended. There is also a need to explore the survival means of the poor as to direct policy actions aimed at alleviating poverty among the poor in general. / Thesis (PhD (Economics))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013

In 1967 the US Air Force solicited proposals for ``low-disc-loading [Vertical Takeoff and Landing] configurations suitable for high speed flight.' Bell Helicopter elected to respond with a proposal after initial analysis on configurations including a stopped edgewise disc and a trail rotor. They concluded that a folding proprotor design would best meet the requirements laid forth. Initial analysis work began on this folding proprotor (stop-fold) design in the same year and concluded in 1972 with a full scale 25 foot diameter pylon and rotor assembly wind tunnel test at the NASA-Ames Large Scale Wind Tunnel. The project was concluded at this point and never resulted in a production or research aircraft. The original proposed stop-fold tiltrotor design by Bell Helicopter allowed for vertical takeoff and landing, a transition sequence rotating the pylon rotor assembly from helicopter to airplane mode, a conversion sequence during which the rotor stopped and blades folded along the pylon, and a transition from prop thrust to auxiliary jet engine power while the rotor was being stopped. This configuration effectively removes the high-speed restraints typical of a prop-driven aircraft and instead opens a flight envelope comparable to a fixed-wing jet. This project entails both the simulation and basic analysis of the stop-fold concept with special attention to frequency responses and potential coupling between modes.

Thesis (M.A.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland. / Bibliography : leaves [177]-189. Also available online.

Description based on: 22nd, Mar./Sept.1977 Edited by: Michael Athans, Alan S. Willsky, 1979/80- / NASA Grant NGL 22-009-124. M.I.T. Project OSP 76265. Issued by: M.I.T. Electronic Systems Laboratory, -1978; M.I.T. Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems, 197 -

Submitted by CLAUDIA PARRA null (cla_parra@hotmail.com) on 2016-03-18T17:08:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Texto final.pdf: 3519088 bytes, checksum: d357387adaed832b2e20a3e4ae3bbbdb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-22T12:38:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 parra_c_me_sjrp.pdf: 3519088 bytes, checksum: d357387adaed832b2e20a3e4ae3bbbdb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T12:38:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parra_c_me_sjrp.pdf: 3519088 bytes, checksum: d357387adaed832b2e20a3e4ae3bbbdb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Uma vez que a cultura nacional irlandesa tem formado uma concepção imaginária de identidade, isso afeta também a imagem da mulher. O drama irlandês tem contribuído muito para o debate e revisionismo sobre a identidade irlandesa e, no século XX, a Revolta da Páscoa em 1916 foi escolhida como contexto por alguns dramaturgos irlandeses pra promover uma reflexão sobre essa questão. Sean O’Casey e Tom Murphy apresentaram versões da Revolta da Páscoa nos palcos do Abbey que abordaram a identidade da mulher irlandesa em um contexto nacionalista. Uma comparação desses dois textos dramáticos revela que, embora os dramaturgos tenham usado estratégias diferentes, ambos reavaliaram a imagem feminina promovida pelo nacionalismo irlandês. / Ireland’s particular national culture has shaped an imaginary conception of identity which has also affected the image of women. Irish drama has contributed significantly to the debate on and revisionism of Irish identity and, in the twentieth century, the Easter Rising in 1916 was chosen by some Irish playwrights as a background to promote reflection on this question. Sean O’Casey and Tom Murphy presented versions of the Easter Rising on the Abbey stage which approached the identity of Irish women in a nationalistic context. A comparison of these two dramatic texts reveals that, although the playwrights used different strategies, they both reassessed the female image promoted by Irish nationalism.

During wind tunnel testing of jet-lift, short take-off and vertical landing (STOVL) aircraft it is usual to simulate the jet efflux but not the intake flows. The intakes, which are commonly faired over or are unpowered, are generally tested in separate wind tunnel experiments. The forces acting on the wind tunnel model are determined by the linear addition of the forces obtained from the two separate tests. There is some doubt as to whether this is a valid approach. A systematic experimental investigation was, therefore, conducted to determine the magnitude of any jet/intake interference effects on a generic jet-lift STOVL aircraft in transitional flight, out of ground effect. Comparisons made between separate and simultaneous jet and intake testing concluded that a mutual jet/intake interference effect does exist. The existence of this interference means that the aerodynamic wing lift loss in transitional flight deduced from isolated jet and intake testing is less than the lift loss obtained from simultaneous jet and intake testing. The experimental research was supplemented by some simplified computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies of elements of the flow-field about the aircraft using the k-e turbulence model. The numerical modelling enabled aspects of the flow-field around the aircraft to be visualised which could not easily be done using the experimental apparatus. It is a requirement of the Eng]) programme that part of this thesis must address a management topic linked to the research. In this case the management aspects of wind tunnel project work were examined. A scenario was developed which established a requirement for a large-scale, low-speed wind tunnel with a Reynolds number capability of 20 million. A study was performed on the decision-making process and investment appraisal methods used in the procurement of such a wind tunnel.

