Concerning the Eccentricities of Cardinal Pirelli by Ronald Firbank and Between the Acts by Virginia Woolf both liberate the text from the expected form to engage emotional awareness and instigate reform of societal standards. Employing Mikhail Bakhtin’s theories of the carnivalesque and grotesque realism as a means to create this perspective is unconventional; nevertheless, Firbank, predominantly misunderstood, and Woolf, more regarded but largely misinterpreted, both address sexuality and religion to parody what they believe to be the retrogression of civilization by narrating christenings, pageants, and other forms of carnival. Both novels forefront nonconformity, and the conspicuous influence of debasement is identified as a form of salient renewal. Christopher Ames, Melba-Cuddy Keane, and Alice Fox have already expressed remarkable insight into Woolf; unfortunately not a single scholar has approached Firbank’s text in this manner, and this essay discusses the value of both authors in the aspect of Bakhktin’s theories. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2015. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Christian providence in the primary (real) world operates as the model for the spiritual movement of Eru/Illuvatar in Tolkien's secondary (imaginative) world. Paralleling the Christian God, Illuvatar maintains a relationship with his creation through a three-fold activity: preservation, concurrence, and government. Preservation affirms Eru's sovereignty as Creator, and concurrence guarantees creaturely freedom, while paradoxically, government controls, guides, and determines those wills in Time. The union of these three activities comprises the providential relationship of Illuvatar in Tolkien's imaginary world. The following thesis endeavors to carry the argument for providence into The Silmarillion with a declarative and analytical detail that distinguishes Illuvatar's providence from other temporal manifestations. Finally, the analysis reveals not only the author's authentic orthodox perspective, but Illuvatar's role in the imaginative world emerges as a reflection of Tolkien's authorial role in the real world. / by David C. Powell. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2009. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2009. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:54:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 405133.pdf: 693103 bytes, checksum: 8178bb95ced3a4332de6078959341123 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-12 / Esta disserta??o tem como interesse principal a elucida??o da teoria da justi?a de Dworkin ? luz do pensamento hegeliano. A elabora??o desta teoria configura um marco no que se refere ao tratamento do Direito com bases fundamentais nos princ?pios. O autor empreende uma convicta luta contra os ideais do positivismo e o utilitarismo que, na sua vis?o, engessam de tal modo a aplica??o do Direito que impedem a concreta efetiva??o da justi?a. A refer?ncia ? filosofia de Hegel infere um peso filos?fico ? an?lise da teoria da integridade. A integridade ? aceita como uma virtude dial?tica que atua como mediadora do processo conflituoso verificado no ?mbito da justi?a e da equidade. O fomento desta teoria resulta de um processo interpretativo, denominado de construtivo que culmina na tese da ?nica resposta correta, artif?cio de contesta??o dos dogmatismos do positivismo. A caracteriza??o da teoria da justi?a como integridade passa pela aceita??o da comunidade dos princ?pios morais, da imbrica??o entre justi?a e moral, pelo reconhecimento do movimento interpretativo e da participa??o ativa dos processos hist?ricos na forma??o da teoria da justi?a. Estas caracter?sticas fornecem subs?dios para a vitalidade desta teoria no que tange a sua aceita??o nos meios jur?dicos e filos?ficos. A aproxima??o com o pensamento hegeliano mostra um duplo desafio: situar a teoria da justi?a como integridade no contexto filos?fico e jur?dico e analisar as contribui??es do pensamento hegeliano no fortalecimento das teorias da justi?a contempor?nea. A escolha por Hegel remonta da sua concep??o de totalidade e da possibilidade de apresentar tra?os liberais em sua teoria. A interlocu??o entre os dois autores e suas teorias ? poss?vel atrav?s da din?mica dial?tica presente em ambos. Hegel edifica todo seu sistema filos?fico sob as linhas conceituais da dial?tica. O mesmo procede em rela??o ? Dworkin que estabelece a teoria da integridade como um momento de supera??o e conserva??o dos valores presentes nos ideais superados da justi?a e da equidade. A viabilidade dessa interlocu??o s? ? poss?vel nos termos de uma poss?vel cr?tica em rela??o ?s duas teorias. Obviamente n?o h? como considerar a perfeita adequa??o de uma a outra, mas ? poss?vel uma comunica??o aberta entre elas.