Submitted by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2015-09-21T17:40:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Dissertacao_EfeitosTipoFloresta.pdf: 3512151 bytes, checksum: 01acb75375b9ac417ef07d8fd5fb3ef6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2015-09-28T12:41:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Dissertacao_EfeitosTipoFloresta.pdf: 3512151 bytes, checksum: 01acb75375b9ac417ef07d8fd5fb3ef6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-28T12:41:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Dissertacao_EfeitosTipoFloresta.pdf: 3512151 bytes, checksum: 01acb75375b9ac417ef07d8fd5fb3ef6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / A heterogeneidade ambiental expressa diferenças naturais entre áreas e é um fator determinante para a riqueza e abundância local de primatas. Neste estudo nós investigamos a composição e estrutura de assembléias de primatas em quatro tipos de floresta: floresta de terra firme, florestas de igapó sazonalmente inundáveis por rios de águas claras (aberta e densa) e cerradão na Reserva Biológica do Guaporé, sudoeste da Amazônia Brasileira. Além disso, avaliamos a associação entre a ocorrência e abundância dos primatas com diferenças estruturais das florestas. Realizamos 617,8 km de censos pelo método de transecção linear (~154 km por tipo de floresta) e avaliamos a estrutura da vegetação em 108 parcelas de 200 m² (0,54 ha por tipo de floresta). Dez espécies de primatas foram registradas durante os 11 meses deste estudo. A floresta de terra firme apresentou o maior número de espécies e a maior densidade de primatas, principalmente devido à presença exclusiva de Callicebus moloch e a maior abundância de Sapajus apella. A elevada densidade de Ateles chamek na floresta aberta inundável foi preponderante para a maior biomassa de primatas neste tipo de floresta. Nas florestas inundáveis e na terra firme, Ateles chamek e Sapajus apella responderam juntas por mais de 70% da biomassa de primatas, e no cerradão apenas Sapajus apella foi responsável por 68% da biomassa. Diferenças entre tipos de floresta na composição específica e abundância relativa de primatas foram associadas com o regime de inundação e com algumas variáveis de estrutura de habitat (densidade de árvores no sub-bosque e no dossel, abertura do dossel, altura total do dossel e densidade de palmeiras e lianas). Nossos resultados reforçam a importância de paisagens heterogêneas na Amazônia, pois estas áreas tendem a contribuir para uma maior diversidade de espécies em uma escala de paisagem. / Environmental heterogeneity of natural vegetation types is a key determinant of local primate species richness and abundance. In this study we investigate primate assemblages composition and structure in four types of forest: unflooded (terra firme) forest, open and dense igapó forests (those seasonally inundated by clear water rivers) and cerradão (dense savanna woodland) in the Guaporé Biological Reserve in southwestern Brazilian Amazonia. In addition, we evaluate associations between primate occurrence and abundance with structural differences between forests types. We carried out 617.8 km of line-transect census (~154 km per forest type) and evaluated vegetation structure in 108 200 m² plots (0.54 ha per forest type). Ten primate species were recorded during the 11-month study. Terra firme forest presented the highest primate species richness and density, predominantly as it is the only habitat playing host to Callicebus moloch and has the highest abundance of Sapajus apella. The high density of Ateles chamek in open igapó forest led to this habitat recording the highest primate biomass of any forest type. In the open and dense igapós and terra firme forests, Ateles chamek and Sapajus apella together made up over 70% of primate biomass, whilst in cerradão Sapajus apella accounted for 68% of primate biomass. Differences across forest types in primate species composition and relative abundances were associated with flood regimes and with several habitat structure variables (such as understory and canopy tree densities, canopy openness, total canopy height, and palm and liana densities). Our results reinforce the importance of heterogeneous landscapes in Amazonia, since these areas tend to contribute to elevating species diversity on this spatial scale.