A análise do comportamento negociador de potências emergentes pode ser considerada como um dos indicadores do posicionamento desses países em um momento de transição de poder na ordem internacional. O modo como esse grupo de países defende seus interesses em uma mesa de negociação assim como as coalizões e estratégias que eles criam para atingir seus objetivos são aspectos definidores de suas políticas externas. A análise de como potências emergentes negociam pode revelar o tipo de potência que esses países podem se tornar em uma nova ordem global. Esta pesquisa investiga como o Brasil negocia para se tornar um tomador de decisão influente no Fundo Monetário Internacional (FMI), analisando se a abordagem brasileira em relação à atual ordem internacional é revisionista ou integracionista. O objeto dessa pesquisa é o comportamento negociador brasileiro no processo negociador que culminou em um novo acordo sobre a distribuição de quotas no FMI em 2010 durante a reunião ministerial do G20, na cidade sul-coreana Gyeongju. O argumento que se desenvolve ao longo do artigo é o de que a crise financeira de 2008 e o crescimento e a estabilidade da economia brasileira na década de 2000 aumentou o poder de barganha dos negociadores brasileiros nas negociações para a reforma do FMI. A conclusão da análise mostra que longe de ser revisionista o comportamento negociador revela estratégias de negociação que visam a integrar o país à ordem existente, buscando seu fortalecimento. / The analysis of the negotiation behavior of rising powers expresses one of the few indicators on their nature at a time of transition in the international order. How countries defend their interests at a table of negotiation as well as the coalitions and strategies they build to achieve their objectives are essential features of their foreign policy. The analysis of how emerging powers negotiate can reveal the type of power these countries may become in a forthcoming world order. This paper thus investigates how Brazil negotiates to become a major stakeholder in the International Monetary Fund (IMF), analyzing whether its approach toward the established order is either revisionist or integrationist. The object of this investigation is Brazilian negotiation behavior on the negotiations of the IMF ?s quota reform agreed in 2010 in Gyeongju (G20 Ministerial meeting), South Korea. It argues that the 2008 ?s financial crisis as well as the emergence of Brazil as an economic powerhouse provided Brazilian negotiators with an increased bargain power to reform the IMF. The outcome of the analysis demonstrates that rather than revisionist Brazilian strategies of negation aim to integrate the country in existing institutions.

During wind tunnel testing of jet-lift, short take-off and vertical landing (STOVL) aircraft it is usual to simulate the jet efflux but not the intake flows. The intakes, which are commonly faired over or are unpowered, are generally tested in separate wind tunnel experiments. The forces acting on the wind tunnel model are determined by the linear addition of the forces obtained from the two separate tests. There is some doubt as to whether this is a valid approach. A systematic experimental investigation was, therefore, conducted to determine the magnitude of any jet/intake interference effects on a generic jet-lift STOVL aircraft in transitional flight, out of ground effect. Comparisons made between separate and simultaneous jet and intake testing concluded that a mutual jet/intake interference effect does exist. The existence of this interference means that the aerodynamic wing lift loss in transitional flight deduced from isolated jet and intake testing is less than the lift loss obtained from simultaneous jet and intake testing. The experimental research was supplemented by some simplified computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies of elements of the flow-field about the aircraft using the k-e turbulence model. The numerical modelling enabled aspects of the flow-field around the aircraft to be visualised which could not easily be done using the experimental apparatus. It is a requirement of the Eng]) programme that part of this thesis must address a management topic linked to the research. In this case the management aspects of wind tunnel project work were examined. A scenario was developed which established a requirement for a large-scale, low-speed wind tunnel with a Reynolds number capability of 20 million. A study was performed on the decision-making process and investment appraisal methods used in the procurement of such a wind tunnel.