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:33:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 410180.pdf: 121592 bytes, checksum: e01ba0b7d2f79219d78c679fefe63ff8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-12 / Nesta disserta??o questionamos alguns dos aspectos mais importantes da teoria da discricionariedade judicial. Criticamos e propomos a supera??o das posturas positivistas, as quais n?o se mostram adequadas para bem explicar o fen?meno da interpreta??o do direito. A id?ia central ? a defesa de que o ato aplicativo do direito ? ?nico e implica a interpreta??o, a compreens?o e a aplica??o do direito. Propomos, assim, que a abordagem da hermen?utica filos?fica (GADAMER) ? fundamental, pois a viragem ling??stica rompeu com a tradicional separa??o entre o sujeito e o objeto, e se passou a entender que a boa interpreta??o somente ocorre na devida uni?o entre ambos. A partir das discuss?es travadas pelos jusfil?sofos Herbert Hart e Ronald Dworkin tra?amos os contornos desta quest?o. Para Hart, um positivista brando, frente aos casos dif?ceis (baseados nos problemas da incerteza do direito), permite-se que as regras sejam aplicadas de diversas maneiras, e frente ? textura aberta das regras o juiz ir? dispor de seu poder de cria??o do direito. Por outro lado, Ronald Dworkin nega que o juiz tenha poder discricion?rio, pois em todo e qualquer caso tem a responsabilidade de encontrar a resposta correta, baseado nos princ?pios morais pr?-existentes ? decis?o judicial. Defende-se, ao final, que a ?nica resposta correta (DWORKIN) n?o corresponde aos ideais democr?ticos de uma sociedade constitucionalmente pluralista, e em todo caso o juiz deve procurar a melhor resposta (JUAREZ FREITAS) entre as possibilidades que est?o ? sua disposi??o.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carolina Souza Torres Blanco.pdf: 1215182 bytes, checksum: 18d310b8bcb4bddc8090e95dc754796a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-12 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The transformations through the linguistic turn and hermeneutics, awareness of the interpretative character of knowledge of cultural objects, as in the case of law, and the role of language in human understanding of the world generates a crisis paradigm on how to understand the law and how to operate it. There are theories supporting the linking of law and legal decisions to a question of political morality and a claim to correctness. These transformations in theory of law lead to direct modifications on Constitutionalism. However, performing this requirement of Fulcrum in initial Constitution, compliance with the pretense of correction of the legal decision? If we differ on what's fair or unfair, how to reconcile it with the requirements of legal certainty and the democratic character of our coexistence? This dissertation proposes a contribution to this debate through the study of three contemporary authors: Ronald Dworkin, Robert Alexy, Jürgen Habermas. Study the problems of rationality and the correction of legal decision in the optical of these three authors, so we defend, at the end, the idea of implementation of the Constitution as argumentative venture-discursive and hermeneutical-constructive, tuned to rational agreements shared between human beings in the world of life / Com as transformações operadas através da guinada linguística e hermenêutica, a conscientização do caráter interpretativo do conhecimento de objetos culturais, como é o caso do direito, e do papel da linguagem na compreensão humana de mundo gera uma crise paradigmática sobre o modo de se compreender o direito e de como se operar com ele. Teorias surgem sustentando a vinculação do direito e das decisões jurídicas a uma problemática de moralidade política e a uma pretensão de correção. Essas transformações na teoria do direito conduzem a modificações diretas no Constitucionalismo. Contudo, como executar esta exigência, de fulcro inicial na concretização da Constituição, de cumprimento da pretensão de correção da decisão jurídica? Se divergimos sobre o que é justo ou injusto, como conciliá-la com exigências de segurança jurídica e ao caráter democrático de nossa convivência? A presente dissertação propõe uma contribuição a este debate através do estudo de três autores contemporâneos: Ronald Dworkin, Robert Alexy, Jürgen Habermas. Estuda-se, assim, a problemática da racionalidade e da correção da decisão jurídica nas óticas desses três autores, para, ao fim, defendermos, a ideia de concretização da Constituição como empreendimento argumentativo-discursivo e hermenêutico-construtivo, atento ao compartilhamento intersubjetivo do acordado racionalmente no mundo da vida

Submitted by Diego Barros (diegobbarros@ufpa.br) on 2015-03-18T12:12:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Dissertacao_MonetizacaoRiscosMeio.pdf: 1305651 bytes, checksum: cfb61fda688d11d0657afa382cfa2e4d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2015-03-19T13:32:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Dissertacao_MonetizacaoRiscosMeio.pdf: 1305651 bytes, checksum: cfb61fda688d11d0657afa382cfa2e4d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-19T13:32:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Dissertacao_MonetizacaoRiscosMeio.pdf: 1305651 bytes, checksum: cfb61fda688d11d0657afa382cfa2e4d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Esta dissertação trata da Monetização dos Riscos no Meio Ambiente do Trabalho – fenômeno que autoriza a compensação financeira para o trabalhador