Denna uppsats behandlar invandrade finska romers identitetsbygge i Sverige. Jag har gjort en kvalitativ intervjustudie med tre informanter. Syftet har varit att granska hur dessa finska romer i Sverige har format sin identitet under sin livstid och vilken roll skolan har haft för identitetsformeringen samt hur deras emigration har påverkat deras syn på sig själva som romer, finländare och/eller svenskar. Jag har intervjuat en man i 30-års-åldern och två kvinnor, 45 respektive 50 år. Intervjuerna ägde rum i september 2005. Alla tre var födda i Finland, men har flyttat till Sverige under sin barndom eller ungdom. Informanterna ombedes bl.a. att definiera vem som de anser vara en rom i jämförelse till en modell som Romano Missio i Finland har på sin hemsida(http://www.romanomissio.fi/projektit/kalvot/002_kuka_on_romani.pdf ). Av min undersökning kan man dra slutsatsen att förändringar är på gång inom den finskromska gruppen. Allt fler romer vill utbilda sig och speciellt kvinnorna har gjort framsteg inom det området. Ungdomarna umgås mer och mer med andra grupper, nya typer av identiteter växer fram och deras identitet får intryck från andra kulturer. Romerna diskuterar sina interna frågor i finska media vilket är nytt. Av mina intervjuer framgår att samhället saknar förståelse för romernas kultur och romska ungdomars livsvillkor. Att dessa inte alltid i lika stor utsträckning som majoriteten har möjligheter till individuella val. / This thesis investigates the construction of identity among immigrated Finnish Roma in Sweden. I have concluded three qualitative interviews, with a 30-year old man and two women, 45 and 50 years old. The purpose of these interviews has been to investigate in what fashion these individuals, all members of the Finnish Roma minority in Sweden, have constructed their identity and how their schooling has contributed to this. I first got in contact with the man and via him a was able to reach the women and interview them too. All three were born in Finland but moved to Sweden during childhood or adolescence. The informants were among other things asked to define who is Roma and who is not, all according to a model that can be viewed at Romano Missio's Finnish website (http://www.romanomissio.fi/projektit/kalvot/002_kuka_on_romani.pdf ). My investigation makes evident that changes are in progress in the Finnish Roma community in Sweden. An increasing number of Roma are interested in higher education. Youngsters seek contact with people from other societal groups and their identity is constructed increasingly in interaction with other cultures. Internal Roma issues are now more openly discussed in mainstream media in Finland. According to my research society lacks in understanding for and knowledge about Roma culture. Not much is known about the conditions under which Roma youngsters live and the fact that these young people do not get the same freedom of choice that is granted for others the same age.

L’Indice di Antonio Lafrery (1512-1577) è il catalogo della sua produzione editoriale fino alla metà degli anni settanta del Cinquecento. In questo studio vengono identificate le opere in esso citate. Le novità che emergono riguardano soprattutto le corrispondenze tra le sezioni in cui l’Indice è strutturato e le raccolte in volume pubblicate da Lafrery, portandone a conoscenza di nuove rispetto ai noti “Speculum Romanae Magnificentiae” e “Tavole Moderne di Geografia”. Sono poi indagati i contatti dell’editore con umanisti, collezionisti e mecenati. / The Antonio Lafrery ‘s “Indice” (1512-1577) is the catalog of his editorial production until the mid-seventies of the sixteenth century. In this study the works cited therein are identified. The news that emerge mainly concern the correspondence between the sections in which the index is structured and collected in a volume published by Lafrery, leading to new knowledge in relation to known "Speculum Romanae Magnificentiae" and " Tavole Moderne di Geografia ". Then are studied the editor’s contact with humanists, collectors and patrons.

This thesis analyzes Bulgaria&amp / #8217 / s minority policy followed by various governments during the Principality, the Kingdom, Peoples Republic and post-Communist Bulgaria. General discussion and assessment of minority rights standards within major international organizations is followed by analysis of minorities&amp / #8217 / status and treatment in Bulgaria since 1878. The thesis seeks answers to what have been the main features of minority policies in modern Bulgarian history, what has constituted its continuity and change.

In this study, the particular identification process of Gypsiness is discussed on the basis of socio-economic conditions. Certain occupations, i.e. scrap-dealing, belly-dancing and musicianship are selected in the case of Gypsy/Roma community from Tepecik, Izmir as key markers of identity. Whether there is an organic relation between the long lasting occupational positions of Gypsy/Roma and their self-identity perception and if so, how it is perceived by each occupational category is considered as significant in the analysis of Gypsiness and its diverse interpretations. In addition to the discussion of identity with references to certain socio-economic conditions, cultural and social codes significant in identification are discussed. Particular perceptions towards the Kurdish group, the Gorgio group, as well as the &quot / Gypsy&quot / group are also considered as key markers in identity formation process of Gypsy/Roma. In this context, a field study is conducted in Tepecik, Tenekeli neighborhood using in-depth interviews.