Submitted by Cássio da Cruz Nogueira (cassionogueirakk@gmail.com) on 2017-02-20T15:51:34Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_SingularidadesProcessoUrbanizacao.pdf: 5651638 bytes, checksum: 89a72191c6082a0c08814bf59c5757bb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2017-03-02T15:02:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_SingularidadesProcessoUrbanizacao.pdf: 5651638 bytes, checksum: 89a72191c6082a0c08814bf59c5757bb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-02T15:02:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_SingularidadesProcessoUrbanizacao.pdf: 5651638 bytes, checksum: 89a72191c6082a0c08814bf59c5757bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-18 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Esta tese apresenta como resultado a pesquisa sobre o processo de urbanização na Amazônia, com foco nas cidades de Porto Velho (RO) e Marabá (PA). Tendo como objetivo compreender como o processo de incorporação da fronteira, em seus diferentes contextos político-econômico e social-ideológico, adentram as realidades urbanas dando origem a singularidades em nível local. Sendo assim, buscou-se demonstrar a heterogeneidade do processo de ocupação da Amazônia, apesar da implantação de um modelo modernizador homogeneizante a partir da década de 1960, com o intuito de responder como os processos implantados na Amazônia se manifestam na organização da estrutura, da função e da forma destes espaços urbanos. A metodologia de análise utilizada se insere dentro da tradição histórico-estruturalista, embasada na teoria de Santos, que contextualiza historicamente como os processos políticos, econômicos e sociais em cada período analisado interferem na organização de cada um dos espaços urbanos especificamente. O estudo em questão tem como objetivo a identificação dos fatores que determinam ou contribuem para a ocorrência dos fenômenos observáveis. As evidências empíricas estão sustentadas em revisão de bibliografia, análise documental, de dados secundários, e na construção de um Sistema de Informações Geográficas que permitiu acompanhar a expansão das cidades analisadas, associada a seus conteúdos. Os resultados revelam que existem singularidades no processo de construção dos espaços urbanos amazônicos, mesmo tendo sido submetidos a processos idênticos presentes em toda a fronteira amazônica, e que estas especificidades se manifestam na forma, na função e na estrutura que a cidade assume na sua dimensão intraurbana. Conclui-se que a condição de periferia do sistema capitalista brasileiro, mantenedora de recursos naturais e humanos, acarretou à região uma condição que é singular a todas as realidades urbanas, que são condições precárias de desenvolvimento urbano associado ao não reinvestimento na região do lucro obtido da retirada dos recursos e do desenvolvimento das atividades econômicas, porém, existem singularidades que se manifestam somente a nível local, relacionas a forma que as cidades assumem, a sua função na rede urbana e a sua estrutura urbana. / The present thesis outlines as a result the research about the Amazon’s urbanization process, focusing in the cities of Porto Velho (RO) and Marabá (PA). With the goal to understand how the border incorporation process, in its different political-economic and social-ideological contexts, enters these urban realities giving birth to singularities in a local level. Thus, it sought to demonstrate the heterogeneity of the Amazon occupation process, despite the implantation of a homogenizing modernizer model from the 1960 decade, in order to answer how the implanted processes in the Amazon manifest in structure, function and shape organization of these urban spaces. The methodology of analysis used is set within the historical-structuralist tradition, grounded on Santos’s theory, which historically contextualize how the political, economic and social processes in each period analyzed specifically interferes in the organization of each of the urban spaces. The study in question aims to identify the factors that establish or contributes to the incidence of observable phenomena. The empirical evidences are supported by literature review, document analysis, secondary data, and in the development of a Geographical Information System that allowed to keep pace with the expansion of the analyzed cities, associated with its contents. The results reveal that there are singularities in the construction process of Amazonian urban spaces, despite having undergone identical processes present in all Amazonian border, and that these characteristics are manifested in form, function and structure in which the city undertakes in its intra-urban dimension. It is concluded that the condition of periphery of the Brazilian capitalist system, which maintains the natural and human resources, brought to the region a condition that is unique to all urban realities, which are precarious conditions of urban development associated with non-reinvestment of the profit in the region obtained by the withdrawal of resources and the development of economic activities, however, there are singularities that manifest only in a local level, related to the way the cities take on their role in the urban network and its urban structure.