em razão de sua exposição a riscos existentes no local de trabalho –, sob a ótica do Liberalismo Igualitário de John Rawls e Ronald Dworkin. O primeiro capítulo analisa e compara as teorias liberais igualitárias apresentadas por John Rawls e Ronald e Dworkin com a teoria da Análise Econômica do Direito de Richard Posner. O segundo capítulo demonstra quais são as práticas do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro com relação à monetização dos riscos. O terceiro capítulo realiza uma análise normativa e principiológica para responder se há necessidade de reformular tais práticas, analisando, ainda, quais são os óbices à efetivação da proteção aos trabalhadores. / This thesis analyses the Risks Monetization in the Work Environment – phenomenon that authorizes the financial compensation for the worker due to his exposure to risks existing in the place of work –, which is done by the optics of the Egalitarian Liberalism of John Rawls and Ronald Dworkin. The first chapter analyses and compares the liberal egalitarian theories presented by John Rawls and Ronald Dworkin with the Economic Analysis of the Law theory of Richard Posner. The second chapter demonstrates which are the brazilian juridical practices related to the risks monetization. The third chapter makes a norm and principles based analysis in order to answer if it is necessary to reform those practices, analyzing, yet, which are the obstacles for the effective workers protection.

The thesis analyzes how the administrations of Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush used force in response to incidents of international terrorism. Key players in each administration and whether they advocated a law enforcement approach or a war paradigm approach to counterterrorism are examined. In addition, Koh's pattern of executive initiative, congressional acquiescence, and judicial tolerance forms a theoretical lens through which to compare and contrast administrations. An assessment of the role of Congress in making the administrations' counterterrorism policies confirms the vitality of this pattern, and suggests future administrations will adhere to it. During the George W. Bush administration, Koh's pattern of executive initiative (led by personalities like Vice President Cheney), congressional acquiescence, and judicial tolerance combined with the 9/11 tragedy and pervasive fears of another attack to create a 'perfect storm' known as the 'war on terror'. The research also analyzes to what extent the four administrations were constrained by international legal norms on the use of force, i.e. articles 2(4) and 51 of the UN Charter. On the domestic side, the thesis analyzes the extent to which American legal norms on the use of force constrained the administrations. Although the lack of compelling constraints on the use of force is present in all four administrations, the thesis indicates that the George W. Bush administration embodied an extreme example of this trend.

With increasing numbers of first-generation college students enrolling in colleges and universities across the US, so too is the need to begin preparing such underrepresented students for graduate school and a career in academia. As a phenomenological case study of student transformation, this dissertation examines the experience of nine first-generation college students in the summer research portion of the Ronald E. McNair Achievement Program (McNair) at University of Arizona. The qualitative data collected includes in-depth interviewing, observing the students' in-class presentations on the progress of their summer research, and reviewing the students' written work. Drawing on Adult Transformational Learning Theory (Mezirow, 1991) and Gee's writings on student identity (2000) and Discourse (2005), this study primarily addresses the following questions: 1) How do UA McNair students take on and use the Discourse of research during the 10 week summer program? And 2) as they engage in the Discourse of research (in classes, with mentors, with peers, in written work), what academic identity transformations are observed (in the classroom, in interviews, and in written work)? Narrative inquiry (Clandinin & Connelly, 2000) was utilized to organize and examine the data, and research texts consist of academic biographies written for each student. Findings reveal that student transformation is the noticeable difference in the students' utilization and integration of a language system used to describe their summer research and to define their research interests. Defined as the Discourse of research, this becomes the basis for students enacting the identity of undergraduate researcher. As a cohort of nine McNair Scholars, students share the experience of undergraduate research and engage in conversations which address the insecurities they have as first-generation college students. Through this formation of an affinity group (Gee, 2005) and their utilization of the Discourse of research, students engage in critical reflection, reevaluate their academic identities, and begin preparing themselves for their transition from undergraduate students to first-year doctoral students.