This study aims to compare Roma community in Edirne and Dom community in Diyarbakir with regard to their integration levels to different majorities (respectively Turks in Edirne and Kurds in Diyarbakir) and belonging to the political body (state), access to citizenship rights (civil, social, political and cultural) and the affect of transnational citizenship on Roma and Dom communities. The main argument of this study asserts that Roma community can have more access to citizenship rights than Dom community. This is related with the fact that Roma community lives with Turks, who are the ethnic majority in Edirne and in Turkey, whereas Dom community lives mostly with Kurds, who are the majority in Diyarbakir but minority in Turkey. Foremost, Roma community has closer connections with state and transnational space than Dom community. The study has found that ethnicity appears as a common barrier for both communities in benefiting from full citizenship. However, it is noted that they experienced different historical, social and economic transformations. Social exclusion is observed at different levels for the two communities. Hence, the study tries to explain why the equality principle of citizenship is ruptured for both communities. While forced migration in 1990s and the gradual loss of musician craft were key factors for the exclusion of Dom community in the labor market,Roma community with affect of agricultural modernization, has repositioned themselves in terms of ethnicity and class formation in last 40-50 years owing mainly to urbanization and modernization. The study has found that Dom community has very limited citizenship rights compared to Roma community. The differences can be obviously seen with regard to impact of poverty and their integration levels to the majority.

Zugl.: Köln, Univ., Diss., 2009

This thesis explores the ways in which the Holocaust experiences and memories of Roma communities in post-Socialist Ukraine and Russia have been both remembered and forgotten. In these nations, the Porraimos, meaning the “Great Devouring” in some Romani dialects, has been largely silenced by the politics of national memory, and by the societal discrimination and ostracization of Roma communities. While Ukraine has made strides towards memorializing Porraimos in the last few decades, the Russian state has yet to do the same. I question how experiences of the Porraimos fit into Holocaust memory in these nations, why the memorialization of the Porraimos is important, what the relationship between communal and public memory is, and lastly, how communal Roma memory is instrumental in reshaping the public memory of the Holocaust. I approach these questions through a comparative, interdisciplinary framework that combines historical analysis, interviews with two Russian Roma individuals from St. Petersburg Russia, an overview of existing literature and film that focus on the Porraimos, and a survey of the memorials for Roma victims in Western, Central, and Eastern Europe. Using these methods, I determine how the Porraimos fits into political and cultural memory in these nations, and what the future of Porraimos memory might look like. / Graduate

The free movement of the Roma minority has become questioned within the European Union. This study seeks to understand why this question has reached disproportionally importance in comparison to the number of Roma migrants within the union, and to understand the great attention given to the question. Based on the Copenhagen’s school of securitization, the purpose of this study is to show how this magnification of the question occurs due to the framing of the Roma migrants as a security problem. Focusing on the speech act of the securitization theory, this paper contains a study of political actor’s statements concerning Roma migrants. Using a framing methodology combined with the conditions for a successful securitization, speeches and statements are analyzed to determine how the Roma migrants are framed as societal threats in politics of France, Sweden and the European Commission. The result of the study show that a securitization has taken place in French politics, similar signs of the beginning of the securitizing process can be found in the Swedish political discourse. The Commission’s speech act concern the member states treatment of the Roma migrants, and especially the questioning of their right to free movement.

Mixture between populations is an evolutionary process that shapes genetic variation. Intermixing between groups of distinct ancestries creates mosaics of chromosomal segments inherited from multiple ancestral populations. Studying populations of mixed ancestry (admixed populations) is of special interest in population genetics as it not only provides insights into the history of admixed groups but also affords an opportunity to reconstruct the history of the ancestral populations, some of whom may no longer exist in unmixed form. Furthermore, it improves our understanding of the impact of population migrations and helps us discover links between genetic and phenotypic variation in structured populations. The majority of research on admixed populations has focused on African Americans and Latinos where the mixture is recent, having occurred within the past 500 years. In this dissertation, I describe several studies that I have led that expand the scope of admixed studies to West Eurasians and South Asians where the mixture is older, and data from ancestral groups is mostly unavailable. First, I introduce a novel method that studies admixture linkage disequilibrium (LD) to infer the time of mixture. I analyze genomewide data from 40 West Eurasian populations and show that all Southern European, Levantine and Jewish groups have inherited sub-Saharan African ancestry in the past 100 generations, likely reflecting events during the Roman Empire and subsequent Arab migrations. Next, I apply a range of methods to study the history of Siddi groups that harbor African, Indian and Portuguese ancestry, and to infer the history of Roma gypsies from Europe. Finally, I develop a novel approach that combines the insights of frequency and LD-based statistics to infer the underlying model of mixture. I apply this method to 73 South Asian groups and infer that major mixture occurred ~2,000-4,000 years ago. In a subset of populations, all the mixture occurred during this period, a time of major change in India marked by the de- urbanization of the Indus valley civilization and recolonization of the Gangetic plateau. Inferences from our analyses provide novel insights into the history of these populations as well as about the broad impact of human migrations.

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