論文主題設定為《直貢替寺與直貢噶舉派教法》，在論述的架構，由以下九個章節串連而成。第一章，開門見山帶出研究直貢的意涵，故名為「直貢」與「直貢替寺」，其次討論地名與建寺的因緣。第二章，討論直貢替寺的歷史背景，也就是「直貢替寺興衰史」，其中包含寺院成長期、寺院動亂期、寺院衰敗期、寺院轉型期等加以探究。第三章，實際的考察寺院的硬體部分，即是「直貢替寺的規模與佛殿配置」。第四章 ，以人文素養為主軸，「直貢替寺的上師與神祇」，主要討論直貢替寺的活佛、直貢法台、赤奔、神祇等。第五章，經營理念與概念，以「 直貢替寺現況」為標題，分為寺院管理、寺院收入、寺院活動等。第六章， 依據文獻與訪問探討「直貢噶舉派教法源流」，共為兩個小子提依序為直貢噶舉宗見源流與直貢噶舉密法源流。第七章 ，修行的法鑰「大手印五具」，前行、正行、後行。接著進入修行成就的重點，第八章，「那若六法」，從基礎理論、生起次第、圓滿次第，依序接個次第而分析。第九章，「 修習傳規」，過去修習傳規、當今僧人的學習，藉以比照來深入分析過去與現今的不同點。最後，為研究總結即是「結論」，藉由研究工作所做出怎樣效益與發展，希望能進一步的提升大眾對於直貢教法能有認知與瞭解。 / Thesis is set to " DriGungTil Monastery and DriGung Kagyu's teachings ", in his discussion of the structure, formed by the following nine serial sections. The first chapter, straight out of the meaning of satin, fixed called "satin" and "satin for the Temple", followed by the discussion of names and Temple of karma. The second chapter, discussing the historical background of satin for the Temple, that is, "Rise and Fall of satin for the Temple", which contains growth monasteries, temples turmoil period, monasteries decay period, temples to explore such transition. Chapter III, the actual examination of the hardware part of the monastery, which is "the size of the Drikung Monastery and the Buddhist temple for the configuration." Chapter IV, the humanities as the spindle, "satin for the Temple's teachers and the gods", the main discussion for the Temple of the Living Buddha satin, satin France and Taiwan, Chi Ben, gods and so on. Chapter V, business ideas and concepts, to "satin for the Temple is" the title, into the temple management, monasteries income, temple activities. Chapter VI, based on the literature and access to explore the "origins of the Drikung Kagyu teachings" were put in order of the two boy were see the origins of the Drikung Kagyu and Drikung secret law origins. Chapter VII of the key practice of law, "Mahamudra five", the first line, is the line, underwent. Then enter the spiritual achievements of the focus of Chapter VIII, "that if the Six", from the basic theory, students from the sequence, complete sequence, then a sequence and sequence analysis. Chapter IX, "attend-conventional", in the past to attend mass regulations, today's monks to learn, to cf in-depth analysis of past and present different points. Finally, the study concluded that the "conclusion" made by how effective research and development, hoping to further raise public awareness for the satin teachings and understanding to have.

<p>Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have elevated levels of interferon (IFN)-α in blood and IFN-α-producing cells in tissues. In the present thesis, we investigate the mechanisms behind the upregulated IFN-α-production in SLE and also show that the IFN-α system is activated in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), with IFN-α-producing cells in the major affected organ, the salivary glands. The IFN-α is a type I IFN, a family of cytokines counteracting especially viral infections, by acting directly on infected cells, and via many immunomodulatory effects. The latter may also contribute to autoimmune processes.</p><p>The type I IFNs are usually produced upon recognition of microbial structures. In SLE, however, DNA-containing immune complexes (ICs) that induce IFN-α production are found. Many autoantibodies in SLE and pSS are directed to nucleic acids or to DNA/RNA-binding proteins. We show that also RNA in complex with autoantibodies from SLE or pSS patients (RNA-IC) induces IFN-α-production. The RNA could be either in the form of RNA-containing material released from apoptotic or necrotic cells or as a pure RNA-containing autoantigen, the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle. </p><p>The IFN-α-production induced by RNA-IC occurred in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs), also termed natural IFN-producing cells (NIPCs), via binding to Fcγ-receptor IIa, endocytosis and triggering of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), probably TLR7 and TLR9. The RNA-IC may also have other effects, and we found that they induce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in monocytes and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in both monocytes and NIPC/PDC. The PGE2 downregulated the IFN-α induction in NIPC/PDC, and the IFN-α induction was increased in monocyte-depleted cell cultures. </p><p>The findings presented in this thesis aids in the understanding of the mechanisms behind the activated IFN-α system in SLE and other autoimmune diseases, and shows that also pSS is one of these diseases.</p>

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have elevated levels of interferon (IFN)-α in blood and IFN-α-producing cells in tissues. In the present thesis, we investigate the mechanisms behind the upregulated IFN-α-production in SLE and also show that the IFN-α system is activated in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), with IFN-α-producing cells in the major affected organ, the salivary glands. The IFN-α is a type I IFN, a family of cytokines counteracting especially viral infections, by acting directly on infected cells, and via many immunomodulatory effects. The latter may also contribute to autoimmune processes. The type I IFNs are usually produced upon recognition of microbial structures. In SLE, however, DNA-containing immune complexes (ICs) that induce IFN-α production are found. Many autoantibodies in SLE and pSS are directed to nucleic acids or to DNA/RNA-binding proteins. We show that also RNA in complex with autoantibodies from SLE or pSS patients (RNA-IC) induces IFN-α-production. The RNA could be either in the form of RNA-containing material released from apoptotic or necrotic cells or as a pure RNA-containing autoantigen, the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle. The IFN-α-production induced by RNA-IC occurred in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs), also termed natural IFN-producing cells (NIPCs), via binding to Fcγ-receptor IIa, endocytosis and triggering of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), probably TLR7 and TLR9. The RNA-IC may also have other effects, and we found that they induce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in monocytes and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in both monocytes and NIPC/PDC. The PGE2 downregulated the IFN-α induction in NIPC/PDC, and the IFN-α induction was increased in monocyte-depleted cell cultures. The findings presented in this thesis aids in the understanding of the mechanisms behind the activated IFN-α system in SLE and other autoimmune diseases, and shows that also pSS is one of these diseases.