The First World War's 1916 Arab Revolt has become, in the West, a renowned episode in part because of the presence of one dominating character: T.E. Lawrence. However, "Lawrence of Arabia" is only the most prominent of the many Western agents sent to advise the Revolt. The narratives of these advisers have come to dominate the most Westerners popular conception of the Arab uprising. Most scholars have portrayed the British advisers to the Arab Revolt as "pro-Arab." The aim of this thesis is to challenge that portrayal through a careful analysis of the writings (published and unpublished) and actions of the four advisers: T.E. Lawrence, Sir Ronald Storrs, Major Sir Hubert Young, Lt Col. Sir Percy Joyce. / I argue for a more subtle, complex, heterogeneous version of the advisers Pro-Arab approach. By examining the advisers' published accounts and the available archival resources the contrast between the rhetoric surrounding their legends and the actual practice of their war experiences will be laid bare. The goal of the thesis is to use primary sources to demonstrate, in various areas of their relationships with Arabs, a discourse of superiority versus inferiority. This work has consequently attempted to present a less altruistic agenda emerging from the advisers' wartime conduct. In its place I have demonstrated numerous instances where they coerced and enforced their own interpretation of Arab desires and even an "Arab" identity onto the Revolt itself and furthermore, cemented these interpretations into Western popular culture.

本論文題旨為：德渥金論公民違抗。公民違抗概念的存在與政治哲學同時並起 而大興於二十世紀，包括甘地以之倡議印度獨立，乃至於六○年代的美國用以爭取黑人民權、女權、反越戰、校園反叛等等，如今更是民主國家中人民意見表達、抗議之常見方式。在違抗政府的意義界定上，公民違抗與流血革命不同，其特質為（廣義的）非暴力（non-violence），目的並非推翻政府，而是人民基於良心、基於正義，同時也基於對政策、法律的不同意見，迫使政府改變其法律、政策。 然而，公民違抗不僅是一項政治與社會實踐。對本論文的中心關懷而言，更重要的是，公民違抗產生的原因與背景是什麼？它背後所代表的意義又是什麼？ 筆者認為，儘管公民違抗作為一政治、社會實踐，在實踐過程中充滿變化與挑戰，然而就理論思考而言，公民違抗不啻為探究與反省民主理論之最佳對象。要之，公民違抗為人民自發性的行動，旨在違抗政府政策、法律等政令；然而在基礎意義上，以民主作為立國基礎之國家，政治是向人民開放的，即，民主國家中的人民具有參與政治的權利與權力──公民違抗的出現使得這項民主定義被凸顯出來而被重新檢視：人民被迫以違法抗議的方式作為意見表達的出口，必然在政治參與的理論與實踐上出現難以跨越的橫溝與歧異。