Dem Tharandter Neubau Bibliothek/Mensa wurde am 19.10.2005 im Rahmen des Festaktes zur feierlichen Eröffnung (SLUB-Kurier 4/2005) der Gebäudename 'Rossmässler-Bau' durch den Rektor der TU Dresden, Magnifizenz Kokenge, verliehen....

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Reklam kan ibland anses framställa kvinnor och män på ett nedvärderande sätt. I Sverige har alla rätt att anmäla den reklam som anses vara könsdiskriminerande. Anmälan görs till Reklamombudsmannen (RO), bestående av näringslivets självreglerande system, som bedömer reklamen utifrån Internationella Handelskammarens regler för reklam och marknadskommunikation. Detta görs utifrån tre kriterier, vilka säger att reklam inte får: framställa kvinnor eller män som rena sexobjekt som kan anses kränkande (sexistisk reklam); ge en nedvärderande stereotyp bild på könsrollerna (schabloniserande reklam); eller på något annat sätt vara uppenbart könsdiskriminerande. Denna undersökning syftar till att jämföra RO:s syn på sexobjekt, nedvärderande stereotypa könsroller och sexism, med genusteorins syn på samma begrepp, för att därigenom kartlägga och analysera en eventuell skillnad mellan dem. Utgångspunkten i genusteorierna är genusordningen. Undersökningen är kvalitativ och utförs med en semiotisk analys av 16 reklamer, som blivit anmälda hos RO. Resultatet av den semiotiska analysen jämförs sedan med RO:s bedömning av samma reklam. Resultatet av undersökningen visar en skillnad mellan RO och genusteorins syn på könsdiskriminerande reklam. Denna skillnad grundar sig till viss del i hur de olika begreppen tolkas, men framförallt i vad som anses vara nedvärderande och acceptabelt. / The usage of images of women and men in advertisements is subject to regulations regarding their discriminating presentation as sex objects and arrangement as stereotypical gender roles. In Sweden, every person is given the right to file complaints about individual advertisements to Reklamombudsmannen (RO), a self-regulation agency, which analyzes the complaints in accordance to the Consolidated ICC Code and decides whether the reported advertisements infringe the rules laid out by it. These regulations define three categories: 1. advertisements presenting women or men simply as sex objects; 2. advertisements using stereotypical gender roles; and 3. advertisements using obvious gender discriminating imagery. Companies are required to withdraw advertisements that fall under at least one of these three categories as decided by the RO. This thesis aims at comparing the view on the term sex objects, on devaluing stereotypical gender roles and on sexism as exhibited by the RO with the definitions of the same concepts originating from gender theory in order to identify and analyze a possible disparity between them. Starting from the theory of gender systems, this qualitative investigation, in its first step, semiotically analyzes 16 advertisements that have been reported to the RO. The results of these analyses are then compared to the individual verdicts and their reasons as given by the RO. As a result, this comparison shows a discrepancy between the view of the RO and gender theory on discriminating advertisements and imagery. This is due to differing views and definitions of the individual terms discussed in this thesis as well as conflicting opinions as to when this form of presentation of women and men is acceptable, specifically in the area of advertising.

This study was to investigate theory and application of Osmotic Distillation (OD). OD is a new novel membrane separation process used for the concentration of aqueous solutions such as fruit juices without the application of heat. The present work was undertaken to investigate flux limitations focusing on feedside, membrane and stripper side characteristics of OD. Once the limiting areas were identified, further studies were undertaken to determine methods of minimizing those limitations without losing the quality and integrity of the liquid feed. A laboratory scale OD system was used to simulate the industrial process which takes place during the production of grape juice concentrate for the fruit juice industry. Results of a UF pretreatment study showed that the use of UF membranes with pore diameters of 0.1 fÝm or less as a pretreatment for the subsequent OD of grape juice resulted in significant increases in OD flux over that observed for juice not subjected to UF. The study of the physical properties of the feed played an important role in the explanation of the OD process. The increase in OD flux was attributed to a reduction in juice viscosity as the result of the removal of protein and other high molecular weight components. Apart from an increase in OD flux, UF pretreatment of the grape juice proved to be beneficial in other areas of the OD process. HPLC measurements showed that the normal concentration of fermentable sugars in standard 68 oBrix concentrate can be achieved at a lower Brix value in feed subjected to UF pretreatment, further reducing the need to handle highly viscous feeds. UF pretreatment also resulted in an increase in juice surface tension consequently reducing the tendency for membrane wet-out to occur. The study of the deoxygenation of the feed solution shows that the removal of dissolved gases by the pre boiling method and the perstraction with chemical reaction (PCR) method both had a positive affect on OD flux. Pre boiling the brine resulted in an indirect reduction in dissolved oxygen in the feed. Pre boiling both the feed and brine, further increased the flux. Throughout the PCR study, it was evident that stripper side mass transfer of O2 was not limited by flowrate but was limited by higher stripper concentration. However, the latter had an insignificant effect when the sulfite-oxygen reaction was catalysed. The use of a catalyst and increase in temperature gave a significant improvement in overall mass transfer coefficient. Ten types of hydrophobic microporous membranes were tested for their influence on OD flux. While the pore diameter is a considerable factor in mass transport of gases through the membrane, it was also noted that the type of membrane material used had an affect on the overall mass transfer. All top three performing membranes had pore diameters of 0.2 x 10-6 m and were made from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The choice of brine to use as the stripper was based on criteria that were confirmed by the brine studies performed here. The best performing stripper solutions demonstrating the greatest improvement in OD flux over the most commonly used brines, NaCl, CaCl2 and CH3COOK were aqueous solutions of potassium salts of phosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid and blends thereof. These salts agreed with all the required characteristics of a suitable brine, demonstrating high solubility rates, supporting the ability to lower water vapour pressure. The study of the corrosion effects of brine salts confirmed the phosphate salts are superior demonstrating some of the lowest corrosion rates and highest pH.

Το θέμα της κατασκευής ενός συστήματος αναγνώρισης προτύπων για τα ηχητικά σήματα ενός ανθρώπου που κοιμάται είναι ένα από τα ανοιχτά ζητήματα της Βιοιατρικής. Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εξετάζουμε την εξαγωγή ερμηνεύσιμων σημάτων που αντιστοιχούν στον καρδιακό ρυθμό, την αναπνοή και το ροχαλητό. Χρησιμοποιούμε μεθόδους Ανάλυσης σε Ανεξάρτητες Συνιστώσες και μεθόδους Τυφλού Διαχωρισμού που εκμεταλεύονται Στατιστικές Δεύτερης Τάξης. Συμπεραίνουμε ότι οι δεύτερες είναι οι πλέον κατάλληλες όταν συνοδεύονται από ένα στάδιο προεπεξεργασίας που αφορά ανάλυση σε ζώνες συχνοτήτων. / The design of a non-intrusive Pattern Recognition System to estimate the sleep sounds is an open problem of Bioengineering. We use recordings from body-sensors to estimate the heart beat, the breathing and the snoring. In this thesis we examine the effectiveness of Independent Component Analysis for this Blind Source Separation Problem and we compare it with methods that perform Source Separation using Second Order Statistics. We take into account the temporal structure of the sources as well as the presence of noise. Our system is greatly improved by a preprocessing stage of targeted subband decomposition which uses a priori knowledge about the sources. We propose an efficient solution to this problem which is confirmed by medical data.