據此，審視公民違抗的實踐之於政治理論，有其時代意義與重要性。 本論文共分五章，分別簡述如下： 第一章為導論，分為兩節。第一節為問題脈絡，主要就現實社會的觀察提出思考與反省：政治的本質是什麼？公民違抗與政治的關係又是什麼？第二節為研究進路，說明本文以德渥金的權利理論作為探查公民違抗及其背後所代表意旨的角度。公民違抗本質上強調與爭取人民權利，而德渥金權利理論正是取眼於人民權利保障，本論文寄望在兩者之間，取得理論與實踐之調諧與平衡。 第二章旨在回溯公民違抗議題的發展，主要分為三節。第一節以蘇格拉底、金恩等人所從事之違抗事例說明，對公民違抗者而言：惡法非法；因而面對不義的法律，人民不僅不應遵守，更應起身違抗，使生命更為正義。第二節藉由德渥金與梭羅等人之眼進一步指出，違抗不義的法律之於人民正義生活的必要性，以及政府面對基於正義而違抗法律的人民時，應以寬容的態度對應之。第三節則是兼顧羅爾斯與鄂蘭的見解，指出公民違抗雖出自於人民的正義感與良心，但最終應立基於人民對公共議題的關懷與共識；同時，藉由「公民違抗的憲政地位為何？」與「寬容、以政治方式處理公民違抗的意義為何？」等提問向契約理論開放。 第三章藉由古典契約論與當代契約論之比較，指出契約論中的同意理論才是憲政理論的重心，而公民違抗相關於憲政體制，應取眼於同意理論中保障人民權利的視角，作為公民違抗立論的基礎。本章共分為三節，第一節回溯古典契約論者霍布斯、洛克等人對自然狀態的看法，並指出同意概念與自然權利是契約理論的思考核心。第二節接續前節對古典契約論的回顧，指出盧梭最初提出公共意志的真意，並檢討同意理論的實踐問題，包括多數決原則、代議政治等所產生的弊病。筆者認為，同意中的明示（express consent）之於政治同意並不構成基礎性的問題；問題在於默許（tacit consent）。包括洛克、盧梭甚至更早的蘇格拉底都認為，居住是作為對國家、政治權威與制度的一種同意，是一種默許。問題在於，這種默許方式對於國家╱政治權威正當性的肯認基礎過於薄弱，而這正是公民違抗在契約理論中、在憲政層次上存在的必要地位：公民違抗作為一種不同意的表示，在違抗法律、政策並要求改變的同時，也間接反證了違抗對象存在的正當性。第三節旨在說明，當代契約論者羅爾斯的正義理論著重「人們將同意什麼樣的政治制度」，而忽略了「人們憑藉著什麼而得以同意、以及為什麼不同意」這個面向。同時，德渥金也指出，假定的契約不是契約──契約論者要保障的正是人民同意所憑藉的「權利概念」，並進入第四章討論公民違抗與德渥金的權利理論。 第四章鋪陳公民違抗與德渥金權利理論的關係，共分三節。第一節鋪陳德渥金權利理論的法學基礎，指出在德渥金權利理論中，以原則（principle）為論旨中心：在法學理論上，權利理論以「法律的發展相應於道德的發展」恰恰與法實證主義相對舉。第二節指出，在德渥金的權利理論中，公民違抗的行動理據證立在「個人有權反對國家」這項命題上。簡言之，當前民主制度以多數決原則作為解決公共爭議的方式，卻凸顯出少數在數量上的弱勢；而在多數的集結經常以利益作為考量的情況上，「個人反對國家」的強意義權利更能對比出利益多數之於政策制定的不公義。第三節討論平等權利與公民違抗。德渥金的權利理論最終以平等作為自由的基礎，其中德渥金的自由主義式平等觀更異於一般：作為平等的個人而受到平等對待的權利。德渥金指出，作為平等的個人所受到的平等對待權利是一種平等的關心與尊重的權利；政府在政策的制定與抉擇上，不能只考慮效益主義齊頭式的平等觀，而必須考量作為少數的弱勢：在利益與機會等的分配上，應該有一種被容許的不平等分配方式，供政府做出整體的決定。要之，公民違抗作為一種政治參與的方式，事實上是一種消極的抗議表達；與其等到人民對於政治現狀、政策法律達到無可忍受的地步，不如在政府施政的同時，便多著眼於人民權利的注重與人民平等地位的關懷，作為一積極意義的政治思考，對於促進人民生活更能有進取性的助益。第五章為結論，主要分兩部份。第一部份總結本論文的研究所得：公民違抗終究只是一種手段，真正的目的仍舊在於使人民獲得公平、正義、良善的生活。第二部份回顧現實：除了台灣近日在政治作為上體現德渥金所言：「公平之路存在於寬容之中」之外，鄰近的菲律賓總統下台事件道出公民違抗的積極面「主權在民」，而當前世界各地反全球化的抗議浪潮更顯示，人民的抗議對象已經從過去在政治上所面對的國家，轉而成隱藏在國家背後的經濟統合體系。德渥金的自由主義式平等觀作為一種資源與福利的分配正義，對本論文的研究題旨而言儘管是一項限制，然而卻在新時代的挑戰中成為新問題的可能進路：過去人們在政治上爭自由與平等，如今人們可能因為經濟問題陷入另一層次的不自由與不平等。據此，德渥金的自由主義式平等觀有更進一步研析的重要性，本文囿於題旨與篇幅限制，僅將此問題向未來開放。